Cumulus linux от cumulus networks

Cumulus Linux 3.7 User Guide

NVIDIAВ® Cumulus Linux is the first full-featured Linux operating system for the networking industry. The Debian Jessie-based, networking-focused distribution runs on hardware produced by a broad partner ecosystem, ensuring unmatched customer choice regarding silicon, optics, cables, and systems.

This user guide provides in-depth documentation on the Cumulus Linux installation process, system configuration and management, network solutions, and monitoring and troubleshooting recommendations. In addition, the quick start guide provides an end-to-end setup process to get you started.

What’s New in this Release

For a list of the new features in this release, see What’s New. For bug fixes and known issues present in this release, refer to the Cumulus Linux 3.7 Release Notes.

Open Source Contributions

To implement various Cumulus Linux features, Cumulus Networks has forked various software projects, like CFEngine, Netdev and some Puppet Labs packages. The forked code resides in the Cumulus Networks GitHub repository.

Hardware Compatibility List

You can find the most up-to-date hardware compatibility list (HCL) here. Use the HCL to confirm that your switch model is supported by Cumulus Linux. The HCL is updated regularly, listing products by port configuration, manufacturer, and SKU part number.

Extended Support Release

This version of Cumulus Linux is an Extended Support Release (ESR). Cumulus Linux 3.7 ESR started with Cumulus Linux 3.7.12 and all future releases in the 3.7 product family will all be ESR releases. To learn about ESR, please read this article.

The PDF of the 3.7.12 ESR user guide is available here. PDFs of pre-ESR 3.7 versions are available below.

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Quick Start Guide

This quick start guide provides an end-to-end setup process for installing and running Cumulus Linux, as well as a collection of example commands for getting started after installation is complete.

Prerequisites

Intermediate-level Linux knowledge is assumed for this guide. You need to be familiar with basic text editing, Unix file permissions, and process monitoring. A variety of text editors are pre-installed, including vi and nano .

You must have access to a Linux or UNIX shell. If you are running Windows, use a Linux environment like Cygwin as your command line tool for interacting with Cumulus Linux.

If you are a networking engineer but are unfamiliar with Linux concepts, refer to this reference guide to compare the Cumulus Linux CLI and configuration options, and their equivalent Cisco Nexus 3000 NX-OS commands and settings. You can also watch a series of short videos introducing you to Linux and Cumulus Linux-specific concepts.

Install Cumulus Linux

To install Cumulus Linux, you use ONIE (Open Network Install Environment), an extension to the traditional U-Boot software that allows for automatic discovery of a network installer image. This facilitates the ecosystem model of procuring switches with an operating system choice, such as Cumulus Linux. The easiest way to install Cumulus Linux with ONIE is with local HTTP discovery:

If your host (laptop or server) is IPv6-enabled, make sure it is running a web server. If the host is IPv4-enabled, make sure it is running DHCP in addition to a web server.

Download the Cumulus Linux installation file to the root directory of the web server. Rename this file onie-installer .

Connect your host using an Ethernet cable to the management Ethernet port of the switch.

Power on the switch. The switch downloads the ONIE image installer and boots. You can watch the progress of the install in your terminal. After the installation completes, the Cumulus Linux login prompt appears in the terminal window.

These steps describe a flexible unattended installation method. You do not need a console cable. A fresh install with ONIE using a local web server typically completes in less than ten minutes.

You have more options for installing Cumulus Linux with ONIE. Read Installing a New Cumulus Linux Image to install Cumulus Linux using ONIE in the following ways:

• DHCP/web server with and without DHCP options
• Web server without DHCP
• FTP without a web server
• Local file
• USB

After installing Cumulus Linux, you are ready to:

• Log in to Cumulus Linux on the switch.
• Install the Cumulus Linux license.
• Configure Cumulus Linux. This quick start guide provides instructions on configuring switch ports and a loopback interface.

Get Started

When starting Cumulus Linux for the first time, the management port makes a DHCPv4 request. To determine the IP address of the switch, you can cross reference the MAC address of the switch with your DHCP server. The MAC address is typically located on the side of the switch or on the box in which the unit ships.

Login Credentials

The default installation includes the system account (root), with full system privileges and the user account (cumulus), with sudo privileges. The root account password is locked by default (which prohibits login). The cumulus account is configured with this default password:

When you log into Cumulus Linux for the first time with the cumulus account, you are prompted to change the default password. After you provide a new password, the SSH session disconnects and you have to reconnect with the new password.

ONIE includes options that allow you to change the default password for the cumulus account automatically when you install a new Cumulus Linux image. Refer to ONIE Installation Options. You can also change the default password using a ZTP script.

In this quick start guide, you use the cumulus account to configure Cumulus Linux.

All accounts except root are permitted remote SSH login; you can use sudo to grant a non-root account root-level access. Commands that change the system configuration require this elevated level of access.

For more information about sudo , read Using sudo to Delegate Privileges.

Serial Console Management

You are encouraged to perform management and configuration over the network, either in band or out of band. A serial console is fully supported; however, you might prefer the convenience of network-based management.

Typically, switches ship from the manufacturer with a mating DB9 serial cable. Switches with ONIE are always set to a 115200 baud rate.

Wired Ethernet Management

Switches supported in Cumulus Linux always contain at least one dedicated Ethernet management port, which is named eth0. This interface is geared specifically for out-of-band management use. The management interface uses DHCPv4 for addressing by default. You can set a static IP address with the Network Command Line Utility (NCLU) or by editing the /etc/network/interfaces file (Linux).

Set the static IP address with the interface address and interface gateway NCLU commands:

Set a static IP address by editing the /etc/network/interfaces file:

Configure the Hostname and Timezone

Configure the hostname and timezone for your switch. The hostname identifies the switch; make sure you configure the hostname to be unique and descriptive.

• Do not use an underscore (_) in the hostname; underscores are not permitted.
• Avoid using apostrophes or non-ASCII characters in the hostname. Cumulus Linux does not parse these characters.

To change the hostname:

Run the net add hostname command, which modifies both the /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts files with the desired hostname.

Modify the /etc/hostname file with the desired hostname:

In /etc/hosts file, replace the 127.0.1.1 IP address with the new hostname:

• The command prompt in the terminal does not reflect the new hostname until you either log out of the switch or start a new shell.
• When you use the NCLU command to set the hostname, DHCP does not override the hostname when you reboot the switch. However, if you disable the hostname setting with NCLU, DHCP does override the hostname the next time you reboot the switch.

The default timezone on the switch is (Coordinated Universal Time) UTC. Change the timezone on your switch to be the timezone for your location.

To update the timezone, use NTP interactive mode:

Run the following command in a terminal.

Follow the on screen menu options to select the geographic area and region.

Programs that are already running (including log files) and users currently logged in, do not see timezone changes made with interactive mode. To set the timezone for all services and daemons, reboot the switch.

Verify the System Time

Before you install the license, verify that the date and time on the switch are correct, and correct the date and time if necessary. If the date and time is incorrect, the switch might not be able to synchronize with Puppet or might return errors after you restart switchd :

Install the License

Cumulus Linux is licensed on a per-instance basis. Each network system is fully operational, enabling any capability to be utilized on the switch with the exception of forwarding on switch panel ports. Only eth0 and console ports are activated on an unlicensed instance of Cumulus Linux. Enabling front panel ports requires a license.

You receive a license key from NVIDIA or an authorized reseller. Here is a sample license key:

There are three ways to install the license onto the switch:

Copy the license from a local server. Create a text file with the license and copy it to a server accessible from the switch. On the switch, use the following command to transfer the file directly on the switch, then install the license file:

Copy the file to an HTTP server (not HTTPS), then reference the URL when you run cl-license :

Copy and paste the license key into the cl-license command:

Check that your license is installed with the cl-license command.

It is not necessary to reboot the switch to activate the switch ports. After you install the license, restart the switchd service. All front panel ports become active and show up as swp1, swp2, and so on.

Restarting the switchd service causes all network ports to reset, interrupting network services, in addition to resetting the switch hardware configuration.

If a license is not installed on a Cumulus Linux switch, the switchd service does not start. After you install the license, start switchd as described above.

Configure Breakout Ports with Splitter Cables

If you are using 4x10G DAC or AOC cables, or want to break out 100G or 40G switch ports, configure the breakout ports. For more details, see Switch Port Attributes.

Test Cable Connectivity

By default, all data plane ports (every Ethernet port except the management interface, eth0) are disabled.

To test cable connectivity:

To administratively enable a port:

To administratively enable all physical ports, run the following command, where swp1-52 represents a switch with switch ports numbered from swp1 to swp52:

To view link status, use the net show interface all command. The following examples show the output of ports in admin down , down , and up modes:

To enable a port, run the ip link set up command. For example:

As root, run the following bash script to administratively enable all physical ports:

To view link status, use the ip link show command. The following examples show the output of a port in down and up mode:

Configure Switch Ports

Layer 2 Port Configuration

Cumulus Linux does not put all ports into a bridge by default. To create a bridge and configure one or more front panel ports as members of the bridge, use the following examples as a guide.

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is placed into a bridge called bridge.

You can add a range of ports in one command. For example, to add swp1 through swp10, swp12, and swp14 through swp20 to bridge:

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is placed into a bridge called br0:

To put a range of ports into a bridge, use the glob keyword. For example, to add swp1 through swp10, swp12, and swp14 through swp20 to br0:

To activate or apply the configuration to the kernel:

To view the changes in the kernel, use the brctl command:

Layer 3 Port Configuration

You can also configure a front panel port or bridge interface as a layer 3 port.

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is configured as a layer 3 access port:

To add an IP address to a bridge interface, you must put it into a VLAN interface. If you want to use a VLAN other than the native one, set the bridge PVID:

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is configured as a layer 3 access port:

To add an IP address to a bridge interface, include the address under the iface stanza in the /etc/network/interfaces file. If you want to use a VLAN other than the native one, set the bridge PVID:

To activate or apply the configuration to the kernel:

To view the changes in the kernel, use the ip addr show command:

Configure a Loopback Interface

Cumulus Linux has a loopback interface preconfigured in the /etc/network/interfaces file. When the switch boots up, it has a loopback interface, called lo, which is up and assigned an IP address of 127.0.0.1.

The loopback interface lo must always be specified in the /etc/network/interfaces file and must always be up.

To see the status of the loopback interface (lo):

Use the net show interface lo command.

The loopback is up and is assigned an IP address of 127.0.0.1.

To add an IP address to a loopback interface, configure the lo interface:

Use the ip addr show lo command.

The loopback is up and is assigned an IP address of 127.0.0.1.

To add an IP address to a loopback interface, add it directly under the iface lo inet loopback definition in the /etc network/interfaces file:

If an IP address is configured without a mask (as shown above), the IP address becomes a /32. So, in the above case, 10.1.1.1 is actually 10.1.1.1/32.

Multiple Loopbacks

You can add multiple loopback addresses. See Configure Multiple Loopbacks for details.

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Cumulus Linux 4.3 User Guide

NVIDIAВ® Cumulus Linux is the first full-featured Linux operating system for the networking industry. The Debian Buster-based, networking-focused distribution runs on hardware produced by a broad partner ecosystem, ensuring unmatched customer choice regarding silicon, optics, cables, and systems.

This user guide provides in-depth documentation on the Cumulus Linux installation process, system configuration and management, network solutions, and monitoring and troubleshooting recommendations. In addition, the quick start guide provides an end-to-end setup process to get you started.

Cumulus Linux 4.3 includes the NetQ agent and CLI, which is installed by default on the Cumulus Linux switch. Use NetQ to monitor and manage your data center network infrastructure and operational health. Refer to the NetQ documentation for details.

For a list of the new features in this release, see What’s New. For bug fixes and known issues present in this release, refer to the Cumulus Linux 4.3 Release Notes.

Open Source Contributions

To implement various Cumulus Linux features, Cumulus Networks has forked various software projects, like CFEngine Netdev and some Puppet Labs packages. Some of the forked code resides in the Cumulus Networks GitHub repository and some is available as part of the Cumulus Linux repository as Debian source packages.

Cumulus Networks has also developed and released new applications as open source. The list of open source projects is on the open source software page.

Hardware Compatibility List

You can find the most up-to-date hardware compatibility list (HCL) here. Use the HCL to confirm that your switch model is supported with Cumulus Linux. The HCL is updated regularly, listing products by port configuration, manufacturer and SKU part number.

Stay up to Date

• Subscribe to our product bulletin mailing list to receive important announcements and updates about issues that arise in our products.
• Subscribe to our security announcement mailing list to receive alerts whenever we update our software for security issues.

Download the User Guide

You can view the complete Cumulus Linux 4.3 user guide as a single page to print to PDF here.

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