Alpine linux установка wifi

Connecting to a wireless access point

This document describes how to set up a wireless network connection with WPA encryption.

Contents

Install necessary drivers and software

First make sure your wireless drivers are loaded properly. (if you are using a Broadcom chipset, see the section at the bottom of this post.)

Install wireless-tools and wpa_supplicant , which are probably available to be installed in the base setup.

apk add wireless-tools wpa_supplicant

Manual Configuration

List your available network interfaces. If you don’t see any wireless interfaces (e.g. wlan0 ), you probably need to load and/or install drivers/firmware.

Bring up the desired interface.

ip link set wlan0 up

Use the interface to scan for wireless access points. Make sure the ESSID you want to connect to appears here.

iwlist wlan0 scanning

Associate the interface with desired ESSID.

iwconfig wlan0 essid ExampleWifi

Sanity check: the interface should be configured with ESSID:»ExampleWifi» .

Create a wpa_supplicant configuration stanza for the wireless access point.

wpa_passphrase ‘ExampleWifi’ ‘ExampleWifiPassword’ > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

(Access point not broadcasting its SSID requires additional line scan_ssid=1 in the file wpa_supplicant.conf )

Start wpa_supplicant in the foreground to make sure the connection succeeds.

wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

If all is well, run it as a daemon in the background by setting the -B option.

wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Configure the interface with an IP address.

Sanity check: the interface should have an inet address.

ip addr show wlan0

Automatic Configuration on System Boot

Add a stanza for the desired interface (e.g. wlan0 ) to /etc/network/interfaces :

Make sure /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf is the correct configuration for the wireless access point you want to connect to.

Bring the interface down.

ifconfig wlan0 down

Manually start wpa_supplicant.

If all is well (confirm with the sanity checks in Manual Configuration), configure wpa_supplicant to start automatically on boot.

rc-update add wpa_supplicant boot

Launching udhcpc through wpa_cli actions

With the above configuration, udhcpc will only run once at boot. If the Wifi isn’t available then, or the network changes in between, it needs to be notified. This is done through the wpa_cli action script in /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_cli.sh

Automatic Reconnection when WIFI signal is lost

To enable automatic reconnection when wifi signal is lost add these to config:

Contents of /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

rc-update add wpa_cli boot

Broadcom Wi-Fi Chipset Users

The Broadcom chipset is quite popular among older computers. You will need to compile the firmware manually for this chipset as it is not included.

You can check if you have a Broadcom chipset by using dmesg:

dmesg | grep Broadcom

First install the SDK and Git:

apk add alpine-sdk git

Then git clone aports from git.alpinelinux.org.

Change your directory to aports/non-free/b43-firmware, then build it.

Install the generated packge file (it will be in

/packages/) — make sure to pass —allow-untrusted

apk add —allow-untrusted

Now we need fwcutter, which is executed from the firmware package:

apk add b43-fwcutter b43-firmware

Now you need to use modprobe so the device will show up:

To automate this on startup add it to /etc/modules:

Источник

Raspberry Pi

Contents

This tutorial will help you install Alpine Linux on your Raspberry Pi.

Preparation

1. Download the Alpine for Raspberry Pi tarball. You should be safe using the armhf build on all versions of Raspberry Pi (including Pi Zero and Compute Modules); but it may perform less optimally on recent versions of Raspberry Pi. The armv7 build is compatible with Raspberry Pi 2 Model B. The aarch64 build should be compatible with Raspberry Pi 2 Model v1.2, Raspberry Pi 3 and Compute Module 3, and Raspberry Pi 4 model B.
2. Create a bootable FAT32 partition on your SD card. The partition type should be W95 FAT32 (LBA) . (The current type can be found in the «Type» column in the output of fdisk -l .) You can use a partitioning tool such as gnome-disks or fdisk.
3. Create a filesystem on the partition with mkdosfs -F 32 /dev/sdX1 (Replace sdX1 with the correct reference to the partition you just created.)
4. Mount the partition and extract the tarball contents onto it.

Optionally create a usercfg.txt file on the partition to configure low-level system settings. Specifications can be found here. However, note some settings can only be set directly in config.txt, which may be overwritten after updates. In particular, gpu_mem will have no effect when specified in usercfg.txt (source). Some interesting values include:

• To enable audio: dtparam=audio=on
• If you see black edges around your screen after booting the Pi, you can add disable_overscan=1

Recent versions include Broadcom firmware files. If you’re using an older Alpine version, see section below.

Installation

Alpine Linux will be installed in diskless mode, hence you need to use Alpine Local Backup (lbu) to save your modifications between reboots.

For users who will be using their Raspberry Pi in scenarios where there is not expected to be significant changes to disk after setup (like running a static HTTP server), this is likely preferable, as running the entire system from memory will improve performance (by avoiding the slow SD card) and improve the SD card life (by reducing the writes to the card, as all logging will happen in RAM). Diskless installations still allow you to install packages, save local files, and tune the system to your needs.

• Expect there will be constant changes to the disk after initial setup (for example, if you expect people to login and save files to their home directories)
• Need logs to persist after reboot
• Plan to install packages which consume more space than can be loaded into RAM
• Want to install kernel modules (such as ZFS or Wireguard)

Then you may be better served by a sys-mode installation.

Follow these steps to install Alpine Linux in Diskless Mode:

1. Insert the SD card into the Raspberry Pi and power it on
2. Login into the Alpine system as root. Leave the password empty.
3. Type setup-alpine
4. Once the installation is complete, commit the changes by typing lbu commit -d

Type reboot to verify that the installation was indeed successful.

Post Installation

Update the System

After installation, make sure your system is up-to-date:

apk update apk upgrade

Don’t forget to save the changes:

Note: this does not upgrade the kernel. In order to upgrade the kernel, a full upgrade of the Alpine Linux version must be performed as described in upgrading Alpine Linux for removable media.

Clock-related error messages

During the booting time, you might notice errors related to the hardware clock. The Raspberry Pi does not have a hardware clock, thus you need to disable the hwclock daemon and enable swclock:

rc-update add swclock boot # enable the software clock rc-update del hwclock boot # disable the hardware clock

Since the Raspberry Pi does not have a clock, Alpine Linux needs to know what the time is by using a Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon. Make sure you have a NTP daemon installed and running. If you are not sure, you can install an NTP client by running the following command:

The Busybox NTP client might be the most lightweight solution. Save the changes and reboot, once the NTP software is installed and running:

lbu commit -d reboot

After reboot, make sure the date command outputs the correct date and time.

WiFi on boot

If you have already configured WiFi during the setup, the connection will not return on reboot. You will need to start up a service to automatically connect to the wireless access point.

1. Run rc-update add wpa_supplicant boot to connect to the wireless access point during bootup.
2. Run it manually with /etc/init.d/wpa_supplicant start .

Enable OpenGL (Raspberry Pi 3/4)

Remount the boot partition writeable (i.e. /media/mmcblk0p1 ):

mount /media/mmcblk0p1 -o rw,remount

Add the following lines to /media/mmcblk0p1/config.txt :

256MB (and more on the Raspberry Pi 4) gpu_mem is also possible.

Install the Mesa drivers:

# Raspberry Pi 3: apk add mesa-dri-vc4 # Raspberry Pi 4: apk add mesa-dri-gallium

lbu_commit -d; reboot

WiFi drivers

As of Alpine 3.14, the WiFi drivers for the Raspberry Pi were moved from linux-firmware-brcm to the linux-firmware-cypress package (source?). Since the images seem to be an outdated version of the former, Wi-Fi will work during installation, but after the first update it will break. Use the ethernet interface to download the required packages:

apk add linux-firmware-cypress

Persistent storage

Loopback image with overlayfs

When you install Alpine in diskless mode, the entire system is loaded into memory at boot. If you want additional storage (for example, if you need more space than offered by your RAM) we need to create loop-back storage onto the SD card mounted with overlayfs.

First, make the SD card writable again and change fstab to always do so:

mount /media/mmcblk0p1 -o rw,remount sed -i ‘s/vfat\ ro,/vfat\ rw,/’ /etc/fstab

Create the loop-back file, this example is 1 GB:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/mmcblk0p1/persist.img bs=1024 count=0 seek=1048576

Install the ext utilities:

apk add e2fsprogs

Format the loop-back file:

Mount the storage:

echo «/media/mmcblk0p1/persist.img /media/persist ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0» >> /etc/fstab mkdir /media/persist mount -a

Make the overlay folders, we are using the /usr directory here, but you can use /home or anything else.

mkdir /media/persist/usr mkdir /media/persist/.work_usr echo «overlay /usr overlay lowerdir=/usr,upperdir=/media/persist/usr,workdir=/media/persist/.work_usr 0 0» >> /etc/fstab mount -a

Your /etc/fstab should look something like this:

/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0 /dev/usbdisk /media/usb vfat noauto,ro 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/mmcblk0p1 vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,errors=remount-ro 0 0 /media/mmcblk0p1/persist.img /media/persist ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0 overlay /usr overlay lowerdir=/usr,upperdir=/media/persist/usr,workdir=/media/persist/.work_usr 0 0

Now commit the changes: (optionally remove the e2fsprogs, but it does contain repair tools)

Remember, with this setup if you install things and you have done this overlay for /usr, you must not commit the ‘apk add’, otherwise, while it boots it will try and install it to memory, not to the persistent storage.

If you do want to install something small at boot, you can use `apk add` and `lbu commit -d`.

If it is something a bit bigger, then you can use `apk add` but then not commit it. It will be persistent (in /user), but be sure to check everything you need is in that directory and not in folders you have not made persistent.

Traditional disk-based (sys) installation

It should be merged with Classic install or sys mode on Raspberry Pi. There’s an existing page for sys-installations on RasPi. (Discuss)

It is also possible to switch to a fully disk-based installation. This is not yet formally supported, but can be done somewhat manually. This frees all the memory otherwise needed for the root filesystem, allowing more installed packages.

Split your SD card into two partitions: the FAT32 boot partition described above (in this example it’ll be mmcblk0p1 ) , and a second partition to hold the root filesystem (here it’ll be mmcblk0p2 ). Boot and configure your diskless system as above, then create a root filesystem:

apk add e2fsprogs mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p2

Now do a disk install via a mountpoint. The setup-disk script will give some errors about syslinux/extlinux, but you can ignore them. The Raspberry Pi doesn’t need them to boot.

mkdir /stage mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /stage setup-disk -o /media/mmcblk0p1/MYHOSTNAME.apkovl.tar.gz /stage # (ignore errors about syslinux/extlinux)

Add a line to /stage/etc/fstab to mount the Pi’s boot partition again:

/dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/mmcblk0p1 vfat defaults 0 0

Now add a root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 parameter to the Pi’s boot command line, either cmdline-rpi2.txt or cmdline-rpi.txt depending on model:

mount -o remount,rw /media/mmcblk0p1 sed -i ‘$ s/$/ root=\/dev\/mmcblk0p2/’ /media/mmcblk0p1/cmdline-rpi2.txt

You might also consider overlaytmpfs=yes here, which will cause the underlying SD card root filesystem to be mounted read-only, with an overlayed tmpfs for modifications which will be discarded at shutdown.

N.B. the contents of /boot will be ignored when the Pi boots. It will use the kernel, initramfs, and modloop images from the FAT32 boot partition. To update the kernel, initfs or modules, you will need to manually (generate and) copy these to the boot partition or you could use bind mount, in which case, copying the files to boot partition manually, is not needed.

echo /media/mmcblk0p1/boot /boot none defaults,bind 0 0 >> /etc/fstab

Persistent Installation on Raspberry Pi 3

Persistent Installation on Raspberry Pi 4

As of 3.14, setup-alpine should ask you if you want to create a sys mode partition on your Raspberry Pi 4.

Troubleshooting

Long boot time when running headless

If no peripherals are connected, the system might hang for an exceptionally long period of time while it attempts to accumulate entropy.

If this is the case, simply plugging in any USB device should work around this issue.

Alternatively, installing haveged, the random numbers generator, would speed up the process:

(Tested on a raspberry pi zero W in headless mode, no USB connected, Alpine 3.10.3)

apk indicating ‘No space left on device’

Note some models of the Raspberry Pi such as the 3A+ only have 512M of RAM, which on fresh Alpine deployment will only leave around 200M for tmpfs root. It’s important to keep this limitation in mind when using these boards.

Wireless support with older Alpine images

If you need Wi-Fi, you’ll need to download the latest Broadcom drivers to your SD card. (Replace /mnt/sdcard with the correct mount point.)

Источник