Command Window

The Command window is used to execute commands or aliases directly in the Visual Studio integrated development environment (IDE). You can execute both menu commands and commands that do not appear on any menu. To display the Command window, choose Other Windows from the View menu, and select Command Window.

Displaying the Values of Variables

To check the value of a variable varA , use the Print Command:

The question mark (?) is an alias for Debug.Print , so this command can also be written:

Both versions of this command will return the value of the variable varA .

Entering Commands

The greater than symbol ( > ) appears at the left edge of the Command window as a prompt for new lines. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to scroll through previously issued commands.

Task	Solution	Example
Evaluate an expression.	Preface the expression with a question mark ( ? ).	? myvar
Switch to an Immediate window.	Enter immed into the window without the greater than sign (>)	immed
Switch back to the Command window from an Immediate window.	Enter cmd into the window.	>cmd

The following shortcuts help you navigate while in Command mode.

Action	Cursor location	Keybinding
Cycle through the list of previously entered commands.	Input line	UP ARROW & DOWN ARROW
Scroll up the window.	Command window contents	CTRL+UP ARROW
Scroll down the window.	Command window contents	DOWN ARROW or CTRL+DOWN ARROW

You can copy all or part of a previous command to the input line by scrolling to it, highlighting all or part of it, and then pressing ENTER.

Mark Mode

When you click on any previous line in the Command window, you shift automatically into Mark mode. This allows you to select, edit, and copy the text of previous commands as you would in any text editor, and paste them into the current line.

The Equals (=) Sign

The window used to enter the EvaluateStatement command determines whether an equals sign (=) is interpreted as a comparison operator or as an assignment operator.

In the Command window, an equals sign (=) is interpreted as a comparison operator. You cannot use assignment operators in the Command window. So, for example, if the values of variables varA and varB are different, then the command >Debug.EvaluateStatement(varA=varB) will return a value of False .

In the Immediate window, by contrast, an equals sign (=) is interpreted as an assignment operator. So, for example, the command >Debug.EvaluateStatement(varA=varB) will assign to variable varA the value of variable varB .

Parameters, Switches, and Values

Some Visual Studio commands have required and optional arguments, switches and values. Certain rules apply when dealing with such commands. The following is an example of a rich command to clarify the terminology.

In this example,

Edit.ReplaceInFiles is the command

/case and /pattern:regex are switches (prefaced with the slash [/] character)

regex is the value of the /pattern switch; the /case switch has no value

var3+ and oldpar are parameters

Any command, parameter, switch, or value that contains spaces must have double quotation marks on either side.

The position of switches and parameters can be interchanged freely on the command line with the exception of the Shell command, which requires its switches and parameters in a specific order.

Nearly every switch supported by a command has two forms: a short (one character) form and a long form. Multiple short-form switches can be combined into a group. For example, /p /g /m can be expressed alternately as /pgm .

If short-form switches are combined into a group and given a value, that value applies to every switch. For example, /pgm:123 equates to /p:123 /g:123 /m:123 . An error occurs if any of the switches in the group does not accept a value.

Escape Characters

A caret (^) character in a command line means that the character immediately following it is interpreted literally, rather than as a control character. This can be used to embed straight quotation marks («), spaces, leading slashes, carets, or any other literal characters in a parameter or switch value, with the exception of switch names. For example,

A caret functions the same whether it is inside or outside quotation marks. If a caret is the last character on the line, it is ignored. The example shown here demonstrates how to search for the pattern «^t».

Use Quotes for Path Names with Spaces

If, for example, you want to open a file that has a path containing spaces, you must put double quotes around the path or path segment that contains spaces: C:\»Program Files» or «C:\Program Files».

Highlight Bash/shell code in Markdown files

How can I highlight the Bash/shell commands in Markdown files?

For example, to highlight js , I write:

To highlight HTML code I use «`html .

How can we highlight Bash/shell commands?

7 Answers 7

It depends on the Markdown rendering engine and the Markdown flavour. There is no standard for this. If you mean GitHub flavoured Markdown for example, shell should work fine. Aliases are sh , bash or zsh . You can find the list of available syntax lexers here.

If you are looking to highlight a shell session command sequence as it looks to the user (with prompts, not just as contents of a hypothetical script file), then the right identifier to use at the moment is console:

Code blocks are part of the Markdown spec, but syntax highlighting isn’t.

However, many renderers — like GitHub’s and Markdown Here — support syntax highlighting. Which languages are supported and how those language names should be written will vary from renderer to renderer. Markdown Here supports highlighting for dozens of languages (and not-really-languages, like diffs and HTTP headers); to see the complete list, and how to write the language names, see the highlight.js demo page.

Although I could not find any official GitHub documentation about using highlight.js , I’ve tested lots of languages and seemed to be working

Some shell samples:

If I need only to highlight the first word as a command, I often use properties :

I obtain something like:

npm run build

Using the knitr package:

You can also use:

• engine=’sh’ for shell
• engine=’python’ for Python
• engine=’perl’ , engine=’haskell’ and a bunch of other C-like languages and even gawk , AWK, etc.

Per the documentation from GitHub regarding GFM syntax highlighted code blocks

We use Linguist to perform language detection and syntax highlighting. You can find out which keywords are valid in the languages YAML file.

Rendered on GitHub, console makes the lines after the console blue. bash , sh , or shell don’t seem to «highlight» much . and you can use posh for PowerShell or CMD.

Bitbucket uses CodeMirror for syntax highlighting. For Bash or shell you can use sh , bash , or zsh . More information can be found at Configuring syntax highlighting for file extensions and Code mirror language modes.

Keyboard shortcuts in Windows

Learn more about screenshots with Snip & Sketch

If you are trying to take a screenshot or screengrab, see How to take and annotate screenshots on Windows 10.

Keyboard shortcuts are keys or combinations of keys that provide an alternative way to do something that you’d typically do with a mouse. Click an option below, and it’ll open to display a table of related shortcuts:

Cut the selected item.

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)

Copy the selected item.

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)

Paste the selected item.

Switch between open apps.

Close the active item, or exit the active app.

Windows logo key + L

Windows logo key + D

Display and hide the desktop.

Rename the selected item.

Search for a file or folder in File Explorer.

Display the address bar list in File Explorer.

Refresh the active window.

Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop.

Activate the Menu bar in the active app.

Show your password on the sign-in screen.

Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened.

Alt + underlined letter

Perform the command for that letter.

Display properties for the selected item.

Open the shortcut menu for the active window.

Alt + Left arrow

Alt + Right arrow

Move up one screen.

Move down one screen.

Close the active document (in apps that are full-screen and let you have multiple documents open at the same time).

Select all items in a document or window.

Ctrl + D (or Delete)

Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin.

Refresh the active window.

Ctrl + Right arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word.

Ctrl + Left arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.

Ctrl + Down arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph.

Use the arrow keys to switch between all open apps.

Alt + Shift + arrow keys

When a group or tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it in the direction specified.

Ctrl + Shift + arrow keys

When a tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it into another tile to create a folder.

Ctrl + arrow keys

Resize the Start menu when it’s open.

Ctrl + arrow key (to move to an item) + Spacebar

Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop.

Ctrl + Shift with an arrow key

Select a block of text.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc

Open Task Manager.

Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are available.

Turn the Chinese input method editor (IME) on or off.

Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.

Shift with any arrow key

Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document.

Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first.

Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu.

Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu.

Stop or leave the current task.

Take a screenshot of your whole screen and copy it to the clipboard.

You can change this shortcut so it also opens screen snipping, which lets you edit your screenshot. Select Start > Settings > Ease of Access > Keyboard, and turn on the toggle under Print Screen shortcut.

Windows logo key

Open or close Start.

Windows logo key + A

Open Action center.

Windows logo key + B

Set focus in the notification area.

Windows logo key + C

Open Cortana in listening mode.

This shortcut is turned off by default. To turn it on, select Start > Settings > Cortana, and turn on the toggle under Let Cortana listen for my commands when I press the Windows logo key + C.

Cortana is available only in certain countries/regions, and some Cortana features might not be available everywhere. If Cortana isn’t available or is turned off, you can still use search.

Windows logo key + Shift + C

Open the charms menu.

Windows logo key + D

Display and hide the desktop.

Windows logo key + Alt + D

Display and hide the date and time on the desktop.

Windows logo key + E

Open File Explorer.

Windows logo key + F

Open Feedback Hub and take a screenshot.

Windows logo key + G

Open Game bar when a game is open.

Windows logo key + H

Windows logo key + I

Windows logo key + J

Set focus to a Windows tip when one is available.

When a Windows tip appears, bring focus to the Tip. Pressing the keyboard shortcuts again to bring focus to the element on the screen to which the Windows tip is anchored.

Windows logo key + K

Open the Connect quick action.

Windows logo key + L

Lock your PC or switch accounts.

Windows logo key + M

Minimize all windows.

Windows logo key + O

Lock device orientation.

Windows logo key + P

Choose a presentation display mode.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Q

Open Quick Assist.

Windows logo key + R

Open the Run dialog box.

Windows logo key + S

Windows logo key + Shift + S

Take a screenshot of part of your screen.

Windows logo key + T

Cycle through apps on the taskbar.

Windows logo key + U

Open Ease of Access Center.

Windows logo key + V

Open the clipboard.

To activate this shortcut, select Start > Settings > System > Clipboard, and turn on the toggle under Clipboard history.

Windows logo key + Shift + V

Cycle through notifications.

Windows logo key + X

Open the Quick Link menu.

Windows logo key + Y

Switch input between Windows Mixed Reality and your desktop.

Windows logo key + Z

Show the commands available in an app in full-screen mode.

Windows logo key + period (.) or semicolon (;)

Open emoji panel.

Windows logo key + comma (,)

Temporarily peek at the desktop.

Windows logo key + Pause

Display the System Properties dialog box.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + F

Search for PCs (if you’re on a network).

Windows logo key + Shift + M

Restore minimized windows on the desktop.

Windows logo key + number

Open the desktop and start the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the app is already running, switch to that app.

Windows logo key + Shift + number

Open the desktop and start a new instance of the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + number

Open the desktop and switch to the last active window of the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

Windows logo key + Alt + number

Open the desktop and open the Jump List for the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Shift + number

Open the desktop and open a new instance of the app located at the given position on the taskbar as an administrator.

Windows logo key + Tab

Windows logo key + Up arrow

Maximize the window.

Windows logo key + Down arrow

Remove current app from screen or minimize the desktop window.

Windows logo key + Left arrow

Maximize the app or desktop window to the left side of the screen.

Windows logo key + Right arrow

Maximize the app or desktop window to the right side of the screen.

Windows logo key + Home

Minimize all except the active desktop window (restores all windows on second stroke).

Windows logo key + Shift + Up arrow

Stretch the desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen.

Windows logo key + Shift + Down arrow

Restore/minimize active desktop windows vertically, maintaining width.

Windows logo key + Shift + Left arrow or Right arrow

Move an app or window in the desktop from one monitor to another.

Windows logo key + Spacebar

Switch input language and keyboard layout.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Spacebar

Change to a previously selected input.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Enter

Turn on Narrator.

Windows logo key + Plus (+)

Windows logo key + forward slash (/)

Begin IME reconversion.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + V

Open shoulder taps.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Shift + B

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)

Copy the selected text.

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)

Paste the selected text.

Enter Mark mode.

Alt + selection key

Begin selection in block mode.

Move the cursor in the direction specified.

Move the cursor by one page up.

Move the cursor by one page down.

Ctrl + Home (Mark mode)

Move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer.

Ctrl + End (Mark mode)

Move the cursor to the end of the buffer.

Move up one line in the output history.

Ctrl + Down arrow

Move down one line in the output history.

Ctrl + Home (History navigation)

If the command line is empty, move the viewport to the top of the buffer. Otherwise, delete all the characters to the left of the cursor in the command line.

Ctrl + End (History navigation)

If the command line is empty, move the viewport to the command line. Otherwise, delete all the characters to the right of the cursor in the command line.

Display the items in the active list.

Move forward through tabs.

Ctrl + Shift + Tab

Move back through tabs.

Ctrl + number (number 1–9)

Move to nth tab.

Move forward through options.

Move back through options.

Alt + underlined letter

Perform the command (or select the option) that is used with that letter.

Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box.

Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box.

Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons.

Select the address bar.

Select the search box.

Select the search box.

Open a new window.

Close the active window.

Ctrl + mouse scroll wheel

Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons.

Display all folders above the selected folder.

Create a new folder.

Num Lock + asterisk (*)

Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

Display the contents of the selected folder.

Num Lock + minus (-)

Collapse the selected folder.

Display the preview panel.

Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item.

Alt + Right arrow

View the next folder.

View the folder that the folder was in.

Alt + Left arrow

View the previous folder.

View the previous folder.

Display the current selection (if it’s collapsed), or select the first subfolder.

Collapse the current selection (if it’s expanded), or select the folder that the folder was in.

Display the bottom of the active window.

Display the top of the active window.

Maximize or minimize the active window.

Windows logo key + Tab

Windows logo key + Ctrl + D

Add a virtual desktop.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Right arrow

Switch between virtual desktops you’ve created on the right.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Left arrow

Switch between virtual desktops you’ve created on the left.

Windows logo key + Ctrl + F4

Close the virtual desktop you’re using.

Shift + click a taskbar button

Open an app or quickly open another instance of an app.

Ctrl + Shift + click a taskbar button

Open an app as an administrator.

Shift + right-click a taskbar button

Show the window menu for the app.

Shift + right-click a grouped taskbar button

Show the window menu for the group.

Ctrl + click a grouped taskbar button

Cycle through the windows of the group.

Windows logo key + I

Go back to the settings home page.

Type on any page with search box

Additional keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are keys or combinations of keys that provide an alternative way to do something that you’d typically do with a mouse. Click an option below, and it’ll open to display a table of related shortcuts:

The following table contains common keyboard shortcuts for Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1.

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)

Copy the selected item

Cut the selected item

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)

Paste the selected item

Switch between open apps

Close the active item, or exit the active app

Windows logo key + L

Lock your PC or switch accounts

Windows logo key + D

Display and hide the desktop

The following table contains new keyboard shortcuts that you can use in Windows.

Windows logo key + start typing

Ctrl + plus (+) or Ctrl + minus (-)

Zoom in or out of a large number of items, like apps pinned to the Start screen

Ctrl + scroll wheel

Zoom in or out of a large number of items, like apps pinned to the Start screen

Windows logo key‌ + C

Open the charms

In an app, open the commands for the app

Windows logo key + F

Open the Search charm to search files

Windows logo key + H

Open the Share charm

Windows logo key + I

Open the Settings charm

Windows logo key + K

Open the Devices charm

Windows logo key‌ + O

Lock the screen orientation (portrait or landscape)

Windows logo key‌ + Q

Open the Search charm to search everywhere or within an open app (if the app supports app search)

Windows logo key + S

Open the Search charm to search Windows and the web

Windows logo key‌ + W

Open the Search charm to search settings

Windows logo key‌ + Z

Show the commands available in the app

Note: You can also see some settings and options by going to the Settings charm when the app is open.

Windows logo key‌ + spacebar

Switch input language and keyboard layout

Windows logo key‌ + Ctrl + spacebar

Change to a previously selected input

Windows logo key‌ + Tab

Cycle through recently used apps (except desktop apps)

Windows logo key‌ + Ctrl + Tab

Cycle through recently used apps (except desktop apps)

Windows logo key‌ + Shift + Tab

Cycle through recently used apps (except desktop apps) in reverse order

Windows logo key‌ + Shift + period (.)

Snaps an app to the left

Windows logo key‌ + period (.)

Cycle through open apps

Stop or exit the current task

Windows logo key‌ + Ctrl + Shift + B

The following table contains general keyboard shortcuts in Windows.

Rename the selected item

Search for a file or folder

Display the address bar list in File Explorer

Refresh the active window

Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop

Activate the Menu bar in the active app

Close the active item, or exit the active app

Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened

Alt + underlined letter

Perform the command for that letter

Display properties for the selected item

Open the shortcut menu for the active window

Alt + Left arrow

Alt + Right arrow

Move up one screen

Move down one screen

Switch between open apps (except desktop apps)

Close the active document (in apps that are full-screen and allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)

Select all items in a document or window

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)

Copy the selected item

Ctrl + D (or Delete)

Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin

Refresh the active window

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)

Paste the selected item

Cut the selected item

Ctrl + plus (+) or Ctrl + minus (-)

Zoom in or out of a large number of items, like apps pinned to the Start screen

Ctrl + mouse scroll wheel

Change the size of desktop icons or zoom in or out of a large number of items, like apps pinned to the Start screen

Ctrl + Right arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word

Ctrl + Left arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word

Ctrl + Down arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph

Use the arrow keys to switch between all open apps

Ctrl + arrow key (to move to an item) + Spacebar

Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop

Ctrl + Shift with an arrow key

Select a block of text

Ctrl + Shift + Esc

Open Task Manager

Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are available

Turn the Chinese input method editor (IME) on or off

Display the shortcut menu for the selected item

Shift with any arrow key

Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document

Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first

Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu

Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu

Stop or leave the current task

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that use the Windows logo key .

Windows logo key + F1

Open Windows Help and Support

Windows logo key

Display or hide the Start screen

Windows logo key + B

Set focus in the notification area

Windows logo key‌ + C

Open the Charms

Windows logo key + D

Display and hide the desktop

Windows logo key + E

Open File Explorer

Windows logo key + F

Open the Search charm and search for files

Windows logo key + H

Open the Share charm

Windows logo key + I

Open the Settings charm

Windows logo key + K

Open the Devices charm

Windows logo key + L

Lock your PC or switch people

Windows logo key + M

Minimize all windows

Windows logo key + O

Lock device orientation

Windows logo key + P

Choose a presentation display mode

Windows logo key + Q

Open the Search charm to search everywhere or within the open app (if the app supports app search)

Windows logo key + R

Open the Run dialog box

Windows logo key + S

Open the Search charm to search Windows and the web

Windows logo key + T

Cycle through apps on the taskbar

Windows logo key + U

Open Ease of Access Center

Windows logo key + V

Cycle through notifications

Windows logo key + Shift + V

Cycle through notifications in reverse order

Windows logo key + X

Open the Quick Link menu

Windows logo key + Z

Show the commands available in an app

Note: You can also see some settings and options by going to the Settings charm when the app is open.

Windows logo key + ,

Temporarily peek at the desktop

Windows logo key + Pause

Display the System Properties dialog box

Windows logo key + Ctrl + F

Search for PCs (if you’re on a network)

Windows logo key + Shift + M

Restore minimized windows on the desktop

Windows logo key + number

Open the desktop and start the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the app is already running, switch to that app.

Windows logo key + Shift + number

Open the desktop and start a new instance of the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number

Windows logo key + Ctrl + number

Open the desktop and switch to the last active window of the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number

Windows logo key + Alt + number

Open the desktop and open the Jump List for the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Shift + number

Open the desktop and open a new instance of the app located at the given position on the taskbar as an administrator

Windows logo key + Tab

Cycle through recently used apps (except desktop apps)

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Tab

Cycle through recently used apps (except desktop apps)

Windows logo key + Shift + Tab

Cycle through recently used apps (except desktop apps) in reverse order

Windows logo key + Ctrl + B

Switch to the app that displayed a message in the notification area

Windows logo key + Up arrow

Maximize the window

Windows logo key + Down arrow

Remove current app from screen or minimize the desktop window

Windows logo key + Left arrow

Maximize the app or desktop window to the left side of the screen

Windows logo key + Right arrow

Maximize the app or desktop window to the right side of the screen

Windows logo key + Home

Minimize all but the active desktop window (restores all windows on second stroke)

Windows logo key + Shift + Up arrow

Stretch the desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen

Windows logo key + Shift + Down arrow

Restore/minimize active desktop windows vertically, maintaining width

Windows logo key + Shift + Left arrow or Right arrow

Move an app or window in the desktop from one monitor to another

Windows logo key + Spacebar

Switch input language and keyboard layout

Windows logo key + Ctrl + Spacebar

Change to a previously selected input

Windows logo key + Enter

Windows logo key + Shift + period (.)

Cycle through open apps

Windows logo key + period (.)

Cycle through open apps

Windows logo key + /

Initiate IME reconversion

Windows logo key + Alt + Enter

Open WindowsMedia Center

Windows logo key + plus (+) or minus (-)

Zoom in or out using Magnifier

Windows logo key + Esc

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that you can use in dialog boxes.

Display the items in the active list

Move forward through tabs

Ctrl + Shift + Tab

Move back through tabs

Ctrl + number (number 1–9)

Move to nth tab

Move forward through options

Move back through options

Alt + underlined letter

Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter

Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box

Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box

Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons

Select the address bar

Select the search box

Select the search box

Open a new window

Close the current window

Ctrl + mouse scroll wheel

Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons

Display all folders above the selected folder

Create a new folder

Num Lock + asterisk (*)

Display all subfolders under the selected folder

Display the contents of the selected folder

Num Lock + minus (-)

Collapse the selected folder

Display the preview pane

Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item

Alt + Right arrow

View the next folder

View the folder that the folder was in

Alt + Left arrow

View the previous folder

View the previous folder

Display the current selection (if it’s collapsed), or select the first subfolder

Collapse the current selection (if it’s expanded), or select the folder that the folder was in

Display the bottom of the active window

Display the top of the active window

Maximize or minimize the active window

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with items on the desktop taskbar.

Shift + click a taskbar button

Open an app or quickly open another instance of an app

Ctrl + Shift + click a taskbar button

Open an app as an administrator

Shift + right-click a taskbar button

Show the window menu for the app

Shift + right-click a grouped taskbar button

Show the window menu for the group

Ctrl + click a grouped taskbar button

Cycle through the windows of the group

Move between apps from left to right

Move between apps from right to left

Cycle through apps in the order that they were started

Display the Start screen

Ctrl + Alt + Break

Switch between a window and full screen

Display the Windows Security dialog box

Ctrl + Alt + Home

In full-screen mode, activate the connection bar

Display the system menu

Ctrl + Alt + minus (-) on the numeric keypad

Place a copy of the active window, within the client, on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing Alt+Print Screen on a local PC)

Ctrl + Alt + plus (+) on the numeric keypad

Place a copy of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing Print Screen on a local PC)

Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow

“Tab” out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host app (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) app.

Ctrl + Alt + Left arrow

“Tab” out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host app (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) app.

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with the Help viewer.

Move the cursor to the search box

Display the Options menu

Move to the beginning of a topic

Move to the end of a topic

Alt + Left arrow

Move back to the previously viewed topic

Alt + Right arrow

Move forward to the next (previously viewed) topic

Display the Help and Support home page

Display the customer support page

Display the Table of Contents

Display the Connection Settings menu

Search the current topic

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for rearranging modern apps.

Note: Keep the Windows logo key pressed down continuously while you’re rearranging apps, from the moment you enter rearrange mode and through all the various rearrange commands. When you’re done rearranging, release your finger from the Windows logo key to select the current arrangement.

Windows logo key + . (period)

Enter rearrange mode and select apps or dividers across monitors

Windows logo key + left arrow

Move app divider left

Windows logo key + right arrow

Move app divider right

Windows logo key + up arrow

Windows logo key + down arrow

Windows logo key + Esc

Exit rearrange mode

Additional keyboard shortcuts

Support for Windows 7 ended on January 14, 2020

We recommend you move to a Windows 10 PC to continue to receive security updates from Microsoft.

Keyboard shortcuts are keys or combinations of keys that provide an alternative way to do something that you’d typically do with a mouse. Click an option below, and it’ll open to display a table of related shortcuts:

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)

Copy the selected item

Cut the selected item

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)

Paste the selected item

Delete (or Ctrl + D)

Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin

Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first

Rename the selected item

Ctrl + Right Arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word

Ctrl + Left Arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word

Ctrl + Down Arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph

Ctrl + Shift with an arrow key

Select a block of text

Shift with any arrow key

Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document

Ctrl with any arrow key + Spacebar

Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop

Select all items in a document or window

Search for a file or folder

Display properties for the selected item

Close the active item, or exit the active program

Open the shortcut menu for the active window

Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)

Switch between open items

Use the arrow keys to switch between open items

Ctrl + Mouse scroll wheel

Change the size of icons on the desktop

Windows logo key + Tab

Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D

Ctrl+Windows logo key + Tab

Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D

Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened

Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop

Display the address bar list in Windows Explorer

Display the shortcut menu for the selected item

Open the Start menu

Alt + underlined letter

Display the corresponding menu

Alt + underlined letter

Perform the menu command (or other underlined command)

Activate the menu bar in the active program

Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu

Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu

Refresh the active window

View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer

Cancel the current task

Ctrl + Shift + Esc

Open Task Manager

Shift when you insert a CD

Prevent the CD from automatically playing

Left Alt + Shift

Switch the input language when multiple input languages are enabled

Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are enabled

Right or Left Ctrl + Shift

Change the reading direction of text in right-to-left reading languages

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for use in dialog boxes.

Move forward through tabs

Ctrl + Shift + Tab

Move back through tabs

Move forward through options

Move back through options

Alt + underlined letter

Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter

Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands

Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box

Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons

Display the items in the active list

Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that use the Windows logo key

Windows logo key

Open or close the Start menu.

Windows logo key + Pause

Display the System Properties dialog box.

Windows logo key + D

Display the desktop.

Windows logo key + M

Minimize all windows.

Windows logo key + Shift + M

Restore minimized windows to the desktop.

Windows logo key + E

Windows logo key + F

Search for computers (if you’re on a network).

Windows logo key + L

Lock your computer or switch users.

Windows logo key + R

Open the Run dialog box.

Windows logo key + T

Cycle through programs on the taskbar.

Windows logo key + number

Start the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the program is already running, switch to that program.

Shift+Windows logo key + number

Start a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

Ctrl+Windows logo key + number

Switch to the last active window of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

Alt+Windows logo key + number

Open the Jump List for the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

Windows logo key + Tab

Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.

Ctrl+Windows logo key + Tab

Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.

Ctrl+Windows logo key + B

Switch to the program that displayed a message in the notification area.

Windows logo key + Spacebar

Preview the desktop.

Windows logo key + Up Arrow

Maximize the window.

Windows logo key + Left Arrow

Maximize the window to the left side of the screen.

Windows logo key + Right Arrow

Maximize the window to the right side of the screen.

Windows logo key + Down Arrow

Minimize the window.

Windows logo key + Home

Minimize all but the active window.

Windows logo key + Shift + Up Arrow

Stretch the window to the top and bottom of the screen.

Windows logo key + Shift + Left Arrow or Right Arrow

Move a window from one monitor to another.

Windows logo key + P

Choose a presentation display mode.

Windows logo key + G

Cycle through gadgets.

Windows logo key + U

Open Ease of Access Center.

Windows logo key + X