Windows commands

All supported versions of Windows (server and client) have a set of Win32 console commands built in.

This set of documentation describes the Windows Commands you can use to automate tasks by using scripts or scripting tools.

Prerequisites

The information that is contained in this topic applies to:

• Windows Server 2019
• Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel)
• Windows Server 2016
• Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2008 R2
• Windows Server 2008
• Windows 10
• Windows 8.1

Command shell overview

The Command shell was the first shell built into Windows to automate routine tasks, like user account management or nightly backups, with batch (.bat) files. With Windows Script Host you could run more sophisticated scripts in the Command shell. For more information, see cscript or wscript. You can perform operations more efficiently by using scripts than you can by using the user interface. Scripts accept all Commands that are available at the command line.

Windows has two command shells: The Command shell and PowerShell. Each shell is a software program that provides direct communication between you and the operating system or application, providing an environment to automate IT operations.

PowerShell was designed to extend the capabilities of the Command shell to run PowerShell commands called cmdlets. Cmdlets are similar to Windows Commands but provide a more extensible scripting language. You can run Windows Commands and PowerShell cmdlets in Powershell, but the Command shell can only run Windows Commands and not PowerShell cmdlets.

For the most robust, up-to-date Windows automation, we recommend using PowerShell instead of Windows Commands or Windows Script Host for Windows automation.

You can also download and install PowerShell Core, the open source version of PowerShell.

Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. Before making the following changes to the registry, you should back up any valued data on the computer.

To enable or disable file and directory name completion in the Command shell on a computer or user logon session, run regedit.exe and set the following reg_DWOrd value:

To set the reg_DWOrd value, use the hexadecimal value of a control character for a particular function (for example, 0 9 is Tab and 0 08 is Backspace). User-specified settings take precedence over computer settings, and command-line options take precedence over registry settings.

Command-line reference A-Z

To find information about a specific command, in the following A-Z menu, click the letter that the command starts with, and then click the command name.

How to Open Command Prompt

Open Command Prompt to Execute Commands in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, & XP

Some popular Command Prompt commands you might have heard of include ping, netstat, tracert, shutdown, and attrib, but there are many more. We have a complete list here.

While Command Prompt probably isn’t a tool most of you will use on a regular basis, it can really come in handy now and then, maybe to troubleshoot a specific Windows problem or to automate some kind of task.

How you open Command Prompt differs between Windows versions, so you’ll find steps below for Windows 10, Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, and Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. See What Version of Windows Do I Have? if you’re not sure.

Open Command Prompt in Windows 10

Select the Start button.

Type cmd.

Select Command Prompt from the list.

Open Command Prompt Through the Start Menu

Another way to open Command Prompt in Windows 10 is to look in its Start menu folder:

Select the Start button.

Select the Windows System folder from the list.

Choose Command Prompt from the folder group.

Open Command Prompt Using Power User Menu

One more method in Windows 10 is through the Power User Menu. If you’re using a keyboard or mouse, choose Command Prompt from the menu that appears after pressing Win+X or right-clicking the Start button.

You might see Windows PowerShell options in the Power User Menu instead of Command Prompt. In more recent versions of Windows 10, Command Prompt has been replaced by PowerShell, but you can still access it from the Power User Menu by editing the taskbar settings.

Open Command Prompt in Windows 8 or 8.1

Select the Start button and then swipe up to show the Apps screen. You can accomplish the same thing with a mouse by selecting the down arrow icon at the bottom of the screen.

Prior to the Windows 8.1 update, the Apps screen can be accessed from the Start screen by swiping up from the bottom of the screen, or right-clicking anywhere, and then choosing All apps.

If you’re using a keyboard or mouse, a really quick way to open a Command Prompt window in Windows 8 is through the Power User Menu—just hold the WIN and X keys down together, or right-click the Start button, and choose Command Prompt.

Swipe or scroll to the right on the Apps screen to locate the Windows System section heading.

Select Command Prompt. You can now execute whatever command you needed to run.

See our List of Windows 8 Command Prompt Commands for a complete list of the commands available through Command Prompt in Windows 8, including short descriptions and links to more in-depth information if we have it.

Open Command Prompt in Windows 7, Vista, or XP

Open the Start menu from the bottom-left corner of the screen.

In Windows 7 and Windows Vista, it’s a bit faster to enter command in the search box at the bottom of the Start menu and then choose Command Prompt when it appears in the results.

Go to All Programs > Accessories.

Choose Command Prompt from the list of programs.

Here’s our List of Windows 7 Commands and List of Windows XP Commands if you need a command reference for any of those versions of Windows.

Other Ways to Open Command Prompt

Command Prompt in Windows XP through Windows 10 can also be opened with a command. This is especially helpful if you like using the Run dialog box or if Windows Explorer has crashed and the Start menu is inaccessible (and thus the directions above don’t work).

To do this, enter cmd into the command-line interface. This can be in the Run dialog box (WIN+R) or Task Manager’s File > Run new task menu.

Elevated Command Prompts and Old Windows Versions

In versions of Windows released before Windows XP, like Windows 98 and Windows 95, Command Prompt doesn’t exist. However, the older and very similar MS-DOS Prompt does. This program is located in the Start menu and can be opened with the command run command.

Some commands, like the sfc command that’s used to repair Windows files, require that Command Prompt be opened as an administrator before they can be executed. You’ll know if this is the case if you get a message like one of these after trying to execute the command:

• check that you have administrative rights
• . command can only be executed from an elevated command prompt
• you must be an administrator

See How to Open an Elevated Command Prompt for help starting Command Prompt as an administrator, a process that’s a bit more complicated than what’s outlined above.

Команды Windows Windows commands

Все поддерживаемые версии Windows (сервер и клиент) имеют набор встроенных команд консоли Win32. All supported versions of Windows (server and client) have a set of Win32 console commands built in.

Этот набор документации описывает команды Windows, которые можно использовать для автоматизации задач с помощью скриптов или средств создания скриптов. This set of documentation describes the Windows Commands you can use to automate tasks by using scripts or scripting tools.

Предварительные требования Prerequisites

Сведения, содержащиеся в этом разделе, применимы к: The information that is contained in this topic applies to:

• Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2019
• Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel) Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel)
• Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2016
• Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008 R2
• Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008
• Windows 10 Windows 10
• Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1

Общие сведения о командной оболочке Command shell overview

Командная оболочка была первой оболочкой, встроенной в Windows, для автоматизации стандартных задач, таких как управление учетными записями пользователей или ночное резервное копирование с пакетными файлами (bat). The Command shell was the first shell built into Windows to automate routine tasks, like user account management or nightly backups, with batch (.bat) files. С помощью сервера сценариев Windows можно выполнять более сложные сценарии в командной оболочке. With Windows Script Host you could run more sophisticated scripts in the Command shell. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе cscript или Wscript. For more information, see cscript or wscript. С помощью скриптов можно более эффективно выполнять операции, чем с помощью пользовательского интерфейса. You can perform operations more efficiently by using scripts than you can by using the user interface. Скрипты принимают все команды, доступные в командной строке. Scripts accept all Commands that are available at the command line.

Windows имеет две командные оболочки: Командная оболочка и PowerShell. Windows has two command shells: The Command shell and PowerShell. Каждая оболочка представляет собой программную программу, обеспечивающую прямой обмен данными между вами и операционной системой или приложением, предоставляя среду для автоматизации ИТ-операций. Each shell is a software program that provides direct communication between you and the operating system or application, providing an environment to automate IT operations.

PowerShell был разработан для расширения возможностей командной оболочки для выполнения команд PowerShell, называемых командлетами. PowerShell was designed to extend the capabilities of the Command shell to run PowerShell commands called cmdlets. Командлеты похожи на команды Windows, но предоставляют более расширяемый язык сценариев. Cmdlets are similar to Windows Commands but provide a more extensible scripting language. Вы можете выполнять команды Windows и командлеты PowerShell в PowerShell, но Командная оболочка может выполнять только команды Windows, а не командлеты PowerShell. You can run Windows Commands and PowerShell cmdlets in Powershell, but the Command shell can only run Windows Commands and not PowerShell cmdlets.

Для наиболее надежной и последней версии службы автоматизации Windows рекомендуется использовать PowerShell вместо команд Windows или сервера сценариев Windows для службы автоматизации Windows. For the most robust, up-to-date Windows automation, we recommend using PowerShell instead of Windows Commands or Windows Script Host for Windows automation.

Вы также можете скачать и установить PowerShell Core, версию PowerShell с открытым исходным кодом. You can also download and install PowerShell Core, the open source version of PowerShell.

Неправильное изменение реестра может серьезно повредить систему. Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. Перед внесением следующих изменений в реестр следует создать резервную копию всех ценных данных на компьютере. Before making the following changes to the registry, you should back up any valued data on the computer.

Чтобы включить или отключить завершение имен файлов и каталогов в командной оболочке на компьютере или в сеансе входа пользователя, запустите regedit.exe и задайте следующее значение reg_DWOrd: To enable or disable file and directory name completion in the Command shell on a computer or user logon session, run regedit.exe and set the following reg_DWOrd value:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\completionChar\reg_DWOrd HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\completionChar\reg_DWOrd

Чтобы задать значение reg_DWOrd , используйте шестнадцатеричное значение управляющего символа для конкретной функции (например, 0 9 — TAB, а 0 08 — Backspace). To set the reg_DWOrd value, use the hexadecimal value of a control character for a particular function (for example, 0 9 is Tab and 0 08 is Backspace). Заданные пользователем параметры имеют приоритет над параметрами компьютера, а параметры командной строки имеют приоритет над параметрами реестра. User-specified settings take precedence over computer settings, and command-line options take precedence over registry settings.

Справочник по командной строке A-Z Command-line reference A-Z

Чтобы найти сведения о конкретной команде, в следующем меню A-Z щелкните букву, с которой начинается команда, а затем щелкните имя команды. To find information about a specific command, in the following A-Z menu, click the letter that the command starts with, and then click the command name.

Объект | Б | C | Г | Д | F | Ж | З | Я | J | Л | L | М | N | O | P | Вопросы и ответы | Язык R | С | T | U | Версия | Н | X | Y | Гармошкой A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z