Docker mac os kubernetes

Deploy on Kubernetes

Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

Docker Desktop includes a standalone Kubernetes server and client, as well as Docker CLI integration that runs on your machine. The Kubernetes server runs locally within your Docker instance, is not configurable, and is a single-node cluster.

The Kubernetes server runs within a Docker container on your local system, and is only for local testing. Enabling Kubernetes allows you to deploy your workloads in parallel, on Kubernetes, Swarm, and as standalone containers. Enabling or disabling the Kubernetes server does not affect your other workloads.

Prerequisites

The Kubernetes client command kubectl is included and configured to connect to the local Kubernetes server. If you have already installed kubectl and pointing to some other environment, such as minikube or a GKE cluster, ensure you change the context so that kubectl is pointing to docker-desktop :

If you installed kubectl using Homebrew, or by some other method, and experience conflicts, remove /usr/local/bin/kubectl .

Enable Kubernetes

To enable Kubernetes support and install a standalone instance of Kubernetes running as a Docker container, go to Preferences > Kubernetes and then click Enable Kubernetes.

By default, Kubernetes containers are hidden from commands like docker service ls , because managing them manually is not supported. To see these internal containers, select Show system containers (advanced). Most users do not need this option.

Click Apply & Restart to save the settings and then click Install to confirm. This instantiates images required to run the Kubernetes server as containers, and installs the /usr/local/bin/kubectl command on your machine.

When Kubernetes is enabled and running, an additional status bar item displays at the bottom right of the Docker Desktop Settings dialog.

The status of Kubernetes shows in the Docker menu and the context points to docker-desktop .

Docker Desktop does not upgrade your Kubernetes cluster automatically after a new update. To upgrade your Kubernetes cluster to the latest version, select Reset Kubernetes Cluster.

Use the kubectl command

Kubernetes integration provides the Kubernetes CLI command at /usr/local/bin/kubectl on Mac and at C:\>Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin\kubectl.exe on Windows. This location may not be in your shell’s PATH variable, so you may need to type the full path of the command or add it to the PATH .

You can test the command by listing the available nodes:

For more information about kubectl , see the kubectl documentation.

Disable Kubernetes

To disable Kubernetes support at any time, clear the Enable Kubernetes check box. This stops and removes Kubernetes containers, and also removes the /usr/local/bin/kubectl command.

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Local Kubernetes for Mac– MiniKube vs Docker Desktop

In the previous articles of the series, we have seen the local Kubernetes solutions for Windows and Linux. In this article, we talk about MacOS and take a look at Docker Desktop and Minikube.

Similar to the Windows version, Docker for Mac provides an out of the box solution using a native virtualization system. Docker for Mac is very easy to install, but it also comes with limited configuration options.

On the other hand, Minikube has more complete Kubernetes support with multiple add-ons and driver support (e.g. VirtualBox) at the cost of a more complicated configuration.

Docker on Mac with Kubernetes support

Kubernetes is available in Docker for Mac for 18.06 Stable or higher and includes a Kubernetes server and client, as well as integration with the Docker executable. The Kubernetes server runs locally within your Docker instance and it is similar to the Docker on Windows solution. Notice that Docker on Mac uses a native MacOS virtualization system called Hyperkit.

When Kubernetes support is enabled, you can deploy new workloads not only on Kubernetes but also on Swarm and as standalone containers, without affecting any of your existing workloads.

Installation

As mentioned already, Kubernetes is included in the Docker on Mac binary so it installed automatically with it. You can download and install Docker for Mac from the Docker Store.

Note: If you already use a previous version of Docker (e.g. docker toolbox ), or an older version of Docker on Mac, we strongly recommend upgrading to the newer version, instead of having multiple docker installations versions active. If for some reason you cannot upgrade, you should be able to use Minikube instead.

After a successful installation, you need to explicitly enable Kubernetes support. Click the Docker icon in the status bar, go to “Preferences”, and on the “Kubernetes” tab check “Enable Kubernetes” as shown in the figure below.

This will start a single node Kubernetes cluster for you and install the kubectl command line utility as well. This might take a while, but the dialog will let you know once the Kubernetes cluster is ready.

Management

Now you are ready to deploy your workloads similar to Windows. If you are working with multiple Kubernetes clusters and different environments you should already be familiar with switching contexts. You can view contexts using the kubectl config command:

Set the context to use as docker-for-desktop :

Unfortunately, (as was the case with the Windows version), the bundled Kubernetes distribution does not come with its dashboardenabled. You need to enable it with the following command:

To view the dashboard in your web browser run:

Deployment

Deploying an application it is very straightforward. In the following example, we install a cluster of nginx servers using the commands:

Once Kubernetes completed downloading the containers, you can see the containers running by using the command:

You can view the dashboard, as mentioned before, to verify that nginx was indeed installed and your cluster is in working mode.

Kubernetes on Mac using Minikube

As another alternative to Docker-for-Mac, we can also use Minikube to set up and operate a single node Kubernetes cluster as a local development environment. Minikube for Mac supports multiple hypervisors such as VirtualBox, VMWare, and Hyperkit. In this tutorial, we are talking about the installation mode that uses VirtualBox. (If Hyperkit is available then Docker-for-Mac is easier to install.)

Installation

Instead of manually installing all the needed packages for Minikube, it is easier to install all prerequisites using the Homebrew package manager. If you don’t have the Homebrew package manager already installed, you can easily install it using the following command in the terminal application:

This will also include prerequisites such as Xcode command line tools.
To install Minikube itself including the prerequisites, we execute the following command:

After completion, the following packages will be installed in your machine:

Management

After successful installation, you can start Minikube by executing the following command in your terminal:

Now Minikube is started and you have created a Kubernetes context called “minikube”, which is set by default during startup. You can switch between contexts using the command:

Furthermore, to access the Kubernetes dashboard, you need to execute/run the following command:

Additional information, on how to configure and manage the Kubernetes cluster can be found in the official documentation.

Deployment

Deploying an application is the same for all drivers supported in Minikube. For example, you can deploy, expose, and scale a service using the usual kubectl commands, as provided in the Minikube Tutorial.

You can view the workloads of your Minikube cluster either through the Kubernetes dashboard or using the command line interface — kubectl. For example, to see the deployed pods you can use the command:

Conclusion

After looking at both solutions, here are our results…

Minikube is a mature solution available for all major operating systems. Its main advantage is that it provides a unified way of working with a local Kubernetes cluster regardless of the operating system. It is perfect for people that are using multiple OS machines and have some basic familiarity with Kubernetes and Docker.

• Mature solution
• Works on Windows (any version and edition), Mac, and Linux
• Multiple drivers that can match any environment
• Installs several plugins (such as dashboard) by default
• Very flexible on installation requirements and upgrades

• Installation and removal not as streamlined as other solutions
• Does not integrate into the MacOS UI

Docker Desktop for Mac is a very user-friendly solution with good integration for the MacOS UI.

• Very easy installation for beginners
• All-in-one Docker and Kubernetes solution
• Configurable via UI

• Relatively new, possibly unstable
• Limited configuration options (i.e. driver support)

Let us know in the comments which local Kubernetes solution you are using and why.

Thomas Pliakas is a passionate Java software engineer, where he likes to work in performance improvements in each phase of the project life cycle. He has primarily been working on architecting, developing, and tuning low latency and high throughput telco products. He is also a co-organizer of Java Hellenic User Groups (jhug) meetups.

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Docker Desktop for Mac user manual

Estimated reading time: 16 minutes

Welcome to Docker Desktop! The Docker Desktop for Mac user manual provides information on how to configure and manage your Docker Desktop settings.

For information about Docker Desktop download, system requirements, and installation instructions, see Install Docker Desktop.

Preferences

The Docker Preferences menu allows you to configure your Docker settings such as installation, updates, version channels, Docker Hub login, and more.

Choose the Docker menu > Preferences from the menu bar and configure the runtime options described below.

General

On the General tab, you can configure when to start and update Docker:

Automatically check for updates: By default, Docker Desktop is configured to check for newer versions automatically. If you have installed Docker Desktop as part of an organization, you may not be able to update Docker Desktop yourself. In that case, upgrade your existing organization to a Team plan and clear this checkbox to disable the automatic check for updates.

Start Docker Desktop when you log in: Automatically starts Docker Desktop when you open your session.

Include VM in Time Machine backups: Select this option to back up the Docker Desktop virtual machine. This option is disabled by default.

Use gRPC FUSE for file sharing: Clear this checkbox to use the legacy osxfs file sharing instead.

Send usage statistics: Docker Desktop sends diagnostics, crash reports, and usage data. This information helps Docker improve and troubleshoot the application. Clear the check box to opt out.

Show weekly tips: Displays useful advice and suggestions about using Docker.

Open Docker Desktop dashboard at startup: Automatically opens the dashboard when starting Docker Desktop.

Use Docker Compose V2: Select this option to enable the docker-compose command to use Docker Compose V2. For more information, see Docker Compose V2.

Resources

The Resources tab allows you to configure CPU, memory, disk, proxies, network, and other resources.

Advanced

On the Advanced tab, you can limit resources available to Docker.

Advanced settings are:

CPUs: By default, Docker Desktop is set to use half the number of processors available on the host machine. To increase processing power, set this to a higher number; to decrease, lower the number.

Memory: By default, Docker Desktop is set to use 2 GB runtime memory, allocated from the total available memory on your Mac. To increase the RAM, set this to a higher number. To decrease it, lower the number.

Swap: Configure swap file size as needed. The default is 1 GB.

Disk image size: Specify the size of the disk image.

Disk image location: Specify the location of the Linux volume where containers and images are stored.

You can also move the disk image to a different location. If you attempt to move a disk image to a location that already has one, you get a prompt asking if you want to use the existing image or replace it.

File sharing

Use File sharing to allow local directories on the Mac to be shared with Linux containers. This is especially useful for editing source code in an IDE on the host while running and testing the code in a container. By default the /Users , /Volume , /private , /tmp and /var/folders directory are shared. If your project is outside this directory then it must be added to the list. Otherwise you may get Mounts denied or cannot start service errors at runtime.

File share settings are:

Add a Directory: Click + and navigate to the directory you want to add.

Apply & Restart makes the directory available to containers using Docker’s bind mount ( -v ) feature.

Tips on shared folders, permissions, and volume mounts

Share only the directories that you need with the container. File sharing introduces overhead as any changes to the files on the host need to be notified to the Linux VM. Sharing too many files can lead to high CPU load and slow filesystem performance.

Shared folders are designed to allow application code to be edited on the host while being executed in containers. For non-code items such as cache directories or databases, the performance will be much better if they are stored in the Linux VM, using a data volume (named volume) or data container.

If you share the whole of your home directory into a container, MacOS may prompt you to give Docker access to personal areas of your home directory such as your Reminders or Downloads.

By default, Mac file systems are case-insensitive while Linux is case-sensitive. On Linux, it is possible to create 2 separate files: test and Test , while on Mac these filenames would actually refer to the same underlying file. This can lead to problems where an app works correctly on a Mac (where the file contents are shared) but fails when run in Linux in production (where the file contents are distinct). To avoid this, Docker Desktop insists that all shared files are accessed as their original case. Therefore, if a file is created called test , it must be opened as test . Attempts to open Test will fail with the error No such file or directory . Similarly, once a file called test is created, attempts to create a second file called Test will fail. For more information, see Volume mounting requires file sharing for any project directories outside of /Users .)

Proxies

Docker Desktop detects HTTP/HTTPS Proxy Settings from macOS and automatically propagates these to Docker. For example, if you set your proxy settings to http://proxy.example.com , Docker uses this proxy when pulling containers.

Your proxy settings, however, will not be propagated into the containers you start. If you wish to set the proxy settings for your containers, you need to define environment variables for them, just like you would do on Linux, for example:

For more information on setting environment variables for running containers, see Set environment variables.

Network

You can configure Docker Desktop networking to work on a virtual private network (VPN). Specify a network address translation (NAT) prefix and subnet mask to enable Internet connectivity.

Docker Engine

The Docker Engine page allows you to configure the Docker daemon to determine how your containers run.

Type a JSON configuration file in the box to configure the daemon settings. For a full list of options, see the Docker Engine dockerd commandline reference.

Click Apply & Restart to save your settings and restart Docker Desktop.

Command Line

On the Command Line page, you can specify whether or not to enable experimental features.

Experimental features provide early access to future product functionality. These features are intended for testing and feedback only as they may change between releases without warning or can be removed entirely from a future release. Experimental features must not be used in production environments. Docker does not offer support for experimental features.

For a list of current experimental features in the Docker CLI, see Docker CLI Experimental features.

You can toggle the experimental features on and off in Docker Desktop. If you toggle the experimental features off, Docker Desktop uses the current generally available release of Docker Engine.

You can see whether you are running experimental mode at the command line. If Experimental is true , then Docker is running in experimental mode, as shown here. (If false , Experimental mode is off.)

Kubernetes

Docker Desktop includes a standalone Kubernetes server that runs on your Mac, so that you can test deploying your Docker workloads on Kubernetes. To enable Kubernetes support and install a standalone instance of Kubernetes running as a Docker container, select Enable Kubernetes.

For more information about using the Kubernetes integration with Docker Desktop, see Deploy on Kubernetes.

Reset

On Docker Desktop Mac, the Restart Docker Desktop, Reset to factory defaults, and other reset options are available from the Troubleshoot menu.

For information about the reset options, see Logs and Troubleshooting.

Software Updates

The Software Updates section notifies you of any updates available to Docker Desktop. You can choose to download the update right away, or click the Release Notes option to learn what’s included in the updated version.

If you are on a Docker Team or a Business subscription, you can turn off the check for updates by clearing the Automatically Check for Updates checkbox in the General settings. This will also disable the notification badge that appears on the Docker Dashboard.

Dashboard

The Docker Desktop Dashboard enables you to interact with containers and applications and manage the lifecycle of your applications directly from your machine. The Dashboard UI shows all running, stopped, and started containers with their state. It provides an intuitive interface to perform common actions to inspect and manage containers and existing Docker Compose applications. For more information, see Docker Desktop Dashboard.

Add TLS certificates

You can add trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) (used to verify registry server certificates) and client certificates (used to authenticate to registries) to your Docker daemon.

Add custom CA certificates (server side)

All trusted CAs (root or intermediate) are supported. Docker Desktop creates a certificate bundle of all user-trusted CAs based on the Mac Keychain, and appends it to Moby trusted certificates. So if an enterprise SSL certificate is trusted by the user on the host, it is trusted by Docker Desktop.

To manually add a custom, self-signed certificate, start by adding the certificate to the macOS keychain, which is picked up by Docker Desktop. Here is an example:

Or, if you prefer to add the certificate to your own local keychain only (rather than for all users), run this command instead:

Note: You need to restart Docker Desktop after making any changes to the keychain or to the

/.docker/certs.d directory in order for the changes to take effect.

For a complete explanation of how to do this, see the blog post Adding Self-signed Registry Certs to Docker & Docker Desktop for Mac.

Add client certificates

You can put your client certificates in

When the Docker Desktop application starts, it copies the

/.docker/certs.d folder on your Mac to the /etc/docker/certs.d directory on Moby (the Docker Desktop xhyve virtual machine).

You need to restart Docker Desktop after making any changes to the keychain or to the

/.docker/certs.d directory in order for the changes to take effect.

The registry cannot be listed as an insecure registry (see Docker Engine. Docker Desktop ignores certificates listed under insecure registries, and does not send client certificates. Commands like docker run that attempt to pull from the registry produce error messages on the command line, as well as on the registry.

Directory structures for certificates

If you have this directory structure, you do not need to manually add the CA certificate to your Mac OS system login:

The following further illustrates and explains a configuration with custom certificates:

You can also have this directory structure, as long as the CA certificate is also in your keychain.

To learn more about how to install a CA root certificate for the registry and how to set the client TLS certificate for verification, see Verify repository client with certificates in the Docker Engine topics.

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