Как создать Windows Forms приложение из командной строки How to: Create a Windows Forms application from the command line

В процедурах ниже описаны основные шаги, которые необходимо выполнить для создания и запуска приложения Windows Forms из командной строки. The following procedures describe the basic steps that you must complete to create and run a Windows Forms application from the command line. Visual Studio предлагает расширенную поддержку этих процедур. There is extensive support for these procedures in Visual Studio. См. также раздел Пошаговое руководство. размещение элемента управления Windows Forms в WPF. Also see Walkthrough: Hosting a Windows Forms Control in WPF.

Процедура Procedure

Создание формы To create the form

В пустом файле кода введите следующую Imports using инструкцию или: In an empty code file, type the following Imports or using statements:

Объявите класс с именем Form1 , наследуемый от класса Form: Declare a class named Form1 that inherits from the Form class:

Создайте конструктор без параметров для Form1 . Create a parameterless constructor for Form1 .

В следующий процедуре будет добавлен дополнительный код конструктора. You will add more code to the constructor in a subsequent procedure.

Добавьте в класс метод Main . Add a Main method to the class.

Примените STAThreadAttribute к Main методу C#, чтобы указать Windows Forms приложение является однопотоковым апартаментом. Apply the STAThreadAttribute to the C# Main method to specify your Windows Forms application is a single-threaded apartment. (Атрибут не является обязательным в Visual Basic, так как приложения Windows Forms, разработанные с помощью Visual Basic, по умолчанию используют модель апартамента с одним потоком.) (The attribute is not necessary in Visual Basic, since Windows forms applications developed with Visual Basic use a single-threaded apartment model by default.)

Вызовите EnableVisualStyles , чтобы применить стили операционной системы к приложению. Call EnableVisualStyles to apply operating system styles to your application.

Создайте экземпляр формы и запустите его. Create an instance of the form and run it.

Компиляция и запуск приложения To compile and run the application

В командной строке .NET Framework перейдите к папке, в которой содержится класс Form1 . At the .NET Framework command prompt, navigate to the directory you created the Form1 class.

Скомпилируйте форму. Compile the form.

Если используется C#, введите: csc form1.cs If you are using C#, type: csc form1.cs

При использовании Visual Basic введите: vbc form1.vb If you are using Visual Basic, type: vbc form1.vb

В командной строке введите следующий текст: Form1.exe . At the command prompt, type: Form1.exe

Добавление элемента управления и обработка события Adding a control and handling an event

В предыдущей процедуре продемонстрировано, как создать простейшую форму Windows Forms, скомпилировать и запустить ее. The previous procedure steps demonstrated how to just create a basic Windows Form that compiles and runs. В следующей процедуре будет показано, как создать и добавить в форму элемент управления и как обрабатывать событие для него. The next procedure will show you how to create and add a control to the form, and handle an event for the control. Дополнительные сведения об элементах управления, которые можно добавить в Windows Forms, см. в разделе элементы управления Windows Forms. For more information about the controls you can add to Windows Forms, see Windows Forms Controls.

Помимо понимания способов создания приложений Windows Forms, следует обладать общими знаниями о программировании на основе событий и способах обработки данных, введенных пользователем. In addition to understanding how to create Windows Forms applications, you should understand event-based programming and how to handle user input. Дополнительные сведения см. в статьях Создание обработчиков событий в Windows Formsи обработка входных данных пользователя . For more information, see Creating Event Handlers in Windows Forms, and Handling User Input

Объявление элемента управления типа «Кнопка» и обработка событий щелчка мышью для нее To declare a button control and handle its click event

Объявите элемент управления типа «Кнопка» с именем button1 . Declare a button control named button1 .

В конструкторе создайте кнопку и задайте ее свойства Size, Location и Text. In the constructor, create the button and set its Size, Location and Text properties.

Добавьте кнопку в форму. Add the button to the form.

В следующем примере кода показано, как объявить элемент управления Button: The following code example demonstrates how to declare the button control:

Создайте метод для обработки события Click для кнопки. Create a method to handle the Click event for the button.

В обработчике событий щелчка мышью выведите элемент управления MessageBox с сообщением «Здравствуй, мир». In the click event handler, display a MessageBox with the message, «Hello World».

В следующем примере кода показано, как обрабатывается событие Click элемента управления Button: The following code example demonstrates how to handle the button control’s click event:

Свяжите событие Click с созданным методом. Associate the Click event with the method you created.

В примере кода ниже показано, как связать событие с методом. The following code example demonstrates how to associate the event with the method.

Скомпилируйте и запустите приложение, как описано в предыдущей процедуре. Compile and run the application as described in the previous procedure.

Пример Example

В следующем примере кода приведен полный пример из предыдущих процедур. The following code example is the complete example from the previous procedures:

How to: Create a Windows Forms application from the command line

The following procedures describe the basic steps that you must complete to create and run a Windows Forms application from the command line. There is extensive support for these procedures in Visual Studio. Also see Walkthrough: Hosting a Windows Forms Control in WPF.

Procedure

To create the form

In an empty code file, type the following Imports or using statements:

Declare a class named Form1 that inherits from the Form class:

Create a parameterless constructor for Form1 .

You will add more code to the constructor in a subsequent procedure.

Add a Main method to the class.

Apply the STAThreadAttribute to the C# Main method to specify your Windows Forms application is a single-threaded apartment. (The attribute is not necessary in Visual Basic, since Windows forms applications developed with Visual Basic use a single-threaded apartment model by default.)

Call EnableVisualStyles to apply operating system styles to your application.

Create an instance of the form and run it.

To compile and run the application

At the .NET Framework command prompt, navigate to the directory you created the Form1 class.

Compile the form.

If you are using C#, type: csc form1.cs

If you are using Visual Basic, type: vbc form1.vb

At the command prompt, type: Form1.exe

Adding a control and handling an event

The previous procedure steps demonstrated how to just create a basic Windows Form that compiles and runs. The next procedure will show you how to create and add a control to the form, and handle an event for the control. For more information about the controls you can add to Windows Forms, see Windows Forms Controls.

In addition to understanding how to create Windows Forms applications, you should understand event-based programming and how to handle user input. For more information, see Creating Event Handlers in Windows Forms, and Handling User Input

To declare a button control and handle its click event

Declare a button control named button1 .

In the constructor, create the button and set its Size, Location and Text properties.

Add the button to the form.

The following code example demonstrates how to declare the button control:

Create a method to handle the Click event for the button.

In the click event handler, display a MessageBox with the message, «Hello World».

The following code example demonstrates how to handle the button control’s click event:

Associate the Click event with the method you created.

The following code example demonstrates how to associate the event with the method.

Compile and run the application as described in the previous procedure.

Example

The following code example is the complete example from the previous procedures:

Step 1: Create a Windows Forms App project

When you create a picture viewer, the first step is to create a Windows Forms App project.

Open Visual Studio 2017

On the menu bar, choose File > New > Project. The dialog box should look similar to the following screenshot.

New project dialog box

On the left side of the New Project dialog box, choose either Visual C# or Visual Basic, and then choose Windows Desktop.

In the project templates list, choose Windows Forms App (.NET Framework). Name the new form PictureViewer, and then choose the OK button.

If you don’t see the Windows Forms App (.NET Framework) template, use the Visual Studio Installer to install the .NET desktop development workload.

For more information, see the Install Visual Studio page.

Open Visual Studio 2019

On the start window, choose Create a new project.

On the Create a new project window, enter or type Windows Forms in the search box. Next, choose Desktop from the Project type list.

After you apply the Project type filter, choose the Windows Forms App (.NET Framework) template for either C# or Visual Basic, and then choose Next.

If you don’t see the Windows Forms App (.NET Framework) template, you can install it from the Create a new project window. In the Not finding what you’re looking for? message, choose the Install more tools and features link.

Next, in the Visual Studio Installer, choose the Choose the .NET desktop development workload.

After that, choose the Modify button in the Visual Studio Installer. You might be prompted to save your work; if so, do so. Next, choose Continue to install the workload.

In the Configure your new project window, type or enter PictureViewer in the Project name box. Then, choose Create.

Visual Studio creates a solution for your app. A solution acts as a container for all of the projects and files needed by your app. These terms will be explained in more detail later in this tutorial.

About the Windows Forms App project

The development environment contains three windows: a main window, Solution Explorer, and the Properties window.

If any of these windows are missing, you can restore the default window layout. On the menu bar, choose Window > Reset Window Layout.

You can also display windows by using menu commands. On the menu bar, choose View > Properties Window or Solution Explorer.

If any other windows are open, close them by choosing the Close (x) button in their upper-right corners.

• Main window In this window, you’ll do most of your work, such as working with forms and editing code. The window shows a form in the Form Editor. At the top of the window, the Start Page tab and the Form1.cs [Design] tab appear. (In Visual Basic, the tab name ends with .vb instead of .cs.)

• Main window In this window, you’ll do most of your work, such as working with forms and editing code. The window shows a form in the Form Editor.

• Solution Explorer window In this window, you can view and navigate to all items in your solution.

If you choose a file, the contents of the Properties window changes. If you open a code file (which ends in .cs in C# and .vb in Visual Basic), the code file or a designer for the code file appears. A designer is a visual surface onto which you can add controls such as buttons and lists. For Visual Studio forms, the designer is called the Windows Forms Designer.

Properties window In this window, you can change the properties of items that you choose in the other windows. For example, if you choose Form1, you can change its title by setting the Text property, and you can change the background color by setting the Backcolor property.

The top line in Solution Explorer shows Solution ‘PictureViewer’ (1 project), which means that Visual Studio created a solution for you. A solution can contain more than one project, but for now, you’ll work with solutions that contain only one project.

On the menu bar, choose File > Save All.

As an alternative, choose the Save All button on the toolbar, which the following image shows.

Save All toolbar button

Visual Studio automatically fills in the folder name and the project name and then saves the project in your projects folder.

Next steps

To go to the next tutorial step, see Step 2: Run your app.

To return to the overview topic, see Tutorial 1: Create a picture viewer.