Password Policy
Applies to
An overview of password policies for Windows and links to information for each policy setting.
In many operating systems, the most common method to authenticate a user’s identity is to use a secret passphrase or password. A secure network environment requires all users to use strong passwords, which have at least eight characters and include a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols. These passwords help prevent the compromise of user accounts and administrative accounts by unauthorized users who use manual methods or automated tools to guess weak passwords. Strong passwords that are changed regularly reduce the likelihood of a successful password attack.
Introduced in Windows ServerВ 2008В R2 and Windows ServerВ 2008, Windows supports fine-grained password policies. This feature provides organizations with a way to define different password and account lockout policies for different sets of users in a domain. Fine-grained password policies apply only to user objects (or inetOrgPerson objects if they are used instead of user objects) and global security groups. For more details, see AD DS Fine-Grained Password and Account Lockout Policy Step-by-Step Guide.
To apply a fine-grained password policy to users of an OU, you can use a shadow group. A shadow group is a global security group that is logically mapped to an OU to enforce a fine-grained password policy. You add users of the OU as members of the newly created shadow group and then apply the fine-grained password policy to this shadow group. You can create additional shadow groups for other OUs as needed. If you move a user from one OU to another, you must update the membership of the corresponding shadow groups.
Fine-grained password policies include attributes for all the settings that can be defined in the default domain policy (except Kerberos settings) in addition to account lockout settings. When you specify a fine-grained password policy, you must specify all of these settings. By default, only members of the Domain Admins group can set fine-grained password policies. However, you can also delegate the ability to set these policies to other users. The domain must be running at least Windows ServerВ 2008В R2 or Windows ServerВ 2008 to use fine-grained password policies. Fine-grained password policies cannot be applied to an organizational unit (OU) directly.
You can enforce the use of strong passwords through an appropriate password policy. There are password policy settings that control the complexity and lifetime of passwords, such as the Passwords must meet complexity requirements policy setting.
You can configure the password policy settings in the following location by using the Group Policy Management Console:
Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Account Policies\Password Policy
This group policy is applied on the domain level. If individual groups require distinct password policies, consider using fine-grained password policies, as described above.
The following topics provide a discussion of password policy implementation and best practices considerations, policy location, default values for the server type or GPO, relevant differences in operating system versions, security considerations (including the possible vulnerabilities of each setting), countermeasures that you can take, and the potential impact for each setting.
Политика паролей Password Policy
Относится к: Applies to
Обзор политик паролей для Windows и ссылки на сведения для каждого параметра политики. An overview of password policies for Windows and links to information for each policy setting.
Во многих операционных системах самым распространенным методом проверки подлинности пользователя является использование секретной passphrase или пароля. In many operating systems, the most common method to authenticate a user’s identity is to use a secret passphrase or password. Для безопасной сетевой среды всем пользователям необходимо использовать надежные пароли, которые имеют по крайней мере восемь символов и включают сочетание букв, номеров и символов. A secure network environment requires all users to use strong passwords, which have at least eight characters and include a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols. Эти пароли помогают предотвратить компрометации учетных записей пользователей и административных учетных записей несанкционированными пользователями, которые используют методы вручную или автоматические средства для угадать слабые пароли. These passwords help prevent the compromise of user accounts and administrative accounts by unauthorized users who use manual methods or automated tools to guess weak passwords. Надежные пароли, которые регулярно меняются, уменьшают вероятность успешной атаки пароля. Strong passwords that are changed regularly reduce the likelihood of a successful password attack.
Windows, представленная Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008, поддерживает политики точного пароля. Introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008, Windows supports fine-grained password policies. Эта функция позволяет организациям определять различные политики блокировки паролей и учетных записей для различных наборов пользователей в домене. This feature provides organizations with a way to define different password and account lockout policies for different sets of users in a domain. Мелкозернистые политики паролей применяются только к объектам пользователей (или объектам inetOrgPerson, если они используются вместо объектов пользователей) и глобальным группам безопасности. Fine-grained password policies apply only to user objects (or inetOrgPerson objects if they are used instead of user objects) and global security groups. Дополнительные сведения см. в руководстве AD DS Fine-Grained пароль и политика блокировки учетных записей пошаговая. For more details, see AD DS Fine-Grained Password and Account Lockout Policy Step-by-Step Guide.
Чтобы применить политику точного пароля к пользователям OU, можно использовать группу теней. To apply a fine-grained password policy to users of an OU, you can use a shadow group. Теневая группа — это глобальная группа безопасности, которая логически соедуется с OU для применения политики точного пароля. A shadow group is a global security group that is logically mapped to an OU to enforce a fine-grained password policy. Вы добавляете пользователей OU в состав недавно созданной теневой группы, а затем применяйте политику точного пароля к этой теневой группе. You add users of the OU as members of the newly created shadow group and then apply the fine-grained password policy to this shadow group. При необходимости можно создать дополнительные группы теней для других OUs. You can create additional shadow groups for other OUs as needed. При переходе пользователя из одного OU в другой необходимо обновить членство соответствующих теневых групп. If you move a user from one OU to another, you must update the membership of the corresponding shadow groups.
Мелкозернистые политики паролей включают атрибуты для всех параметров, которые можно определить в политике домена по умолчанию (кроме параметров Kerberos) в дополнение к настройкам блокировки учетной записи. Fine-grained password policies include attributes for all the settings that can be defined in the default domain policy (except Kerberos settings) in addition to account lockout settings. При указании политики точного пароля необходимо указать все эти параметры. When you specify a fine-grained password policy, you must specify all of these settings. По умолчанию политики паролей могут устанавливаться только членами группы администраторов домена. By default, only members of the Domain Admins group can set fine-grained password policies. Однако вы также можете делегировать возможность устанавливать эти политики другим пользователям. However, you can also delegate the ability to set these policies to other users. Домен должен работать по крайней мере Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008, чтобы использовать мелкозернистые политики паролей. The domain must be running at least Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2008 to use fine-grained password policies. Политики точного пароля не могут применяться непосредственно к организационному подразделению (OU). Fine-grained password policies cannot be applied to an organizational unit (OU) directly.
Использование надежных паролей можно применять с помощью соответствующей политики паролей. You can enforce the use of strong passwords through an appropriate password policy. Существуют параметры политики паролей, которые контролируют сложность и **** срок службы паролей, например, пароли должны соответствовать требованиям политики сложности. There are password policy settings that control the complexity and lifetime of passwords, such as the Passwords must meet complexity requirements policy setting.
Параметры политики паролей можно настроить в следующем расположении с помощью консоли управления групповой политикой: You can configure the password policy settings in the following location by using the Group Policy Management Console:
Конфигурация компьютера\Параметры Windows\Параметры безопасности\Политики учетной записи\Политика паролей Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Account Policies\Password Policy
Эта политика группы применяется на уровне домена. This group policy is applied on the domain level. Если отдельным группам требуются отдельные политики паролей, рассмотрите возможность использования мелкозернистой политики паролей, как описано выше. If individual groups require distinct password policies, consider using fine-grained password policies, as described above.
В следующих темах рассматриваются соображения реализации политики паролей и наилучшей практики, расположение политики, значения по умолчанию для типа сервера или GPO, соответствующие различия в версиях операционной системы, соображения безопасности (в том числе возможные уязвимости каждого параметра), меры противодействия, которые можно принять, а также возможные последствия для каждого параметра. The following topics provide a discussion of password policy implementation and best practices considerations, policy location, default values for the server type or GPO, relevant differences in operating system versions, security considerations (including the possible vulnerabilities of each setting), countermeasures that you can take, and the potential impact for each setting.
How to Configure Security Policy Settings
Applies To: Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8
This procedural topic for the IT professional describes steps to configure a security policy setting on the local computer, on a domain-joined computer, and on a domain controller.
This topic pertains to the versions of Windows designated in the Applies To list above. Some of the user interface elements that are described in this topic might differ from version to version.
You must have Administrators rights on the local computer, or you must have the appropriate permissions to update a Group Policy Object (GPO) on the domain controller to perform these procedures.
When a local setting is inaccessible, it indicates that a GPO currently controls that setting.
In this topic
To configure a setting for your local computer
To open Local Security Policy, on the Start screen, type, secpol.msc.
Navigate the console tree to Local Computer Policy\Windows Settings\Security Settings
Under Security Settings of the console tree, do one of the following:
Click Account Policies to edit the Password Policy or Account Lockout Policy.
Click Local Policies to edit an Audit Policy, a User Rights Assignment, or Security Options.
When you find the policy setting in the details pane, double-click the security policy that you want to modify.
Modify the security policy setting, and then click OK.
Some security policy settings require that the computer be restarted before the setting takes effect. Any change to the user rights assignment for an account becomes effective the next time the owner of the account logs on.
To configure a setting for computer that is joined to a domain
The following procedure describes how to configure a security policy setting for a Group Policy Object when you are on a workstation or server that is joined to a domain.
You must have the appropriate permissions to install and use the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), and to update a Group Policy Object (GPO) on the domain controller to perform these procedures.
To open the MMC and add the Group Policy Object Editor, on the Start screen, typeВ mmc.msc.
On the File menu of the MMC, click Add/Remove snap-in, and then click Add.
In Add Standalone Snap-in, double-click Group Policy Object Editor.
In Select Group Policy Object, click Browse, browse to the GPO you would like to modify, and then click Finish.
Click Close, and then click OK.
This procedure added the snap-in to the MMC.
In the console tree, locate GroupPolicyObject [ComputerName] Policy, click Computer Configuration, click Windows Settings, and then click Security Settings.
Do one of the following:
Click Account Policies to edit the Password Policy or Account Lockout Policy.
Click Local Policies to edit an Audit Policy, a User Rights Assignment, or Security Options.
Click Event Log to edit event log settings.
In the details pane, double-click the security policy setting that you want to modify.
If this security policy has not yet been defined, select the Define these policy settings check box.
Modify the security policy setting and then click OK.
To configure a setting for a domain controller
The following procedure describes how to configure a security policy setting for only a domain controller (from the domain controller).
To open the domain controller security policy, in the console tree, locate GroupPolicyObject [ComputerName] Policy, click Computer Configuration, click Windows Settings, and then click Security Settings.
Do one of the following:
Double-click Account Policies to edit the Password Policy, Account Lockout Policy, or Kerberos Policy.
Click Local Policies to edit the Audit Policy, a User Rights Assignment, or Security Options.
Click Event Log to edit event log settings.
In the details pane, double-click the security policy that you want to modify.
If this security policy has not yet been defined, select the Define these policy settings check box.
Modify the security policy setting, and then click OK.
Always test a newly created policy in a test organizational unit before you apply it to your network. When you change a security setting through a GPO and click OK , that setting will take effect the next time you refresh the settings.
