Флаги для mac os

Изучаем файл настроек загрузки Mac OS X — com.apple.Boot.plist

В Mac OS X тысячи файлов настроек с расширением .plist, в которых прописаны абсолютно все параметры работы системы и отдельных программ. Но есть среди них и самый важный файл, отвечающий за параметры загрузки самой Mac OS X — com.apple.Boot.plist. Любой неверный параметр, прописанный там, серьёзно осложнит вам жизнь, потому что Мак может перестать загружаться. Тем не менее, знать устройство этого файла стоит любому пользователю, потому что через него можно настроить многие аспекты поведения компьютера. А особенно важно понимать устройство com.apple.Boot.plist владельцам хакинтошей, которым неизбежно придётся редактировать этот файл.

Кратко опишем, что позволяет сделать файл com.apple.Boot.plist:

• зафиксировать определённые режимы загрузки (см. здесь). Например, можно заставить систему всегда загружаться в 64-битном режиме, вместо того, чтобы держать клавиши 6 и 4 при загрузке.
• настроить графический режим загрузки: изменить разрешение экрана для заставки с яблочком или для текстового режима загрузки
• ограничить количество используемой памяти или ядер процессора
• загрузить систему с другим ядром
• настроить задержку загрузчика перед выбором системы по умолчанию

Последние опции будут полезны владельцам хакинтошей в случае возникновения проблем.

Редактирование файла

Теперь пару слов о том, как редактировать файл com.apple.Boot.plist. Он лежит в папке /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/. Но открыв его в стандартном редакторе TextEdit, вы не сможете сохранить внесённые изменения, потому что сделать это вам не позволят права доступа к файлу.

Варианты есть такие:

1) Терминал. Вводите команды и нажмите Enter после каждой из них:

Введите пароль администратора (символы на экране не появятся) и нажмите Enter.

nano /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.Boot.plist

Если не хотите вводить такую длинную строку, можете сократить её, как показано ниже:

nano /L*/Pref*/SystemC*/com.apple.Boot.plist

Прямо в Терминале откроется окно редактора. Мышь в нём работать не будет, курсор нужно перемещать стрелками клавиатуры.

Когда закончите редактирование, нажмите Ctrl+X, затем Y и Enter.

2) TextMate. Этот вариант поудобнее — программа TextMate умеет редактировать почти любой код в любых файлах, даже защищённых системой. Открыть в ней com.apple.Boot.plist вы сможете через контекстное меню файла, через меню File-Open в самой программе или перетаскиванием файла на иконку TextMate в Доке.

При сохранении файла вам попросят ввести пароль.

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Telegram 17+

Telegram Messenger LLP

• • 4,2 • Оценок: 1,7 тыс.

• • Бесплатно

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Pure instant messaging — simple, fast, secure, and synced across all your devices. One of the world’s top 10 most downloaded apps with over 500 million active users.

FAST: Telegram is the fastest messaging app on the market, connecting people via a unique, distributed network of data centers around the globe.

SYNCED: You can access your messages from all your phones, tablets and computers at once. Telegram apps are standalone, so you don’t need to keep your phone connected. Start typing on one device and finish the message from another. Never lose your data again.

UNLIMITED: You can send media and files, without any limits on their type and size. Your entire chat history will require no disk space on your device, and will be securely stored in the Telegram cloud for as long as you need it.

SECURE: We made it our mission to provide the best security combined with ease of use. Everything on Telegram, including chats, groups, media, etc. is encrypted using a combination of 256-bit symmetric AES encryption, 2048-bit RSA encryption, and Diffie–Hellman secure key exchange.

100% FREE & OPEN: Telegram has a fully documented and free API for developers, open source apps and verifiable builds to prove the app you download is built from the exact same source code that is published.

POWERFUL: You can create group chats with up to 200,000 members, share large videos, documents of any type (.DOCX, .MP3, .ZIP, etc.) up to 2 GB each, and even set up bots for specific tasks. Telegram is the perfect tool for hosting online communities and coordinating teamwork.

RELIABLE: Built to deliver your messages using as little data as possible, Telegram is the most reliable messaging system ever made. It works even on the weakest mobile connections.

FUN: Telegram has powerful photo and video editing tools, animated stickers and emoji, fully customizable themes to change the appearance of your app, and an open sticker/GIF platform to cater to all your expressive needs.

SIMPLE: While providing an unprecedented array of features, we take great care to keep the interface clean. Telegram is so simple you already know how to use it.

PRIVATE: We take your privacy seriously and will never give any third parties access to your data. You can delete any message you ever sent or received for both sides, at any time and without a trace. Telegram will never use your data to show you ads.

For those interested in maximum privacy, Telegram offers Secret Chats. Secret Chat messages can be programmed to self-destruct automatically from both participating devices. This way you can send all types of disappearing content — messages, photos, videos, and even files. Secret Chats use End-to-End Encryption to ensure that a message can only be read by its intended recipient.

We keep expanding the boundaries of what you can do with a messaging app. Don’t wait years for older messengers to catch up with Telegram — join the revolution today.

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How to Use File Flags to Modify File Behavior in macOS

Flags are used by macOS to limit how a file can be changed. They’re set differently from permissions and run in a parallel structure alongside commands like chown and chmod . You’ll be using chflags to change flags, as well as ls to view flags. Unix runs a similar system, but with a greater number of options called “attributes” instead of flags.

Viewing Set Flags on macOS

In Terminal, you can use an ls flag to view any extant flags.

If there are no flags set for a file or folder, a dash will be shown instead.

Set flags can be removed by using their inverse, as described below.

Setting and Clearing Flags on macOS

Flags most frequently come up as a problem. Because they set extra-permission permissions, they can be easy to miss. Do you find yourself with a file that cannot be erased, regardless of how elevated your user permissions are? You might need to clear one or two flags.

The flags that can be set under macOS are listed below. This is the full list of available options, as well as an explanation for their functionality. Most flags can only be set by the owner of the file or the superuser; sappnd and schg can only be set by the superuser, since they are system-level flags. Only the hidden flag can be set without privilege escalation.

Setting Flags on macOS

When setting a flag on macOS, use the command below. The recursive flag -R is available for directory-level operations:

will set the appropriate flag. For example, the following sets the nodump flag:

Only one flag can be set or removed per chflags command.

• opaque sets the folder to appear opaque when viewed through a union mount, an old-fashioned way of viewing multiple directories simultaneously.
• nodump prevents the file or folder from being dumped during use of the dump command to back up your system.
• sappnd, sappend sets the system append-only flag, which allows the file to be added to but not modified or deleted. Removing this flag requires enter single user mode.
• schg, schange, simmutable sets the system immutable flag, which locks out all file changes by all users of any privilege level. Removing this flag requires single user mode to be entered.
• uappnd, uappend sets the user append-only flag. This can be set by the file owner and can be unset by the owner without escalating privileges. Since it locks the file, with sappnd or schg at lower security, it’s used far more frequently.
• uchg, uchange, uimmutable sets the user immutable flag, which has the same relationship to the system immutable flag as the uappnd flag has to sappnd .
• hidden sets the hidden flag. This hides the item within the Finder GUI and ls commands.

Clearing Flags on macOS

To clear a given flag, set its opposite. In most cases, this means prepending “no” to your command. In the case of nodump, use the dump flag to clear, like so:

More standard terms can be reversed with the “no” prefix, like so:

As with chmod, a recursive flag is available:

Once flags have been cleared, you’ll be free to change the ownership and permissions of the file as expected.

Using Attributes on Unix

Unix runs a similar system on the backend, but it’s handled with different commands. On the most popular Linux platforms, you’ll instead have access to chattr and lsattr . These flags are used for changing and viewing “attributes,” which is what flags go by on most other Unix installs.

Attributes can be viewed with lsattr :

Changing attributes relies on a code of initialism and are listed in the chattr man page:

“The letters ‘acdeijstuADST’ select the new attributes for the files: append only (a), compressed (c), no dump (d), extent format (e), immutable (i), data journalling (j), secure deletion (s), no tail-merging (t), undeletable (u), no atime updates (A), synchronous directory updates (D), synchronous updates (S), and top of directory hierarchy (T).”

The command looks like so:

That sets the secure deletion attribute for the specified path.

Wrapping Up

Flags are most useful when limiting who can change a file. By locking files, you can prevent tampering or accidental edits at a filesystem level. Without escalation to root or the file owner, these privileges cannot be changed, so they’re moderately secure.

Alexander Fox is a tech and science writer based in Philadelphia, PA with one cat, three Macs and more USB cables than he could ever use.

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VOX: MP3 & FLAC Music Player 4+

Coppertino Inc.

• • 2,7 • Оценок: 101

• • Бесплатно
  • Включает встроенные покупки

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#1 Hi-Res audio player for Mac & iPhone. Music just sounds better!

*NEW*
Introducing VOX Premium – Your Ultimate Music Experience. VOX Premium adds a stunning cloud streaming features and unlimited music storage without a decline in quality. Sync, stream and cache your entire music library on Mac and iPhone in a way that suits you best!

Listen to your music regardless of the format:
• Play numerous lossy and lossless (FLAC, APE, WAV, DSD, etc.) audio formats;
• Export playlists in various formats (PLS, M3U, XSPF);
• Open different playlist types including M3U, PLS, XSPF, and the popular CUE format used to store CD rips;
• Play audio files stored on NAS devices and other network drives.

Manage your music easily:
• Control the player from the main interface, Dock context menu or main menu controls;
• Automatically search for all the missing album artwork from MusicBrainz and Last.fm databases;
• Use keyboard media keys, headphones controls, and Apple Remote to control the playback (requires VOX Preference Pane);
• Easily add music via smart drop zones, open dialog and Finder context menu;
• Use the Equalizer with presets & custom mode, crossfade, fade on play/pause, converting music to 5.1 or 7.1 format;
• Preview album artwork from your Dock icon;
• Gapless playback support;
• Get system or Growl playback notifications.

Focus on music, not the source:
• Work with different audio sources including custom Playlists, iTunes Library, online radio and much more;
• Scrobble to Last.fm to keep your listening stats up-to-date;
• Play any song, any playlist you find on YouTube via VOX FLAC Player, put all your YouTube songs into one media collection.

Full SoundCloud integration:
• Easily control SoundCloud via VOX;
• Access the largest music database in the world and discover new tunes;
• Bring your SoundCloud stream and likes directly into VOX.

YouTube source:
• Press CMD+U and paste any link from YouTube to play it in VOX. You can add it to VOX collections as well.

Last.fm:
• Scrobbling for your music stream;

Radio access for VOX Premium subscribers (**NEW**):
• 30’000+ Radio stations categorized by genres and countries!

Equip yourself with all of the audiophile tools of VOX Premium:
• Advanced Audio Features: HOG Mode; Improved multi-output device support;
• Convert stereophonic audio in your headphones to binaural using Bauer DSP (BS2B) technology;
• Automatically Pause playback on headphones disconnection;
• Take full advantage of AirPlay (10.8+) to listen with any of your wireless output devices.
• VOX also supports SONOS wireless speakers systems.

The beauty of VOX Player is in its simplicity, yet behind the minimal exterior lies a powerful Music Player with a ton of features and support for all audio formats you may ever need.

VOX Premium is available by auto-renewable subscriptions:

— $4.99 per month;
— $49.99 per year.

Your credit card will be charged through your iTunes Account after the purchase confirmation. Your subscription will automatically renew unless auto-renew is turned off at least 24-hours before the end of the current period.
Your subscriptions can be managed in your iTunes Account Settings after purchase is made. No cancellation of the current subscription is allowed during active subscription period. Any unused portion of a free trial period will be forfeited when you purchase a subscription.

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