Fedora linux 34 xfce

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Вышел релиз Fedora 34. Что нового?

Полгода назад мы писали о релизе Fedora 33, и теперь появилась новая версия дистрибутива. Кроме того, разработчики подготовили и сопутствующие продукты, включая Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, CoreOS, Fedora IoT Edition. Что касается платформ, то дистрибутив подходит для x86_64, Power64, ARM64 (AArch64) и 32-битных ARM чипов.

Под катом — основные улучшения и нововведения в релизе Fedora 34.

Подробнее о новинках

Новая версия получила довольно много разных улучшений и дополнений:

• Сборки с KDE разработчики перевели на Wayland, а вот X11 теперь стал опциональным. Что касается KDE Plasma 5.20, то в выпуске удалось добиться решения ряда проблем. Например, теперь ведение скринкастов не требует особых усилий, равно как и вставка средней кнопки мыши. В случае использования драйверов NVIDIA применяется пакет kwin-wayland-nvidia. Соответственно, компонент XWayland можно использовать в системах с проприетарными драйверами NVIDIA. Введен headless режим работы, что дает возможность запускать элементы рабочего стола на удаленных системах, получая к ним доступ посредством VNC или RDP.
• Рабочий стол Fedora Workstation теперь обновлен до выпуска GNOME 40 и библиотеки GTK 4. Что касается GNOME, то виртуальные рабочие столы ориентированы горизонтально в обзорном режиме. Каждый рабочий стол показан с открытыми окнами. Для них применяется динамическое панорамирование и масштабирование при взаимодействии с пользователем. По словам разработчиком, переход между списком программ и виртуальными рабочими столами теперь бесшовный.

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Состоялся релиз Fedora 34 с самыми передовыми технологиями

Команда Fedora объявила о выпуске Fedora 34 для рабочих станций, спинов и серверов. Выпуск Fedora 34 содержит огромные изменения и передовые технологии для настольных компьютеров, серверов и пакетов. В этой статье рассмотрим лишь некоторые из них которые входят в основную ветку.

Выпущенная в соответствии с планом Fedora Linux 34 включает в себя новейшие среды рабочего стола, такие как GNOME 40, LXQt 0.16, Xfce 4.16, с последними пакетами разработки и наборами инструментов. Этот выпуск можно назвать одним из смелых выпусков в истории Fedora.

Fedora 34 Workstations включает ядро ​​Linux 5.11, которое обеспечивает поддержку новейшего оборудования для процессоров, видеокарт, портов и других устройств. В последнем выпуске Fedora 33 btrfs уже используется в качестве файловой системы по умолчанию при установке новой системы. В этом выпуске сжатие zstd выполняется по умолчанию при использовании btrfs. Это обеспечивает более быстрое чтение и запись при значительной экономии места на диске.

Pipewire как звуковой демон по умолчанию

Сегодня весь звук на вашем рабочем компьютере под управлением Linux обрабатывается через PulseAudio. Fedora 34 теперь направляет весь звук от PulseAudio и JACK к демону Pipewire. Это означает, что им нужен пакет PulseAudio, а демон исчез. Демон PipeWire обеспечивает более гибкое и высокопроизводительное управление звуком в Linux, лучше, чем PulseAudio.

Systemd-oomd по умолчанию

Fedora 34 по умолчанию включает демон systemd-oomd, этот демон обеспечивает лучшую обработку ресурсов процессов в ситуациях нехватки памяти (OOM). Идея OOM состоит в том, чтобы восстанавливаться из ситуаций нехватки памяти раньше, чем произойдет зависании системы. Демон продолжает выставлять оценки процессам на основе определенных критериев.

Стандартная версия Fedora 34 Workstations предлагает последнюю версию рабочего стола GNOME 40, которая полностью изменила возможности рабочего стола. GNOME 40 до сегодняшнего дня меняет способ взаимодействия с рабочим столом GNOME. Вот лишь некоторые из изменений GNOME 40

Многострочные метки значков
Сетка приложения прокручивается по горизонтали
Функция поиска в приложении с собственными расширениями
Навигация по рабочему пространству теперь горизонтальная и более продуктивная
Сортировка подключений Wi-Fi
Календарь GNOME – изменение времени и напоминания

Стоит отметить, что Fedora 34 является первым официальным распространенным дистрибутивом Linux, предлагающим GNOME 40 «из коробки». Поскольку Ubuntu 21.04 Hirsute Hippo не поддерживает GNOME 40. Если вы не установите GNOME 40 с нуля в Arch Linux или не используете скользящие дистрибутивы, возможно, Fedora 34 – единственный вариант, чтобы испытать GNOME 40 до конца 2021 года.

Ниже приведу ссылки на скачивания дистрибутива Fedora с разными рабочими слолами:

А на этом сегодня все, надеюсь, данная статья будет вам полезна.
Хотелось бы выразить огромную благодарность тем, кто принимает активное участие в жизни и развитии журнала, огромное спасибо вам за это.
Журнал Cyber-X

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Fedora 34 Getting Started After Install Guide

This getting started guide will help quickly set up Fedora 34 after a fresh install. It is my personal cheat sheet and I reference it for my own system.

Fedora 35 Available

The latest release Fedora 35 is available as a beta. Its highly recommended to upgrade once F35 becomes stable. The Fedora 35 Guide is available.

This guide may seem familiar for those that referenced the Fedora 33 Guide. Many of the commands will be identical. In some instances -y has been added to expedite commands.

Fedora is one of my favorite Linux distros and for good reason. The developers have built a solid, sleek, stable Linux distribution that works as well on laptops as it does on desktops and servers.

How To Use This Guide

Open a command line, a la Terminal, by pressing the Super key and type Terminal. Copy the commands and paste into the Terminal. Pasting in the Terminal requires Ctrl + Shift + V or right click and select paste.

Explore Gnome 40

Gnome 40 is a mild departure from previous Gnome releases. The desktop now features a dock at the bottom of the screen and horizontal workspaces. Laptop users can appreciate the three finger gestures. A three finger swipe up will show the Activities overview. Another three finger swipe up will display all available applications. Workspaces can be easily switched with a three finger swipe to the left or right.

Get Up to Date

Before installing updates, consider adding the following DNF flags. These will enable delta RPM, fastest mirror, and a maximum of 10 parallel downloads. The cat command will display the dnf.conf file.

The results from dnf.conf should match those below.

Linux distros have frequent updates, patches, and feature upgrades. Its always important to keep software up to date for security reasons but its even more important with a fresh install. If its been a while since the distro was released, some of the packages may be feeling a little exposed. Get them up to date before doing anything else.

Reboot after updating the software.

Enable RPM Fusion

RPM Fusion offers packages that cannot be offered in the official Fedora repos due to various reasons, such as non free or proprietary licensing. These instructions are kindly borrowed from RPM Fusion. An RPM is also available that will enable these repos. This command enables free and non free repos.

Update the system before installing the tainted free and tainted non free repos. Tainted free provides DVD playback support. Tainted non free contains non FOSS software and hardware drivers.

Flatpak and Snap

Fedora natively supports Flatpak but may require it to be enabled.

Snap support is easily enabled as well.

Multimedia

VLC handles most multimedia but I still prefer to add codec support whenever possible.

For DVD playback, install the libdvdcss package. Requires the tainted free repo.

The following command will adds packages for gstreamer enabled applications.

This package install complement packages needed by some applications for sound and video.

Enable OpenH264 support in Firefox.

After installing OpenH264, open Firefox and navigate menu > add ons > Plugins. Enable the OpenH264 plugin. Verify the plugin is working correctly.

Install Apps via Terminal

Many of these applications are found in the Software Center. Software installations can be stacked together to save time and effort. For example, if you wish to install VLC and GIMP, the command can be executed as sudo dnf install -y install vlc gimp .

Geary is a simple to use email client

Gnome Tweak Tool makes it easy to modify the system

VLC is a popular media player.

QBittorrent – Bittorrent client

Spotify – Music playing service

Dropbox – cloud storage

Audacity – audio editor

YouTube production program

GParted – partition management utility

Improved fonts. These are the same fonts that Pop!_OS includes.

Open Gnome Tweaks to tweak the fonts.

Adjusting fonts with Gnome Tweak Tool

Install via Software Center

Fedora ships with the Gnome Software Center as the primary home for installing applications. Gnome Software is relatively easy to use with software categories.

Gnome Software Center in Fedora 34

Explore the categories at the bottom to discover different software. The magnifying glass in the top left opens the search function.

Application view in Gnome Software Center

Clicking a software title will open a page with screenshots, a summary of the software, version information, and the option to install. The source menu in the top right corner displays different places or ways to install the software.

In the case of Geary, I installed from Fedora. Installing from Fedora uses the RPM package. That’s often the best way to install the software with the smallest footprint and fastest load times. Software can also be installed from Flatpak here. For more information on Flatpaks, check out the Best Flatpaks in 2021. When in doubt, install from the default source.

Browsers

I recommend using Firefox, hands down. For a Chromium based browser, consider Brave, Opera, or Vivaldi. Chrome is also easily available.

Brave is a privacy focused browser known for its advertising crypto called BAT.

Chromium is the open source project that Chrome is built on.

OR if you want to install full blown Google-ized Chrome. If you want to install a different version, change the package from -stable to -beta or -unstable.

Non Repo Software

AppImageLauncher is an AppImage management utility. It makes it easier to track which AppImages have been installed on your system, helps to integrate them, and allows the user to easily remove them. It is available for download as an AppImage, DEB, RPM, and Tarball.

Bitwarden is an open source password manager akin to LastPass or 1Pass. It integrates nicely on Android and has autofill ability. It syncs passwords across Android, Linux, ,iOS, OS X, and Windows. Bitwarden can be installed through AppImage, DEB, Flatpak, RPM, and Snap. DEB and RPM packages do not auto update. CLI Tools are available along with browser extensions for most browsers.

Simplenote is a free note taking app developed by Automattic (the WordPress people). Simplenote syncs across virtually everything and supports AppImage, DEB, Flatpak, and RPM. Part of the appeal of Simplenote is markdown support but the other cool thing is WordPress support. Simplenote can be tied to a WordPress account for easy WordPress posting.

Standard Notes is a lot like Simplenote. Its free. Its open source. Its crazy cross platform. If the Automattic/Wordpress relationship makes you uncomfortable or maybe you just don’t need it, try Standard Notes instead. Standard Notes has one big advantage over Simplenote: extensions. Yes, the extensions do cost but they effectively turn Standard Notes into a mini office suite with support for markdown, rich text, LaTeX, and HTML to backup support for Dropbox, Google Drive, and OneDrive. Standard Notes can be installed from AppImage, Flatpak, and Snap.

Try a secure email service like Protonmail or Tutanota. Gmail, Outlook, and other free email services offer tons of storage. In exchange, they mine your data to show you ads. Secure email services encrypt your data so they are unable to read it. Tutanota offers a free AppImage and Flatpak desktop client while Protonmail enables IMAP with a paid plan.

Flatpak

Many Gnome applications are available as Flatpaks now. Fedora even defaults to Flatpak in Gnome Software. Check out the list of Best Flatpaks for more options.

Snap has become a popular option for packaging Linux applications as well. I’m not a huge gamer but Urban Terror is a great online FPS.

Snaps do not display in Gnome Software. Consult Snapcraft to find more.

Extensions

With the move to Gnome 40, many extensions are not available or are not yet working. This will be updated as extensions become available.

I don’t recommend using many Gnome Extensions. They allow easy customization of the desktop but more than a couple may hurt system performance.

GSConnect works with KDE Connect on Android. Before I go any further: Do not install KDE Connect on your Linux system. It will interfere with GSConnect. GSConnect is the Gnome implementation of KDE Connect. The Android app works with both.

GSConnect now works with Gnome 40. Thanks to the commenter below for bringing attention to it.

That said, GSConnect allows notification syncing so that your phone calls, messages, and app notifications will all appear on your desktop. Phone battery life is also displayed. It goes beyond just notifications though.

Text messages can be responded to or even started from the desktop. It also opens up file transfers between devices. While I like Google Messages for RCS and web access, it doesn’t compare to the features GSConnect offers.

Change the Desktop Environment

Fedora uses Gnome by default with several other desktop environment (DE) spins available. These DEs are still available after installing Fedora.

Available desktop environments can be found with this command:

The command will yield a list similar to this:

• Fedora Custom Operating System (custom-environment)
• Minimal Install (minimal-environment)
• Fedora Server Edition (server-product-environment)
• Fedora Workstation (workstation-product-environment)
• Fedora Cloud Server (cloud-server-environment)
• KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment)
• Xfce Desktop (xfce-desktop-environment)
• LXDE Desktop (lxde-desktop-environment)
• LXQt Desktop (lxqt-desktop-environment)
• Cinnamon Desktop (cinnamon-desktop-environment)
• MATE Desktop (mate-desktop-environment)
• Sugar Desktop Environment (sugar-desktop-environment)
• Deepin Desktop (deepin-desktop-environment)
• Development and Creative Workstation (developer-workstation-environment)
• Web Server (web-server-environment)
• Infrastructure Server (infrastructure-server-environment)
• Basic Desktop (basic-desktop-environment)

Using the package name from the list above, install the desktop enviroment with a simple dnf install substituting kde-desktop-environment with the preferred DE.

DEs can be switched at the login screen or alternatively, with the Desktop Switcher tool.

Open the Desktop Switcher and select the preferred DE.

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