Create mount points linux

create new mount point in ubuntu

I have already installed ubuntu in one of my server and it looks like below

Here i want to create a new mount point called «/app» from the storage of «/home»

How can i do this in ubuntu server?

1 Answer 1

There are 3 ways to do this. And I’m guessing here because it’s hard to understand what exactly you want.

1. Just create a symbolic link
2. Take use of the «bind» feature
3. Make a disk image file and mount that

Senario 1.

We have /home mounted with all our disk storage, and now we want /app to just use the same directory as /home. Well just create a symbolic link.

Now When you go into /app you will be in /home. Just know that symlink is treated like a file not directory. In case you need to monitor it from a script etc.

Senario 2.

You require it to be mounted, then we can use the «bind» feature of mount. You create a bind mount like this.

Now /app is the same as /home on a disk level/ mount level. Also remember that if you want it to be more permanently as mounting it at boot time you need to add it to /etc/fstab

Senario 3.

Let’s say you have all the storage space available at /home, and you need /app to be a separate mount point with it own storage. You could use the bind function to etc. mount /home/app to /app. This makes most sense. But you could also create a disk image file to hold your partition. This last method is not recommended but included to cover most options.

This will mount you disk image as /app and the «image» is contained on your main storage device.

Hope this helps, I recommend scenario/option 1 and 2.

PS.

Also you could look into shrinking your /home partition to free up partition table space and create a new separate for /app. But I don’t recommend this for someone who don’t know much about disk tables. This could potentially lead to loss of data.

Источник

Ubuntu Documentation

Introduction

While it’s not every day that you need to add a new hard drive to your computer, the task does not have to be complicated. Use this guide to help you install a new hard drive with an existing Ubuntu system, and partition it for use. Before beginning, you need to consider for what you will be using the hard drive.

• Will the drive be used only with Ubuntu?
• Will the drive need to be accessible from both Ubuntu and Windows?
• How do you want to divide the free space? As a single partition, or as several?
• Do you want any of the partitions to be larger than 2 TB?

This guide goes over procedures for a single partition drive install only. Multiple partition drive installations are not very hard, and you may very well figure it out by using this guide; however, make sure you add an entry in /etc/fstab for each partition, not just the drive.

A Note about File Systems:

Drives that are going to be used only under Ubuntu should be formatted using the ext3/ext4 file system (depending on which version of Ubuntu you use and whether you need Linux backwards compatibility). For sharing between Ubuntu and Windows, FAT32 is often the recommended file system, although NTFS works quite well too. If you are new to file systems and partitioning, please do some preliminary research on the two before you attempt this procedure.

Determine Drive Information

We assume that the hard drive is physically installed and detected by the BIOS.

To determine the path that your system has assigned to the new hard drive, open a terminal and run:

This should produce output similar to this sample:

Be sure to note the «logical name» entry, as it will be used several times throughout this guide.

Partition The Disk

If you have already formatted the drive and it contains data, skip this step and move on to «Mount Point.» If the drive is still blank and unformatted, then you have two options: formatting the drive using the command line, or installing GParted for a graphical approach. Decide whether you want the drive to contain one single partition, or if you want to divide the space up between two or more partitions.

Partitioning Using GParted

If System > Administration > GNOME Partition Editor (or ‘Partition Editor’) is not available, install «GParted» using «sudo apt-get install gparted» from the command line, «Add/Remove Software» (or «Add/Remove. «) from the Applications menu, or «Synaptic Package Manager» from the System > Administration menu. Open GParted and let’s get started.

Always use gksu or gksudo for graphical applications like gparted and sudo for command line applications, like apt-get.

In the top-right corner of the window, choose your new hard drive from the drop-down list, referring back to the «logical name» from earlier. The window should refresh and show you a representation of the new drive. Assuming that the drive has yet to have been used, a white bar will run across the window. Use these steps to partition the drive with a single partition.

1) Right-click on the white bar and choose «New.»

2) For «New Size» the number should be the maximum allowable, to fill the entire disk.

3) Choose «Primary Partition»

4) Now decide on a filesystem. Use «ext3» if the drive will only be used with Ubuntu. For file-sharing between Ubuntu and Windows, you should use «fat32.» If you are unsure, search around the wiki and forums for advice.

5) Now click Add to compute the partition. The graphical display should update to show a new partition covering the entire disk.

6) To finish, click «Apply,» or Edit > Apply. The disk will then be partitioned and formatted. You may now close GParted.

Command Line Partitioning

There are two commands that can be used in the command line to partition a new drive: fdisk and parted. fdisk is an older program, and its main downside is that it can only create MBR partitions. parted allows you to create MBR or GPT partitions.

GPT vs MBR

MBR (Master Boot Record) has two main limitations: you cannot have a partition larger than 2 TB and you cannot have more than 4 primary partitions. GPT (GUID Partition Table) can do both of these things, but it is part of the EFI standard. This means your kernel must support EFI. The latest version of the kernel supports EFI, and almost all the latest distros do too.

fdisk

Refer back to the logical name you noted from earlier. For illustration, I’ll use /dev/sdb, and assume that you want a single partition on the disk, occupying all the free space.

If the number of cylinders in the disk is larger than 1024 (and large hard drives always have more), it could, in certain setups, cause problems with:

1. software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2. booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Otherwise, this will not negatively affect you.

1) Initiate fdisk with the following command:

2) Fdisk will display the following menu:

3) We want to add a new partition. Type «n» and press enter.

4) We want a primary partition. Enter «p» and enter.

5) Since this will be the only partition on the drive, number 1. Enter «1» and enter.

If it asks about the first cylinder, just type «1» and enter. (We are making 1 partition to use the whole disk, so it should start at the beginning.)

6) Now that the partition is entered, choose option «w» to write the partition table to the disk. Type «w» and enter.

7) If all went well, you now have a properly partitioned hard drive that’s ready to be formatted. Since this is the first partition, Linux will recognize it as /dev/sdb1, while the disk that the partition is on is still /dev/sdb.

parted

Refer back to the logical name you noted from earlier. For illustration, I’ll use /dev/sdb, and assume that you want a single partition on the disk, occupying all the free space.

1) Start parted as follows:

2) Create a new GPT disklabel (aka partition table):

3) Set the default unit to TB:

4) Create one partition occupying all the space on the drive. For a 4TB drive:

5) Check that the results are correct:

There should be one partition occupying the entire drive.

6) Save and quit «parted»:

Command Line Formatting

To format the new partition as ext4 file system (best for use under Ubuntu):

To format the new partition as fat32 file system (best for use under Ubuntu & Windows):

As always, substitute «/dev/sdb1» with your own partition’s path.

Modify Reserved Space (Optional)

When formatting the drive as ext2/ext3, 5% of the drive’s total space is reserved for the super-user (root) so that the operating system can still write to the disk even if it is full. However, for disks that only contain data, this is not necessary.

NOTE: You may run this command on a fat32 file system, but it will do nothing; therefore, I highly recommend not running it.

You can adjust the percentage of reserved space with the «tune2fs» command, like this:

This example reserves 1% of space — change this number if you wish.

Using this command does not change any existing data on the drive. You can use it on a drive which already contains data.

Create A Mount Point

Now that the drive is partitioned and formatted, you need to choose a mount point. This will be the location from which you will access the drive in the future. I would recommend using a mount point with «/media», as it is the default used by Ubuntu. For this example, we’ll use the path «/media/mynewdrive»

Now we are ready to mount the drive to the mount point.

Mount The Drive

You can choose to have the drive mounted automatically each time you boot the computer, or manually only when you need to use it.

Automatic Mount At Boot

Note: Ubuntu now recommends to use UUID instead, see the instructions here:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingUUID

You’ll need to edit /etc/fstab:

Add this line to the end (for ext3 file system):

Add this line to the end (for fat32 file system):

• The defaults part may allow you to read, but not write. To write other partition and FAT specific options must be used. If gnome nautilus is being used, use the right-click, mount method, from computer folder. Then launch the mount command from terminal, no options. The last entry should be the FAT drive and and look something like: All of the parts between the parenthesis are the mount options and should replace «defaults» in the fstab file. The «2» at the end instructs your system to run a quick file system check on the hard drive at every boot. Changing it to «0» will skip this. Run ‘man fstab’ for more info here.

You can now run «sudo mount -a» (or reboot the computer) to have the changes take effect.

If you want to allow a normal user to create files on this drive, you can either give this user ownership of the top directory of the drive filesystem: (replace USERNAME with the username)

or in a more flexible way, practical if you have several users, allow for instance the users in the plugdev group (usually those who are meant to be able to mount removable disks, desktop users) to create files and sub-directories on the disk:

The last «chmod +t» adds the sticky bit, so that people can only delete their own files and sub-directories in a directory, even if they have write permissions to it (see man chmod).

Manually Mount

Alternatively, you may want to manually mount the drive every time you need it.

For manual mounting, use the following command:

When you are finished with the drive, you can unmount it using:

That’s it

Need Additional Help?

If you run into problems or need more help, search the wiki or forums at http://ubuntuforums.org. If you cannot find what you are looking for, simply ask for help.

InstallingANewHardDrive (последним исправлял пользователь runverzagt 2019-01-25 15:30:08)

The material on this wiki is available under a free license, see Copyright / License for details
You can contribute to this wiki, see Wiki Guide for details

Источник

Create mount points linux

3.1.2.3. Mount points All partitions are attached to the system via a mount point. The mount point defines the place of a particular data set in the file system. Usually, all partitions are connected through the root partition. On this partition, which is indicated with the slash (/), directories are created. These empty directories will be the starting point of the partitions that are attached to them. An example: given a partition that holds the following directories: We want to attach this partition in the filesystem in a directory called /opt/media. In order to do this, the system administrator has to make sure that the directory /opt/media exists on the system. Preferably, it should be an empty directory. How this is done is explained later on in this chapter. Then, using the mount command, the administrator can attach the partition to the system. When you look at the content of the formerly empty directory /opt/media, it will contain the files and directories that are on the mounted medium (hard disk or partition of a hard disk, CD, DVD, flash card, USB or other storage device). During system startup, all the partitions are thus mounted, as described in the file /etc/fstab. Some partitions are not mounted by default, for instance if they are not constantly connected to the system, such like the storage used by your digital camera. If well configured, the device will be mounted as soon as the system notices that it is connected, or it can be user-mountable, i.e. you don’t need to be system administrator to attach and detach the device to and from the system. There is an example in Section 9.3. On a running system, information about the partitions and their mount points can be displayed using the df command (which stands for disk full or disk free). In Linux, df is the GNU version, and supports the -h or human readable option which greatly improves readability. Note that commercial UNIX machines commonly have their own versions of df and many other commands. Their behavior is usually the same, though GNU versions of common tools often have more and better features. The df command only displays information about active non-swap partitions. These can include partitions from other networked systems, like in the example below where the home directories are mounted from a file server on the network, a situation often encountered in corporate environments. Источник Оцените статью Вам также может понравиться Windows или Linux: Что лучше выбрать? Есть много причин выбирать между Windows и Linux, но Файл владелец изменить linux Команда Chown в Linux Chown Command in Linux (File Установка шлюза по умолчанию linux Настройка сети вручную Содержание Краткое описание Чем разбить диск для linux ИТ База знаний Курс по Asterisk Полезно — Узнать IP — Правообладателям Политика конфиденциальности Контакты