Boot windows and linux from usb

Создание загрузочной флешки Windows 10 в Linux

Если вам по той или иной причине потребовалась загрузочная флешка Windows 10 (или другой версии ОС), при этом на имеющемся компьютере в наличии только Linux (Ubuntu, Mint, другие дистрибутивы), вы сравнительно легко можете записать её.

В этой инструкции пошагово о двух способах создать загрузочную флешку Windows 10 из Linux, которые подойдут как для установки на UEFI-системе, так и для того, чтобы установить ОС в Legacy режиме. Также могут пригодиться материалы: Лучшие программы для создания загрузочной флешки, Загрузочная флешка Windows 10.

Загрузочная флешка Windows 10 с помощью WoeUSB

Первый способ создания загрузочной флешки Windows 10 в Linux — использование бесплатной программы WoeUSB. Созданный с её помощью накопитель работает и в UEFI и в Legacy режиме.

Для установки программы используйте следующие команды в терминале

После установки порядок действий будет следующим:

1. Запустите программу.
2. Выберите ISO образ диска в разделе «From a disk image» (также, при желании, можно сделать загрузочную флешку с оптического диска или смонтированного образа).
3. В разделе «Target device» укажите флешку, на которую будет записан образ (данные с неё будут удалены).
4. Нажмите кнопку Install и дождитесь завершения записи загрузочной флешки.
5. При появлении ошибки с кодом 256 «Source media is currently mounted», размонтируйте образ ISO с Windows 10.
6. При ошибке «Target device is currently busy», размонтируйте и отключите флешку, затем снова подключите её, обычно помогает. Если не сработало, попробуйте предварительно отформатировать её.

На этом процесс записи завершен, можно использовать созданный USB накопитель для установки системы.

Создание загрузочной флешки Windows 10 в Linux без программ

Этот способ, пожалуй, ещё проще, но подойдет только в том случае, если вы планируете загружаться с созданного накопителя на UEFI-системе и устанавливать Windows 10 на GPT диск.

1. Отформатируйте флешку в FAT32, например, в приложении «Диски» в Ubuntu.
2. Смонтируйте образ ISO с Windows 10 и просто скопируйте всё его содержимое на отформатированную флешку.

Загрузочная флешка Windows 10 для UEFI готова и с неё можно без проблем загрузиться в EFI-режиме.

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Booting from USB Media: A Comprehensive Overview

While fans of different operating systems might debate which one is the most stable, reliable, flexible or user-friendly, there’s one inarguable point: Every machine – regardless of the OS – can run into issues.

And while users historically would pop a boot media disk into their DVD or CD drive, many computers no longer come with optical disk drives. As a result, booting from USB media is becoming the standard.

How you start that rescue media can vary depending on the operating system you are using, but there are a few general guidelines that can help get your machine started, regardless of the OS you prefer.

So if your system is unstable, you need to run a diagnostic tool on the hard drive, or you just want to load a Linux desktop just to see what it’s all about, let’s look at how you start your machine using rescue USB boot media.

How to boot a Mac from USB media

Getting your Mac to load from a USB drive is fairly straightforward.

1. Insert the USB boot media into an open USB slot.
2. Press the Power button to turn on your Mac (or Restart your Mac if it’s already on).
3. When you hear the startup chime, press and hold the Option key. Holding that key gives you access to OS X’s Startup Manager. Once the Startup Manager screen appears, release the Option key. The utility will look for any available drives that include bootable content.
4. Using either the pointer or arrow keys on the keyboard, select the USB drive you wish to boot from.
5. Once selected, either hit the Return key or double-click your selection. The machine will start to boot from the USB drive.

NOTE: Have multiple USB devices connected to your Mac? Don’t worry. The Startup Manager only lists drives that include bootable content.

Boot from USB: Windows

Starting your PC using USB rescue media is not difficult, although it first requires an adjustment in the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). That’s because the BIOS settings include the boot sequence the machine follows when starting up. The boot order tells the machine which devices to search for the software needed to launch the computer and the priority each device in that search.

If you’re booting from USB media, you must change the BIOS boot order so the USB device is listed first. Otherwise the computer will load from the hard drive as normal.

Start by plugging the thumb drive into a USB port. Then to change the BIOS boot sequence:

1. Press the Power button for your computer.
2. During the initial startup screen, press ESC, F1, F2, F8 or F10. (Depending on the company that created your version of BIOS, a menu may appear.)
3. When you choose to enter BIOS Setup, the setup utility page will appear.
4. Using the arrow keys on your keyboard, select the BOOT tab. All of the available system devices will be displayed in order of their boot priority. You can reorder the devices here.
5. Move USB to be first in the boot sequence.

NOTE: If you cannot find USB or Removable Devices among the device options, your BIOS may list it under Hard Drive Devices. In that case, you’ll need to:

• Move Hard Drive Devices to the top
• Expand to show all hard drive device options
• Move USB device to the top of that hard drive list

Save the change and then exit the BIOS Setup.

The computer will restart using the new settings, booting from your USB drive.

Stay alert! Depending on your BIOS, you may be prompted with a message to Press any key to boot from external device and you will only have a few seconds to respond. If you do nothing, your computer will go to the next device in the boot sequence list, which will likely be your hard drive.

In the future, your computer will first check the USB port for boot media when starting up. That won’t be a problem, since the BIOS will move to the next device in the boot sequence . unless you keep the boot media in the USB port. Then the system will launch from that device every time.

Linux USB Boot Process

To boot Ubuntu from USB media, the process is very similar to the Windows instructions above.

1. Confirm the BIOS boot sequence lists the USB drive first, or make that change as needed.
2. After the USB flash drive is inserted into the USB port, press the Power button for your machine (or Restart if the computer is running).
3. The installer boot menu will load, where you will select Run Ubuntu from this USB.
4. Ubuntu will launch and you can begin to working in the system – setting preferences, reconfiguring the system as needed, or running any diagnostic tools.

Creating USB boot media

Regardless of the operating system you are using, booting your machine from USB media does not need to be difficult. A general understanding how your system loads can provide the basics needed to understand what is going on when you use boot media.

Creating USB boot media doesn’t need to be difficult either, although there are several options to consider.

For Mac users, we recommend visiting Apple’s support page on USB boot media. It provides guidance that is specific to the iteration of OS X you are running (i.e. Sierra, High Sierra, Yosemite, etc.) to help you get the boot version you need.

Windows and Linux users might consider Acronis Disk Director 12, which includes an intuitive Boot Media Builder that streamlines the process and offers tremendous flexibility for the type and kind of boot media you can create, including WinPE media.

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Boot windows and linux from usb

With a bootable Ubuntu USB stick, you can:

• Install or upgrade Ubuntu
• Test out the Ubuntu desktop experience without touching your PC configuration
• Boot into Ubuntu on a borrowed machine or from an internet cafe
• Use tools installed by default on the USB stick to repair or fix a broken configuration

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB stick from Microsoft Windows is very simple and we’re going to cover the process in the next few steps.

Alternatively, we also have tutorials to help you create a bootable USB stick from both Ubuntu and Apple macOS.

2. Requirements

• A 4GB or larger USB stick/flash drive
• Microsoft Windows XP or later
• Rufus, a free and open source USB stick writing tool
• An Ubuntu ISO file. See Get Ubuntu for download links

Take note of where your browser saves downloads: this is normally a directory called ‘Downloads’ on your Windows PC. Don’t download the ISO image directly to the USB stick! If using Windows XP or Vista, download version 2.18 of Rufus.

3. USB selection

Perform the following to configure your USB device in Rufus:

1. Launch Rufus
2. Insert your USB stick
3. Rufus will update to set the device within the Device field
4. If the Device selected is incorrect (perhaps you have multiple USB storage devices), select the correct one from the device field’s drop-down menu

You can avoid the hassle of selecting from a list of USB devices by ensuring no other devices are connected.

4. Boot selection and Partition scheme

Now choose the Boot selection. Choices will be Non bootable and FreeDOS. Since you are creating a bootable Ubuntu device select FreeDOS.

The default selections for Partition scheme (MBR) and Target system (BIOS (or UEFI-CSM)) are appropriate (and are the only options available).

5. Select the Ubuntu ISO file

To select the Ubuntu ISO file you downloaded previously, click the SELECT to the right of “Boot selection”. If this is the only ISO file present in the Downloads folder you will only see one file listed.

Select the appropriate ISO file and click on Open.

6. Write the ISO

The Volume label will be updated to reflect the ISO selected.

Leave all other parameters with their default values and click START to initiate the write process.

7. Additional downloads

You may be alerted that Rufus requires additional files to complete writing the ISO. If this dialog box appears, select Yes to continue.

8. Write warnings

You will then be alerted that Rufus has detected that the Ubuntu ISO is an ISOHybrid image. This means the same image file can be used as the source for both a DVD and a USB stick without requiring conversion.

Keep Write in ISO Image mode selected and click on OK to continue.

Rufus will also warn you that all data on your selected USB device is about to be destroyed. This is a good moment to double check you’ve selected the correct device before clicking OK when you’re confident you have.

If your USB stick contains multiple partitions Rufus will warn you in a separate pane that these will also be destroyed.

9. Writing the ISO

The ISO will now be written to your USB stick, and the progress bar in Rufus will give you some indication of where you are in the process. With a reasonably modern machine, this should take around 10 minutes. Total elapsed time is shown in the lower right corner of the Rufus window.

10. Installation complete

When Rufus has finished writing the USB device, the Status bar will be green filled and the word READY will appear in the center. Select CLOSE to complete the write process.

Congratulations! You now have Ubuntu on a USB stick, bootable and ready to go.

If you want to install Ubuntu, take a look at our install Ubuntu desktop tutorial.

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