Fire doors explained: A beginner’s guide

IFSEC Global

To put it simply, fire doors save lives.

These specialist doors are tested against the elements and purpose-built to withstand roaring fires for as long as possible. They enable buildings to compartmentalise and delay the spread of fire from one area to another.

Fire doors have a few vital safety features and really can be the difference between life and death. Two of the most important functions fire doors have are:

• When closed, they form a barrier to stop the spread of fire
• When opened, they provide a means of escape

Because of their importance in protecting lives, it is imperative that fire doors receive regular inspections – frequency is likely to depend on many factors, including the age and condition of the door. It has been suggested that a minimum quarterly inspection rule may be applied when the new Fire Safety Bill is implemented, recommended in Phase One of the Grenfell Tower Inquiry. Worryingly, the Fire Door Inspection Scheme (FDIS) recently highlighted that three quarters of all fire doors inspected in 2019 were condemned as not fit for purpose.

If you own a commercial or non-domestic property, there are strict regulations and guidelines to follow, ensuring the doors can withstand certain heats. Fire doors should always be fitted correctly by a competent installer, as they’re a carefully engineered fire safety device.

Under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO), landlords have a responsibility to ensure their properties and tenants are safe. The ‘responsible person’ has a legal responsibility under the FSO and can be criminally prosecuted if they do not fulfill their duties. The responsibility extends to the requirement for a fire risk assessment in all non-domestic buildings, including the common parts of flats or houses with multiple occupation.

Features of fire doors

Here are some of the key features to look out for in terms of both domestic and commercial use:

• Fire doors are made up of various components. The door itself is usually made from a solid timber frame, but they can sometimes be covered again in fire-resistant glass. This glass should be able to withstand exposure to the heat condition in a fire test for at least 60 minutes before it reaches a temperature high enough to soften it.
• Around the edges of the door will be the intumescent seal, which is designed to expand when temperatures reach beyond 200°C to seal the gaps between the door and frame.
• For a private premises, it is advised to install fire doors where the risk is most imminent, for example the kitchen, or rooms which house lots of electrical devices. If your property is a new build, it should have been subject to regulations ensuring certain doors are fire doors – check this with the developer. As it currently stands, fire doors are only legally required in Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs).
• For commercial or non-domestic properties, liability lies with whoever is deemed the ‘responsible person’ for that property or the employer. For example, the owner of the property, or the person in control of the property for trade reasons would be responsible.
• Thorough risk assessments must be carried out and it is advisable to get professional help with all fire-safety-related regulations. There is more to passive fire protection and fire safety than just fire doors; escape routes, lighting, warning systems and equipment checks are also required.
• When you’re choosing a door it’s important to know what the different specifications mean. The FD code shows how many minutes of fire a door can withstand, for example an FD30 has been tested to withstand 30 minutes. The most common two codes are generally considered to be FD30 and FD60. The test procedures manufacturers use are specified in BS 476-22:1987 or BS EN 1634-1:2014.
• Many deaths during fires are not from direct contact with the flames, but the consumption of smoke. With this in mind, keep an eye out for a doorset with cold smoke seals. These should be within the intumescent seal. Exceptions may apply where the leakage of the smoke is essential for detecting a fire early.

More on certification testing of timber fire doors can be found from Firesafe.

There is more information on fire resistant glazing and glass available from the Glass and Glazing Federation.

5 step fire door checklist

Here are five areas to check when investigating fire doors (read full article here):

Check out IFSEC Global’s interactive visualisation of what an effective fire door needs to comply with relevant standards and regulations.

Fire doors EI60

System description

Metal fire doors EI-60 FireTechnics serve as a barrier to penetration of fire and smoke from one part of the building to another, or between buildings. Used in underground Parking lots, shopping centers, warehouses, industrial plants, etc.

System description

Metal fire doors EI-60 FireTechnics serve as a barrier to penetration of fire and smoke from one part of the building to another, or between buildings. Used in underground Parking lots, shopping centers, warehouses, industrial plants, etc.

System description

Metal fire doors EI-60 FireTechnics serve as a barrier to penetration of fire and smoke from one part of the building to another, or between buildings. Used in underground Parking lots, shopping centers, warehouses, industrial plants, etc.

Group of companies FireTechnics is an explosion diagram for metal fire doors ЕI-60

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Specifications of metal fire doors ЕI-60

Standard equipment for the metal fire door EI-60

The purpose of fire doors from FireTechnics lies in the limitation of the flame propagation, and together with it the combustion products formed in the process, into rooms that are adjacent to the one in which the ignition source is located. In addition, they serve to create favorable conditions for a safe and rapid procedure for evacuating people.

In addition to the main purpose, which covers the leveling of the fire threat, the doors protecting from fire danger also have a pronounced decorative function, as they become an element of the interior.
Doors FireTechnics organically fit into absolutely any space, becoming a highly reliable protection against seepage from outside sounds, attempts to crack, and also have a pronounced thermal insulation quality.
At the request of the customer, the doors can be executed in 1-fold or double-folded version, equipped with windows, specialized systems of “Antipanic”, drop-off doors, door closers, electromechanical locks, ACS.

The door block, having a depth of 60 mm, can boast a high level of protection from the flame and its growth, fully conforming to the standard requirements of SNIP and GOST requirements. The limit of fire resistance of a design is EI 60 (sixty minutes). The mineral wool board, whose density is 130 kg / m3, acts as a filler in the canvas. The web is supplied with one sealing circuit, along the entire perimeter it is laid thermoactive tape.
In the role of the locking system, a specialized single-system lock is used, as well as a cylinder mechanism with an English key of the “key-key” system. In the role of dopzaschity lock acts as a casing, made of non-combustible material.
In addition, the fabric is reinforced by steel profiles, not only throughout its height, but also in the loop, as well as the lock zone. It is equipped with a pair of anti-detachable pins to prevent extrusion and break-out of the door from the opening, as well as to ensure the protection of the web from removing it from hinges by intruders.

Key technical characteristics of FireTechnics doors:

• Sheets of 1.2 millimeters installed on both door sides;
• The function of the thermal insulation layer is made by the plate “Izovol P175”;
• In the door there are bearing loops of the brand “Nemef” – 2 pieces;
• Profile box (40% by 20 by 1.2, and the frame by 50 by 25 by 1.2);
• The door is covered with polyester-epoxy powder paint of several popular shades from the table RAL 7035, 5005, 7040, 9016, 8016, 9005, 8017, 3003.
• The canvas is equipped with a lock cylinder lock Fuaro 0432;
• Also it is equipped with pressure handles on the decorative strap of the model Fuaro DH-0433NE;
• On the perimeter of the door there is a thermosetting sealer “Kerfix Flexpan-200”;
• Rubber seal protects against seepage of cold smoke;
• Clypeus included;
• To the purchased door, a certificate confirming its origin, a technical certificate and a rating plate must be attached without fail.

If you want, you can purchase additional accessories in the form of a door closer Fuaro DC-204AL, Doorlock77 – only 1500 rubles.

What are the guidelines to be followed when installing fire doors?

In accordance with the requirements specified in SNIP 21-01-97 * relating to the arrangement of fire safety systems in various buildings, the premises of all possible fire hazard classes should be separated by enclosing special structures with the appropriate norms fire-resistant limits or protected from burning barriers. Moreover, the requirements for the fencing structures of this type, as well as the protective structures protecting from fire, are advanced, taking into account the fire hazard level of the premises, their fire resistance, and also belonging to a certain class of structural fire hazard of buildings (paragraph 7.4).
The area of ​​openings that are made in fire barriers, excluding fencing of elevators, should be a maximum of twenty-five percent of their area. The fill-in fillings of the enclosure shall comply with the standards specified in clause 5.14, and also clause 7.18 of this section.
If it is not possible to equip the gates in the fire barriers that separate the rooms of category A and B from others, or hatches, gate and door structures, as well as valves in the web of protective elements separating the B-premises from others, it is necessary to provide A number of measures aimed at preventing further fire spread of fire, along with seepage of vapors from highly inflammable liquids and fibers, which can form blast-prone concentrates and, in the neighboring room. The effectiveness of ongoing activities should be justified.
In all openings that are equipped in the body of obstacles, which can not be closed by special fire-fighting fire-suppressors or by doors, in order to establish a free communication with neighboring rooms belonging to categories B, G and D, it is permissible to arrange open-ended tambours equipped with special equipment for automated Extinguishing the fire. Fencing structures for these tambours must certainly have a fire protection function.
Filling of barrier openings should be carried out exclusively with materials that are not prone to burning. Gate and door structures, as well as manholes and valves, should be made using raw materials belonging to the groups of flammability not less than GZ, protected by absolutely non-combustible coatings having not less than four millimeter layer. The doors of the locking locks, gates and hatches arranged in the barriers associated with the formation of combustible dusts can be made from raw materials classified as combustible groups of not less than GZ, having a thickness not less than forty millimeters, devoid of hollowness.
5.14 * All barriers against fire, based on the fire-resistant level of their enclosure surface, are divided into classes according to the plate number 1, barrier barriers, fireproof doors, hatches, gates, etc. – according to the plate number 2 *, and tambour gateways, They are arranged in obstructions – as indicated in the plate number 3.
Overlaps and internal partitions of the vestibule locks should have a function of fire protection.
Arrangeable barriers against fires according to GOST standards must belong to the class K0. In strictly prescribed cases, it is permissible to use barriers of the 2-rd-4-vertex type, referred to the class K1.

Fire doors

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E-mail: latakva@latakva.com или sales@latakva.com

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Basic purposes of the fire doors

The doors resistant to fire and flame can withstand exposure to fire, flame, smoke and other fire related hazards for a specified period of time and may slow fire spread to the immediate vicinity, as well as surrounding areas and adjoining premises that may be threatened by the fire. Being resistant to fire, these doors provide opportunities to safely evacuate people and properties and also keep free, unobstructed access for fire fighters to extinguish the fire or to localize the ignition sources.

In accordance with the statistical data, in the event of fire the absence of the exits, evacuation and escape routes, means of egress which are kept clear of obstruction or the absence of opportunities to leave premises on time are the principal factors behind the fire casualties.

Fire doors selection criteria

The fire resistance capacity (fire rating) is the principal technical parameter of the fire door. The doors are “rated” by time (in minutes or hours). Such a rate is meant a time period within which the door with fire resistant core can withstand exposure to the extremely high temperature and prevent spreading of fire and smoke into the premises where people can be. Fireproof doors can have a fire resistance of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.

It is a must that a basic fire door requirements and types of their structure to be determined when the project for construction of the new building or renovation of the existing one is developed. When the construction project is in developing stage it is necessary to consider the purpose of the projected premises, the number of premises and storeys, fire resistance class and rate, presence of different fire fighting systems, etc.

Production materials

The fire doors are mainly produced from steel, aluminum and wood materials with the application of heat-resistant and heat-insulating fillings.

In our catalogue we offer a wide selection of the highest quality fire doors. The doors are made in accordance with modern technologies with a high quality guarantee, have been tested in accordance with the established European standards.

Basic purposes of the fire rated glass doors

Fire glass doors are used to prevent fire and smoke spread, to provide a safe escape and routes to evacuate people and essential equipment and also, free and unobtrusive access for fire-fighters to extinguish a fire.

Unlike to metallic fire door, the glass one is classified into light transparent and glazed doors. If the transparency of the inter layer is no less than 25% of the total square of a door, the fire glass doors are rated light transparent and if such a transparency is less than 25% of the door square, they are classified as glazed doors.

The principal difference between fire rated glass door and its wood and metallic counterparts is the excellent visual look of the fire glass door allowing them to perfectly fit into any interior.

Applications of the glass doors

Fire rated glass light transparent doors are mainly recommended for installation in:

• Office premises;
• Premises with fire-related hazards;
• Stairwells exits;
• Lift lobbies exits;
• Floor passages;
• Escape routes from corridors.

Glazed fire doors must be installed as entrance to:

• Substations;
• Ventilation chambers;
• Premises within thermal points;
• Storages for flammable materials;
• Different technical premises located in the ground and underground of the buildings.

Key benefits and advantages

The glass doors provide an opportunity to visually control of whether any emergency event such as fire occurs in the closed premise without entering into it and this is the key and principal advantage of them.

In addition, the fire rated glass doors have a perfect service and operation qualities and the following performance attributes:

• Excellent thermo insulation;
• Good acoustic insulation;
• Strong, stable and durable construction.

Purchasing fire glass door in our store, you can used them not only as entrance door but also as office doors that fit to any interior, not depending on functionality and use of the premise where the door will be installed.

Price and additional technical information

If you have questions or you would like to order the fire door, call us by +371 27249249 or write us and we will contact you shortly!

Our managers are ready to assist you in making the right choice of the product and in providing any technical consultation.

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Telephone: +371 67113234 , +371 67249249

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