How to get system info linux

Смотрим информацию о системе в Linux (Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora)

Тем кто только-только пересел с операционной системы Windows на более сложный Linux, порой бывает сложно выполнить те операции, которые на знакомой ОС делались за пару секунд.
Одна из подобных задач — посмотреть основную информацию о системе: какой стоит процессор, материнская плата, версия операционной системы, разрядность, ядро и т.п. В старой доброй Windows достаточно было вывести свойства системы или открыть диспетчер задач. А тут всё сложнее. Но вся сила Линукс — в консоли и есть ряд специальных команд командой строки, которые помогут узнать всю необходимую информацию о Вашей ОС Linux, будь то Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora или иной дистрибутив. Сейчас я Вам их покажу!

hwinfo — эта утилита выдаёт массу информации о комплектующих: процессоре, материнской плате, оперативной памяти, видеокарте, жесткому диску и т.п. К сожалению, не во всех дистрибутивах она присутствует, но установить ещё случай чего — проще простого:
— в Debian, Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install hwinfo
— в Fedora и Red Hat: yum install hwinfo

Чтобы вывести основную информацию, воспользуйтесь ключом —short.

lshw — эта команда выдаёт полную информацию о аппаратной части компьютера или ноутбука.

Конечно, до уровная утилиты hwinfo ещё далеко, но основную информацию получить вполне реально. Команда lshw выполняется с правами рута — sudo lshw.

cat /proc/cpuinfo — вывод полной информации о процессоре, установленном на ПК.

cat /proc/meminfo — подробные данные о полном объёме оперативной памяти, сколько её занято и сколько свободно.

free -m — команда похожа по результату на предыдущую, за тем лишь результатом, что вывод будет в виде небольшой таблицы.

lspci | grep VGA — эта директива отобразит информацию по установленной видеокарте.

lspci | grep Audio — смотрим какая на компьютере установлена звуковая карта.

df -H — подробная информация по разделам жесткого диска, их объём и текущая загрузка.

lspci | grep Ethernet — модель и производитель сетевого адаптера ПК.

uname -a — эта команда отобразит в консоли основные данные по операционной системе Linux — версию ядра, дистрибутива, а так же используемую архитектуру — 32 или 64 бита).

uname -r — выводится информация о версии ядра ОС.

cat /proc/version — вывод команды полностью аналогичен предыдущей.

lsb_release -a — здесь в качестве результата выполнения команды будет название установленного дистибутива Линукс и его версия:

cat /etc/*release* — результат выполнения команды будет во много аналогичным предшествующей директиве. То есть будет показана инфа о дистрибутиве и его версии.

Важное отличие — если Вы используете ОС построенную на каком либо дистрибутиве, то команда отобразить и информацию о базовом дистрибутиве Линукс.

ls -clt / | tail -n 1 | awk ‘< print $7, $6, $8 >’ — эта команда отобразит Вам дату и время установки системы.

ls -dl /var/log/installer/ — эта команда Linux так же позволяет узнать дату и время установки системы.

cat /etc/issue — результат выполнения команды аналогичен предыдущей. Вам будет показана версия дистрибутива ОС.
С помощью этого списка основных команд Вы сможете без проблем посмотреть и узнать основную информацию о ПК и операционной системе.

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Linux Command To Find the System Configuration And Hardware Information

W hat is the command to find the system configuration on Linux operating system using command line (text) mode?

On Linux based system most of the hardware information can be extracted from /proc file system, for example display CPU and Memory information, enter:

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Intermediate
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	None
Est. reading time	10 minutes

cat /proc/meminfo
cat /proc/cpuinfo

The following list summarizes commands to get various hardware from the system:

Linux cpu/hardware information

Use any one of the following command:
# less /proc/cpuinfo
OR
# lscpu
Sample outputs:

Linux show free and used memory in the system

Use any one of the following command:
# cat /proc/meminfo
OR
# free
# free -m
# free -mt
# free -gt
Sample outputs:

You can also run top/htop/atop commands to see used and free memory and cpu usage and more:
# top
# htop
# atop

Find ram speed and max supported ram by the server

# dmidecode —type 17
# lshw -short -C memory
# perl memconf.v3.06.pl -v
Sample outputs:

Linux find out the current running kernel version

Type the following command:
# cat /proc/version
Sample outputs:

OR use the following command:
# uname -mrs
# uname -a

Find out information about the Linux distribution and version

# lsb_release -a
Sample outputs:

OR use the following command:
$ cat /etc/*release*
Sample outputs:

List all PCI devices

# lspci
Sample outputs:

List all USB devices

# lsusb
Sample outputs:

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List all block devices (hard disks, cdrom, and others)

# lsblk
Sample outputs:

Display installed hard disk and size

# fdisk -l | grep ‘^Disk /dev/’
Sample outputs:

Display information about hardware RAID

See info about Adaptec hardware RAID:
# arcconf getconfig DEV
# /usr/StorMan/arcconf getconfig 1
See info about 3ware hardware RAID:
# tw_cli /dev show
# tw_cli /c0 show

Say hello to lshw

The lshw is a small command line tool to extract detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine. It can report exact memory configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration, bus speed, etc. on DMI-capable x86 or IA-64 systems and on some PowerPC machines (PowerMac G4 is known to work):
# lshw | more
# lshw -html > output.htmlq
# lshw -short | less
Sample outputs:

Dump all hardware information

Type the following command to see your motherboard, cpu, vendor, serial-numbers, RAM, disks, and other information directly from the system BIOS:
# dmidecode | less
Sample outputs:

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10 Commands to Collect System and Hardware Info in Linux

It is always a good practice to know the hardware components of your Linux system is running on, this helps you to deal with compatibility issues when it comes to installing packages, drivers on your system using yum, dnf, or apt.

10 Commands to Check Hardware and System Information in Linux

Therefore in these tips and tricks series, we shall look at some useful commands that can help you to extract information about your Linux system and hardware components.

1. How to View Linux System Information

To know only the system name, you can use the uname command without any switch that will print system information or the uname -s command will print the kernel name of your system.

To view your network hostname, use the ‘-n’ switch with the uname command as shown.

To get information about kernel-version, use the ‘-v’ switch.

To get the information about your kernel release, use the ‘-r’ switch.

To print your machine hardware name, use the ‘-m’ switch:

All this information can be printed at once by running the ‘uname -a’ command as shown below.

2. How to View Linux System Hardware Information

Here you can use the lshw tool to gather vast information about your hardware components such as cpu, disks, memory, usb controllers, etc.

lshw is a relatively small tool and there are few options that you can use with it while extracting information. The information provided by lshw was gathered from different /proc files.

Note: Do remember that the lshw command is executed by the superuser (root) or sudo user.

To print information about your Linux system hardware, run this command.

You can print a summary of your hardware information by using the -short option.

If you wish to generate output as an html file, you can use the option -html.

Generate Linux Hardware Information in HTML

3. How to View Linux CPU Information

To view information about your CPU, use the lscpu command as it shows information about your CPU architecture such as a number of CPUs, cores, CPU family model, CPU caches, threads, etc from sysfs and /proc/cpuinfo.

4. How to Collect Linux Block Device Information

Block devices are storage devices such as hard disks, flash drives, etc. lsblk command is used to report information about block devices as follows.

If you want to view all block devices on your system then include the -a option.

5. How to Print USB Controllers Information

The lsusb command is used to report information about USB controllers and all the devices that are connected to them.

You can use the -v option to generate detailed information about each USB device.

6. How to Print PCI Devices Information

PCI devices may include usb ports, graphics cards, network adapters, etc. The lspci tool is used to generate information concerning all PCI controllers on your system plus the devices that are connected to them.

To print information about PCI devices run the following command.

Use the -t option to produce output in a tree format.

Use the -v option to produce detailed information about each connected device.

7. How to Print SCSI Devices Information

To view all your scsi/sata devices, use the lsscsi command as follows. If you do not have the lsscsi tool installed, run the following command to install it.

After installation, run the lsscsi command as shown:

Use the -s option to show device sizes.

8. How to Print Information about SATA Devices

You can find some information about sata devices on your system as follows using the hdparm utility. In the example below, I used the block device /dev/sda1 which is the hard disk on my system.

To print information about device geometry in terms of cylinders, heads, sectors, size, and the starting offset of the device, use the -g option.

9. How to Check Linux File System Information

To gather information about file system partitions, you can use the fdisk command. Although the main functionality of the fdisk command is to modify file system partitions, it can also be used to view information about the different partitions on your file system.

You can print partition information as follows. Remember to run the command as a superuser or else you may not see any output.

10. How to Check Linux Hardware Components Info

You can also use the dmidecode utility to extract hardware information by reading data from the DMI tables.

To print information about memory, run this command as a superuser.

To print information about the system, run this command.

To print information about BIOS, run this command.

To print information about the processor, run this command.

Summary

There are many other ways you can use to obtain information about your system hardware components. Most of these commands use files in the /proc directory to extract system information.

Hope you find these tips and tricks useful and remember to post a comment in case you want to add more information to this or if you face any difficulties in using any of the commands. Remember to always stay connected to Tecmint.

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