Debian firmware linux nonfree iso

What’s in this directory?

These are files containing live images for the Debian GNU/Linux operating system. They are specifically for the amd64 architecture.

There are multiple different files here, corresponding to the different desktop environments..

How do I use these files?

The files here are complete ISO images, ready to use.

Once you have downloaded all the ISO images you want, you will typically need to write them to media, either writeable DVD or a USB stick.

How can I verify my download is correct and exactly what has been created by Debian?

There are files here (SHA512SUMS, etc.) which contain checksums of the images. These checksum files are also signed — see the matching .sign files. Once you’ve downloaded an image, you can check:

• that its checksum matches that expected from the checksum file; and
• that the checksum file has not been tampered with.

For more information about how to do these steps, read the verification guide.

Non-free Firmware

For convenience for some users, this unofficial alternative build includes non-free firmware for extra support for some awkward hardware.

Memory usage

Live images tend to be resource hungry by nature — they need to use memory to extract and store the compressed system as well as the memory that the running software would normally need. The minimum recommended RAM for using a desktop environment on a live image is 2 GiB. If you have a system with less memory, your system will not work well here.

Other questions?

See the Debian CD FAQ for lots more information about Debian CDs and installation.

The images here were put together by the Debian CD team, using live-wrapper and other software.

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What’s in this directory?

These are files containing live images for the Debian GNU/Linux operating system. They are specifically for the amd64 architecture.

There are multiple different files here, corresponding to the different desktop environments..

How do I use these files?

The files here are complete ISO images, ready to use.

Once you have downloaded all the ISO images you want, you will typically need to write them to media, either writeable DVD or a USB stick.

How can I verify my download is correct and exactly what has been created by Debian?

There are files here (SHA512SUMS, etc.) which contain checksums of the images. These checksum files are also signed — see the matching .sign files. Once you’ve downloaded an image, you can check:

• that its checksum matches that expected from the checksum file; and
• that the checksum file has not been tampered with.

For more information about how to do these steps, read the verification guide.

Non-free Firmware

For convenience for some users, this unofficial alternative build includes non-free firmware for extra support for some awkward hardware.

Memory usage

Live images tend to be resource hungry by nature — they need to use memory to extract and store the compressed system as well as the memory that the running software would normally need. The minimum recommended RAM for using a desktop environment on a live image is 2 GiB. If you have a system with less memory, your system will not work well here.

Other questions?

See the Debian CD FAQ for lots more information about Debian CDs and installation.

The images here were put together by the Debian CD team, using live-wrapper and other software.

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Пакет: firmware-linux-nonfree (20210315-3

Ссылки для firmware-linux-nonfree

Ресурсы Debian:

Исходный код firmware-nonfree:

Сопровождающие:

Подобные пакеты:

Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel (metapackage)

This package depends on non-free firmware which may be used with drivers in the Linux kernel.

Другие пакеты, относящиеся к firmware-linux-nonfree

зависимости

рекомендации

предложения

enhances

• dep: firmware-amd-graphics (= 20210315-3

  bpo10+1) Binary firmware for AMD/ATI graphics chips
  dep: firmware-misc-nonfree (= 20210315-3

  bpo10+1) Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel

• rec: amd64-microcode Processor microcode firmware for AMD CPUs
• rec: intel-microcode Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs

Загрузка firmware-linux-nonfree

Загрузить для всех доступных архитектур

Архитектура	Размер пакета	В установленном виде	Файлы
all	23,0 Кб	29,0 Кб	[список файлов]

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Авторские права © 1997 — 2021 SPI Inc.; См. условия лицензии. Debian это торговый знак компании SPI Inc. Об этом сайте.

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• Firmware

Firmware refers to embedded software which controls electronic devices. Well-defined boundaries between firmware and software do not exist, as both terms cover some of the same code. Typically, the term firmware deals with low-level operations in a device, without which the device would be completely non-functional (read more on Wikipedia).

Devices/Drivers Firmware

Many devices require firmware to operate. Historically, firmware would be built into the device’s ROM or Flash memory, but more and more often, a firmware image has to be loaded into the device RAM by a device driver during device initialisation.

A few firmware images are Free Software and Open Source but almost all of them are non-free, which means that you need to add the non-free and contrib components to your APT sources.

Firmware during the installation

In some cases the installer detects the need for non-free firmware and prompts the user to make the firmware available to the installer to complete the installation. This can happen, for example, with wireless network cards which often require non-free firmware to function (see ipw2200 for an example).

Installation images with firmware

An easy method is to use an installer image that includes all non-free firmware packages directly. See https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/

Firmware on removable media

You can also download the firmware archive for your platform and unpack it into a directory named firmware in the root of a removable storage device (USB/CD drive). You can find firmware downloads for your Debian version at https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/. When the installer starts, it will automatically find the firmware files in the directory on the removable storage and, if needed, install the required firmware.

In some cases, firmware supplied on removable media may not be detected automatically (e.g. 740503). In these situations, drop to the console ( Ctrl+alt+F2) and manually mount(8) your removable storage on a temporary directory (e.g. /media).

Firmware on removable media and preseeding

It is also possible to bypass the installer’s searching and installation process by preseeding and providing the firmware files directly to the kernel:

The needed firmware files are assumed to be in a directory named firmware on a FAT partition formatted with mkfs.vfat and labelled FIRMWARE.

The following addition is made to the installer’s kernel command line. It is a single command but has been broken here for readability. Press TAB when the installation choice is highlighted to make the command line visible. A variation on this technique is presented elsewhere.

Once the network is configured, Debian-Installer can fetch firmware from Debian repositories.

Location of firmware files

Debian 8 «Jessie» and newer

udev used in Debian Jessie and later, only checks one directory for firmware files: /lib/firmware. See 729252 for details.

Debian 7 «Wheezy», Debian 6.0 «Squeeze»

Firmware is sourced from the following places (see udev’s /lib/udev/hotplug.functions and /lib/udev/firmware.agent)

/lib/firmware/$(uname -r) — Firmware provided by a package, specific for a kernel.

/lib/firmware/ — Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels.

/usr/local/lib/firmware — Location for manually installed firmware.

/usr/lib/hotplug/firmware — Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels

List of firmware in Linux kernel

To find which package provides a given firmware file, you can use this search page:
https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_contents

Firmware/List lists all firmware distributed along Debian Linux kernel images.

Computer Firmware

Found on most modern x86 PCs and servers, along with some ARM boards — (wikipedia)

Found on older «IBM-PC» machines, generally most regular PCs and servers that were manufactured before 2011 — (wikipedia)

also known as OpenBoot, Found on Sun SPARC systems, IBM Power, PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh, IEEE 1275-1994. (wikipedia)

Coreboot (LinuxBIOS)

Can be used on some boards and tested under emulators — (wikipedia)

PMON2000

Found on the Lemote Yeeloong and embedded devices

Updating firmware

Firmware can be updated using various methods.

Open firmware

There are a number of projects creating various kinds of open firmware, including for booting, WiFi and audio.

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Пакет: firmware-linux-nonfree (20190114-2

Ссылки для firmware-linux-nonfree

Ресурсы Debian:

Исходный код firmware-nonfree:

Сопровождающие:

Подобные пакеты:

Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel (meta-package)

This package depends on non-free firmware which may be used with drivers in the Linux kernel.

Другие пакеты, относящиеся к firmware-linux-nonfree

зависимости

рекомендации

предложения

enhances

• dep: firmware-amd-graphics (= 20190114-2

  deb9u1) Binary firmware for AMD/ATI graphics chips
  dep: firmware-misc-nonfree (= 20190114-2

  deb9u1) Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel

• rec: amd64-microcode Processor microcode firmware for AMD CPUs
• rec: intel-microcode Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs

Загрузка firmware-linux-nonfree

Загрузить для всех доступных архитектур

Архитектура	Размер пакета	В установленном виде	Файлы
all	17,9 Кб	24,0 Кб	[список файлов]

Эта страница также доступна на следующих языках (Как установить язык по умолчанию):

Чтобы сообщить о проблеме, связанной с веб-сайтом, отправьте сообщение (на английском) в список рассылки debian-www@lists.debian.org. Прочую контактную информацию см. на странице Debian Как с нами связаться.

Авторские права © 1997 — 2021 SPI Inc.; См. условия лицензии. Debian это торговый знак компании SPI Inc. Об этом сайте.

Источник