Build linux command line

How To Compile And Run a C/C++ Code In Linux

I am a new Linux user and student who used to write C or C++ programs on MS-Windows. Now, I am using Ubuntu Linux. How can I compile a C or C++ program on Linux operating systems using bash Terminal application?

To compile a C or C++ program on any Linux distro such as Ubuntu, Red Hat, Fedora, Debian and other Linux distro you need to install:

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	No
Requirements	GNU C/C++ compiler
Est. reading time	2 minutes

1. GNU C and C++ compiler collection
2. Development tools
3. Development libraries
4. IDE or text editor to write programs

Step #1: Install C/C++ compiler and related tools

If you are using Fedora, Red Hat, CentOS, or Scientific Linux, use the following yum command to install GNU c/c++ compiler:
# yum groupinstall ‘Development Tools’
If you are using Debian or Ubuntu Linux, type the following apt-get command to install GNU c/c++ compiler:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev

Step #2: Verify installation

Type the following command to display the version number and location of the compiler on Linux:
$ whereis gcc
$ which gcc
$ gcc —version
Sample outputs:

Fig. 01: GNU C/C++ compilers on Linux

How to Compile and Run C/C++ program on Linux

Create a file called demo.c using a text editor such as vi, emacs or joe:

How do I compile the program on Linux?

Use any one of the following syntax to compile the program called demo.c:

In this example, compile demo.c, enter:

If there is no error in your code or C program then the compiler will successfully create an executable file called demo in the current directory, otherwise you need fix the code. To verify this, type:
$ ls -l demo*

How do I run or execute the program called demo on Linux?

Simply type the the program name:
$ ./demo
OR
$ /path/to/demo
Samples session:

Animated gif 01: Compile and run C and C++ program demo

Compiling and running a simple C++ program

Create a program called demo2.C as follows:

To compile this program, enter:

To run this program, type:

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How do I generate symbolic information for gdb and warning messages?

The syntax is as follows C compiler:
cc -g -Wall input.c -o executable
The syntax is as follows C++ compiler:
g++ -g -Wall input.C -o executable

How do I generate optimized code on a Linux machine?

The syntax is as follows C compiler:
cc -O input.c -o executable
The syntax is as follows C++ compiler:
g++ -O -Wall input.C -o executable

How do I compile a C program that uses math functions?

The syntax is as follows when need pass the -lm option with gcc to link with the math libraries:
cc myth1.c -o executable -lm

How do I compile a C++ program that uses Xlib graphics functions?

The syntax is as follows when need pass the -lX11 option with gcc to link with the Xlib libraries:
g++ fireworks.C -o executable -lX11

How do I compile a program with multiple source files?

The syntax is as follows if the source code is in several files (such as light.c, sky.c, fireworks.c):
cc light.c sky.c fireworks.c -o executable
C++ syntax is as follows if the source code is in several files:
g++ ac.C bc.C file3.C -o my-program-name
See gcc(1) Linux and Unix man page for more information.

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Comments on this entry are closed.

thank you so much ur solution gave a relief…
it made my gcc command to work

Very nice article…..

In Fig. 01, you did “whereis” twice. Shouldn’t it be “which” the second time? Thanks for the tut though. Big fan!

Another mistake, please change the following comment:
## assuming that executable-file-name.c exists ##
to
## assuming that program-source-code.c exists in the current directory ##

how to compile a program that use math functions and other things?

For the sake of supplying an example, let’s say you want to use the cosine function. This is supplied in the Linux math library. The cosine function is called ‘cos()’. Similarly, the sine function is called ‘sin()’.

First, to find information about how to use them, type “man cos” in a terminal session. This gives you the manual page for the cosine function. The output from ‘man’ may vary for your system, but it likely tells you three things: 1. first, include the math.h header, 2. cos() takes a ‘double’ as its argument and it returns a double as its output, 3. to build your program, tell the C compiler to include the math library (-lm).

Here’s a sample program that does all of this:

Love it!
Thank you. I have a trouble in doing step 1 and 2. But they are fixed.

thank u ,
need pdf of the commands guide to access the c/c++/java.

to compile and run a c++ program in ubuntu follow these simple steps:
1 open terminal window.
2 type “gedit” .
3 A gedit window will appear whereyou can write your program.
4 save your program as “filename.cpp” on desktop, “.cpp” is compulsory.
5 open terminal again and type “cd Desktop”.
6 In second line type “g++ filename.cpp”.
7 Type “./a.out”.
NOW YOUR WILL RUN.

very nice to your step.
thanks

Thanks! This article really helped me to find the GNU compiler in a Linux Operating System and showed me how to compile a C program.

dear sir,
what is the procedure to run .cpp program in linux distro debian 5 ?

just about to get around to learning c along with teaching my sons it. i had no idea where to start, the first page i checked is a bumper bonanza.

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Setting up the Build Environment (Linux/Ubuntu)В¶

This article shows how to setup your build environment on Linux/Ubuntu machines.

Setup on Ubuntu¶

Get git¶

Git is a free and open source distributed version control system that is used to manage ArduPilot codebase. Git is available on all major OS platforms, and a variety of tools exist to make it easier to get started.

Git command line¶

Ubuntu¶

Linux/Ubuntu users can install with apt :

• sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get install git
• sudo apt-get install gitk git-gui

Windows and other Systems¶

Recommended GUI Tools¶

The git command line, gitk and git-gui tools are the basics that all users should have installed and are available from a few places.

A comprehensive list of GUI tools are listed here on git-scm.com but here are a few of the developer favourites:

• GitHub Desktop for Windows and Mac is an easy to use tool with good GitHub integration but has fewer features than other clients.
• Sourcetree for Windows and Mac OSX is a full featured tool with a nice interface with many features including allowing individual lines from a file to be included in a new commit (simpler tools only allow the entire file to be included)
• GitKraken is a a full featured tool for Windows, Mac and Linux

Clone ArduPilot repository¶

“Cloning” is git’s term for making a local copy of a remote repository (i.e. one held on the GitHub servers).

Developers should clone the main ArduPilot repository (if they simply want to download and compile the latest code) or their own fork (if they want to make changes to the source code and potentially submit changes back).

Instructions for commonly used tools are below but whichever tool is used, the URL for the source repo will be required. This can be found on the right side of the screen on each Github repository home page but in general the URL is:

• https://github.com/ArduPilot/ardupilot.git for the main ardupilot repo
• https://github.com/your-github-account/ardupilot for your fork of the ardupilot repo

Cloning with the command line¶

open a terminal and navigate to the directory where you would like the clone to be stored

clone your fork:

in case some firewalls do not allow ssh access which can cause the above submodule updates to fail, in this instance you can tell git to unilaterally use https through the following command:

to use https protocols instead of the default git:// prefix.

Install some required packages¶

If you are on a debian based system (such as Ubuntu or Mint), we provide a script that will do it for you. From ardupilot directory :

Reload the path (log-out and log-in to make permanent):

Now you should be able to build with waf as described in BUILD.md.

At this point you have already installed the MAVProxy Ground Control Station (MAVProxy GCS) and are also ready to do Software In the Loop (SITL) simulations of the vehicle code. See SITL Simulator (Software in the Loop) and Setting up SITL on Linux . You are ready to not only build the code, but run your build in the Ardupilot SITL simulator.

Cleaning¶

If there have been updates to some git submodules you may need to do a full clean build. To do that use:

that will remove the build artifacts so you can do a build from scratch

Setup for other Distributions Using the STM Toolchain¶

Add some directories to your search path (Facultative)В¶

ONLY if you didn’t run the install-prereqs script from previous step.

Add the following lines to the end of your “.bashrc” in your home directory (notice the . on the start of that filename. Also, this is a hidden file, so if you’re using a file manager, make sure to turn on “show hidden files”).

Then reload your PATH by using the “dot” command in a terminal

Do not use this if you have already use the install-prereqs-ubuntu.sh script !

To build for a autopilot target on Linux you need the following tools and git repositories:

• The gcc-arm cross-compiler from here (ArduPilot is only built and tested on these specific versions of gcc-arm; if installed with apt-get gcc-arm will not produce a working binary in many cases)
• gnu make, gawk and associated standard Linux build tools
• On a 64 bit system you will also need to have installed libc6-i386.

Also, it’s worth mentioning here that you want to ensure that the modemmanager package is not installed and the modem-manager process is not running.

Compiler¶

You need the specific gcc-arm cross-compiler linked above. You need to unpack it where you want, for now let’s call this location TARGET_DIR:

and then add the bin directory from the tarball to your $PATH by editing the $HOME/.bashrc file and adding a line like this to the end. TARGET_DIR is the location choose previouly where you unpack the toolchain:

Permissions¶

You need to make your user a member of the dialout group:

You will need to log out and then log back in for the group change to take effect.

Now you should be able to build with waf as described in BUILD.md.

ccache for faster builds¶

Installing ccache will speed up your builds a lot. Once you install it (for example with “sudo apt-get install ccache”) you should link the compiler into /usr/lib/ccache like this:

Then add /usr/lib/ccache to the front of your $PATH

Additional Steps for macOS mojave¶

Due to some changes binutils installed via brew have stopped working for macOS mojave leading to crashing builds. So if installed, remove via following command:

Also you will need to install the c++ include headers to /usr/include to do that. Run the following in commandline and follow the installation routine:

Setup using Docker¶

Clone ArduPilot repository¶

“Cloning” is git’s term for making a local copy of a remote repository (i.e. one held on the GitHub servers).

Developers should clone the main ArduPilot repository (if they simply want to download and compile the latest code) or their own fork (if they want to make changes to the source code and potentially submit changes back).

Instructions for commonly used tools are below but whichever tool is used, the URL for the source repo will be required. This can be found on the right side of the screen on each Github repository home page but in general the URL is:

• https://github.com/ArduPilot/ardupilot.git for the main ardupilot repo
• https://github.com/your-github-account/ardupilot for your fork of the ardupilot repo

Cloning with the command line¶

open a terminal and navigate to the directory where you would like the clone to be stored

clone your fork:

How to Build the Docker Image¶

Build the docker image and tag it with the name ardupilot:

Run ArduPilot Container¶

The following command runs the docker container, linking your current directory with the ardupilot source, and launches an interactive shell inside the container. From here you can build ardupilot:

© Copyright 2021, ArduPilot Dev Team.

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