- Ubuntu Documentation
- Installing Wine
- Ubuntu versions of Wine (Recommended)
- Newer versions of Wine (Not Recommended)
- Initial Setup
- Installing Windows Applications With Wine
- To start/run Windows programs using Wine
- Uninstalling Wine Applications
- Configuring Wine
- Adding CD and DVD drives to Wine
- Adding applications to the menu
- Changing application specific settings
- Using Windows Themes/Skins In Wine
- Color Scheme
- Using Theme/Skins
- Fullscreen issues with overlapping Panel
- Instructions for using wine over remote X11 sessions
- Instructions for specific Windows programs
- Creating file associations
- Troubleshooting
- Error: Cannot change screen BPP from 32 to XX
- ‘dhtmled.ocx’ is missing or invalid
- Screen flickers to black when starting an application
- Related Wiki Pages
- How To Run Windows Applications On Linux [Beginners Guide]
- Using Wine to run Windows programs in Linux
- Installing Wine
- What Windows applications are Supported by Wine?
- Finding an Application in Wine Application Database
- Getting Started with Wine
- WinePrefix
- Installing an Application with Wine
- Let’s make things (a lot) Easier
- Advantages of using Wine
- Wine Derivatives
- Additional Tips on using Wine
- Winetricks
Ubuntu Documentation
Wine allows you to run many Windows programs on Linux. Its homepage can be found at WineHQ.org. They also have an Ubuntu page with installation and build advice.
If you are running the latest release of Wine which is v1.6, you can get further assistance on the #winehq IRC channel on irc.freenode.net. First,
please consider if you really need to run the specific Windows program because in most cases, its equivalent can be provided by an OpenSource program. Also, consider using Qemu instead of Wine if you need a complete Windows installation.
Installing Wine
Ubuntu versions of Wine (Recommended)
- open the software center
- Type wine and install ‘wine’
Newer versions of Wine (Not Recommended)
The Wine Ubuntu repository provides the newest development versions of Wine. Follow these steps to add the repository to your software sources:
- Open a terminal and run these commands:
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
sudo apt-add-repository 'https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/'
Note, however, that these are development packages (ie beta software), and may suffer from regressions and other problems not present in the stable version of Wine included with Ubuntu. You should avoid using them unless the current stable version of Wine does not support or is incompatible with the application you wish to use.
If you are using an older version of Wine and want support from WineHQ, you will need to upgrade to the latest development version first. If you do this, however, please file associated Wine bugs at winehq’s Bugzilla Page rather than in Launchpad.
Initial Setup
Before using Wine, it is necessary to create the fake C: drive where your Windows applications will be installed. To do this, enter the following command into the terminal: You may find the terminal by going to Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
You also have the option of configuring Wine via the Configure Wine option in the Applications-> Wine menu.
This will create a hidden folder (.wine) in your home directory containing the fake C: drive as well as registry files similar to those used in Windows. Once this directory is created, the Wine Configuration Window will appear. This window will allow you to customize a variety of settings for Wine, including which Windows Version that is emulated, drive mappings, DLL overrides, as well as application specific settings. Click the Ok button to close the window.
Installing Windows Applications With Wine
To install Windows applications using Wine, follow these instructions:
- Download the Windows application from any source (e.g. download.com). Download the .EXE (executable).
- Place it in a convenient directory (e.g. the desktop, or home folder).
Open the terminal, and cd into the directory where the .EXE is located.
Type wine the-name-of-the-application.extension (e.g. wine realplayer_installer.exe).
This will start the .EXE using Wine. If it is an installer, it should then run as it would in Windows. If the application asks for a directory to install the application to, select put it under C:\Program Files.
To start/run Windows programs using Wine
After installing an application using the directions above, those applications can be started and used by entering wine programname.exe (e.g. wine realplayer.exe). When done, close the application as one would normally. You must run the installed executable, which will by default be in the virtual Windows drive created by Wine, at
/.wine/drive_c. Generally programs will install themselves somewhere under Program Files inside the virtual Windows drive, following Windows conventions.
You can also use the Wine file browser, by running winefile in a terminal. Clicking the C:\ button in the toolbar will open a window where you can browse the virtual Windows drive created in .wine. Doubleclicking an executable in the Wine file browser will run it in Wine.
Instead of having to always enter the terminal or use the Wine file browser, you may also create a desktop icon, and start a Wine application using that icon. To do this, right click on the desktop and select «Create a launcher.» If you wish, select an icon from the list of available icons (or browse to an icon you would like to use), fill out other information that is requested (Name, generic name, etc.). For the command, type in wine the-location-of-the-program.exe (e.g. wine /home/john/.wine/realplayer.exe). The most important part of creating a launcher is the command, the generic name is not as important. Just make sure you de-select «Run in terminal.» This completes the process.
In some cases the application requires to be running from a certain location. In this case create launcher with command
Of course you will need to replace USER and Appdir with the proper data.
If you desire to have an icon on the panel, create a launcher on the panel of choice. Do this by right-clicking the panel, selecting «Add to Panel,» and selecting «Custom Application Launcher.» This will ask you for the same information as before.
Alternatively, to make life easier, you can set it so wine will automatically open .exe files files for you — instead of using the Wine File to locate the file each time. To do so, right click on the .exe file, select Properties, and then select the Open With tab. Click the ‘Add’ button, and then click on ‘Use a custom command’. In the line that appears, type in wine, then click Add, and Close. Now all .exe files will be automatically opened by Wine, so you can use Nautilus to browse and open them instead of the Wine File.
Uninstalling Wine Applications
Open up a terminal window and type the command below.
What this will do is open up a program similar to the Windows add/remove programs control panel, allowing you to uninstall applications from a Wine installation. Running uninstall programs directly via Wine should also work normally. Alternatively, you could also simply delete the folder of the application. However, as when done in Windows, this method will be unclean and will not remove the program’s configuration from the Wine registry like using an uninstaller will.
Configuring Wine
On the command line or in Run Application, type winecfg
Adding CD and DVD drives to Wine
Go to the drives tab in winecfg. Hit the Autodetect button.
If you find that this does not work correctly for you, then follow these instructions:
Navigate to the drives tab
Click on Add.
In the path bar, type
Click Show Advanced button below the Browse. button and set the Type to
If you have more than one CD/DVD device you will need to identify each one differently. Use /media/cdrom0 for the first CD/DVD device, /media/cdrom1 for the second one, and so on. If in doubt, type the following command in your terminal.
What this command will do is check your CD/DVD device details after Wine is installed.
Adding applications to the menu
It is good procedure before setting up the menu entry to launch the new Windows program from the command line to make sure the program runs properly. To do this type this command in the terminal.
For example the command would be wine «C:\Program Files\World of Warcraft\WoW.exe» Once you are satisfied that you have the correct details, use the normal menu editing process to add a new entry. When you get to the Command field of the entry editor be sure to copy and paste the line you used to launch the program from the terminal. Finish and save the new entry. Test to make sure the new Windows program loads via the menu.
Changing application specific settings
Type this command into your terminal.
Click on Add Application.
Using Windows Themes/Skins In Wine
Color Scheme
You can change the wine color scheme to closely match the default Ubuntu colors with this Terminal command.
You may also want to create a backup copy in your Home folder with this command via terminal.
Replace the [Control Panel\\Colors] section with
Using Theme/Skins
Wine has basic handling for Windows theme/skin files in the «msstyles» format. There is a large number of these themes on Deviant Art. To use these you must make a folder in Wine’s virtual Windows drive, then tell Wine to use the theme.
Firstly go into Wine’s virtual drive, which is usually «.wine/drive_c» in your Home folder (this is hidden, you may need to select View->Show Hidden Files in the file manager). Inside this folder go into the «windows» folder then make a new folder in there called «Resources». Enter this new folder and make a new folder called «Themes». Inside here you should make a folder for each theme you want, and put the files ending in «.msstyles» directly into them. For example, the full path to a theme file called sample.msstyles might be «/home/username/.wine/drive_c/windows/Resources/Themes/Sample/sample.msstyles».
Next you need to tell Wine to use your theme, so once again run this command in the terminal.
In the configuration window select the tab Desktop Integration and un-check out the Theme: box, which should now have your theme in it’s menu. After selecting the theme click Apply at the bottom to see how it looks (they don’t always display properly), then if you are happy click ok and you’re done!
Fullscreen issues with overlapping Panel
Sometimes the Panel overlaps your fullscreen application you’re running in wine. If you are running Visual Effects, the first solution you should try is to turn those off: Go to System -> Preferences -> Appearance, and click the Visual Effects tab. Select None, and your screen will flash. Try your full-screen application again. You may re-enable Visual Effects afterwards — just don’t forget to turn them back off when you want to run that application again!
If that does not work, then you will have to turn off the panels prior to running the application and restarting it afterwards, until a better workaround can be found. In Ubuntu the commands are gnome-session-remove gnome-panel and gnome-panel & respectively. In Xubuntu I understand they are killall xfce4-panel and xfce4-panel.
Instructions for using wine over remote X11 sessions
If you’re (trying) to use wine over a forwarded X11 session (ie Ubuntu is on one computer; you’re connected to it by ssh or another connection and you already have X11 forwarding set up to display regular Ubuntu applications on your remote computer) and the windows opened by wine are lacking fonts etc, the answer is here
Instructions for specific Windows programs
Some Windows programs have been tested on Ubuntu. They are listed below:
Creating file associations
If you want certain files to open in a windows application by clicking on them, the best way is to create a script. For example I want Adobe Flash project files (*.fla) to open in Adobe’s Flash editor if I double click it.
You can for example create a file using this terminal command.
Now paste the following example script in it, save and close gedit.
Make sure the file is executable with this command.
After you completed this go to an *.fla file right click it, properties, go to the “open with” pane, click add, add this line into your terminal and select the radio button.
Now if everything went ok, you can doubleclick the file and it will be openend in Flash 8.
Troubleshooting
Error: Cannot change screen BPP from 32 to XX
In some cases (mostly games) the application does not start and you get error: Cannot change screen BPP from 32 to 16 (or some other number).
In such case editing xorg.conf and CTRL-ALT-Backspace helps as is described on http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=649283
‘dhtmled.ocx’ is missing or invalid
It seems that in Ubuntu Karmic Wine(v1.0.1) registry isn’t configured correctly to use ActiveX component dhtmled.ocx. On some application this can cause error like this: «Component ‘dhtmled.ocx’ or one of it’s dependencies not correctly registered: a file is missing or invalid». So we must tell Wine where to find this file.
1. Download registry file:
3. Import the downloaded registry settings
file->import registry file->open
Screen flickers to black when starting an application
This is sometimes caused by a problem with the video driver not handling XRandR well. To see if this is actually a problem with XRandR, in a console, run:
If your screen blanks while running that command, then this might be the issue. To work around this issue, Wine can be configured to not use XRandR. To do so:
- Start Wine's Registry Editor.
- Navigate to "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Wine\X11 Driver". You may need to create X11 Driver.
- Create a new key called "UseXRandR" and set it to "N".
See Wine Bug #15214 and Wine Wiki page UsefulRegistryKeys.
Related Wiki Pages
AdobePhotoshop - A guide for running CS4 under WINE.
Wine (последним исправлял пользователь grantbow 2019-11-27 22:56:38)
The material on this wiki is available under a free license, see Copyright / License for details
You can contribute to this wiki, see Wiki Guide for details
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How To Run Windows Applications On Linux [Beginners Guide]
Last updated September 12, 2019 By Munif Tanjim 42 Comments
As you’re here, I’m going to assume that you’re a Linux user. And every once in a while, you find yourself asking: can I run windows applications on Linux?.
Answer to that question is yes. Yes, you can run Windows applications in Linux. Here are some of the ways for running Windows programs with Linux :
Both of them works just fine. But they are somewhat resource hungry.
If you only need to use a small Windows application, installing Windows on a separate HDD partition or as a Virtual Machine is not efficient. Moreover, Virtual Machine can’t utilize the total power of your machine. So, what is the solution?
No worries, there is another way to use Windows software on Linux. It’s called Wine. If you aren’t yet familiar with it or you are a beginner in the world of Linux, this article is for you.
In this beginner’s guide, I’ll show you what is Wine and how to use it to run Windows software on Linux. I have used Ubuntu here as Ubuntu is one of the best Linux distros for beginners, but any other Linux distribution will have more or less same steps (except for the commands in Arch or Fedora based distros).
Using Wine to run Windows programs in Linux
Wine stands for Wine Is Not an Emulator. And WINE is actually an acronym for that. And as previously stated, it’s not even a virtual machine.
Rather it is a compatibility layer for running Windows applications on UNIX-like or POSIX-compliant operating systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, BSD). While a virtual machine or emulator simulates internal Windows logic, Wine translates those Windows logic to native UNIX/POSIX-complaint logic.
In simple and non-technical words, Wine converts internal Windows commands to commands your Linux system can natively understand.
Installing Wine
There are various ways to install Wine on your system. As this is a beginners’ guide, I’ll describe the most straightforward one here.
Almost all the Linux distros come with Wine in their package repository. Most of the time the latest stable version of Wine is available via package repository. Installing Wine on Ubuntu is as easy as firing up a terminal and running these commands:
However, if you are using an 64bit installation of Ubuntu, you will need to run these additional commands:
This will add 32bit architecture support on your distro which will benefit you in installing specific software. If you don’t know whether you have a 32bit installation or 64bit, check this article: 32bit or 64bit Ubuntu?
What Windows applications are Supported by Wine?
There is a large number of Windows applications that are currently fully supported by Wine. They will run without any hassle.
However, new Windows applications are being developed every day. Many of them wouldn’t function as we want on Wine. But the development pace of Wine is also rapid, support for new applications is being added all the time.
And there is a dedicated database for keeping track of just that.
Wine Application Database has almost 24,000 applications rated with different status depending upon how well that applications run in Wine. If you want to quickly check the rating of the application you want to use in Wine, you can take a look there. Here are the meaning of those ratings:
- Platinum: These applications install and run flawlessly in out-of-the-box Wine.
- Gold: These applications work flawlessly with some special configuration.
- Silver: Applications with minor issues are tagged as Silver.
- Bronze: The Bronze ones have major issues that seriously affect usage.
- Garbage: These simply won’t run on Wine.
Reviews, Installation Procedure, which Wine version it was tested against and various useful data are also available for each application here.
Of course, Wine Application Database is mostly user-generated data, so you are always welcome to try running an application with a different version of Wine and share your result with rest of the community.
Finding an Application in Wine Application Database
Let’s see how we can find an application in Wine Application Database.
Go to Wine Application Database. Click Browse Apps from the left sidebar.
Finding an App in Wine AppDB
Write the name of the application you want to find in the Name field.
Wine AppDB name filter
Click on the link to the application from the search result.
You’ll see a description of the application. There will be a list of various versions with their compatibility rating with a specific Wine version.
Wine AppDB Application page
Let’s click on the latest version link.
This is the main page you need to check. There will be detailed information about that specific version.
Detailed Information about Application
You’ll get an idea of what will work and what will not. Also, the installation procedure will be included here if any additional tasks are needed for installation.
Getting Started with Wine
Before we go on installing and running applications in Wine, we should have clear idea about a few things and about how to configure Wine for usage:
WinePrefix
Windows applications need a C: drive. Wine uses a virtual C: drive for this purpose. The directory of this virtual C: drive is called wineprefix. First of all, we need to create a wineprefix. For doing that, fire up a terminal and enter this command:
This will create a wineprefix and open the configuration window for Wine. You can change the configuration options if you want or let it be as is for time being and close it. Now, you can locate the virtual C: drive at
WinePrefix C: Drive
The general rule is to install each new application into a fresh wineprefix. We can create and maintain multiple wineprefix manually. But that task would seem rather tedious for the beginners. So, we will skip that part for now. But, later I’m going to show the way for doing that part with ease.
Installing an Application with Wine
Installing a supported application in Wine is generally as easy as double-clicking on the installation file. However, we are now going to see a step-by-step guide for installing 7-zip on Wine.
First of all, check for 7-zip rating on Wine Application Database. It has Platinum rating, so we are good to go. Open Wine configuration ( winecfg ) and set the Windows Version to Windows 7.
Right-click on the 7-zip installation file and select Open With Wine Windows Program Loader.
7-zip Installation File
See that destination folder path? 7-zip installation has recognized the virtual C: drive from wineprefix.
7zip Setup Directory on Wine
Finish the installation and go to the installation directory [ $HOME/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/7-zip/ ] from the file browser.
Right-click on 7zFM.exe and go to Properties > Open With.
Set Default .exe Loader
Select Wine Windows Program Loader and close the window. Double-click on 7zFM.exe.
And there you go! For creating a shortcut on your desktop, right click on the file.
Creating 7-zip shortcut
Now move the Link to Desktop.
Move shortcut to Desktop
Now, you can run 7-zip just from your desktop. All you have to do is double-click on the icon.
Run 7zip from desktop
If you want to access your files on Linux, they are generally located in Z: Drive.
Linux directory in Z: drive
You can use the 7-zip just as you would use it on Windows – for extracting and creating archives and such.
Let’s make things (a lot) Easier
You might have noticed that, at Wine Application Database, with every version of application review a specific Wine version is mentioned.
It is because of the rapid development rate of Wine. Though an application runs with the current version of Wine, it might not run with a future version, because of the changes made.
Also, I’ve mentioned about installing each application in its own fresh wineprefix. So that, an application has no chance of interfering with another. And doing all these manually, usually from the terminal, is time-consuming, tiresome and at times, confusing.
PlayOnLinux is here to rescue. It provides a nice interface for doing all these things easily. For installing PlayOnLinux on Ubuntu, simply run this command:
You can easily perform every task related to Wine with PlayOnLinux from a beautiful and intuitive graphical interface:
- Installing & Uninstalling applications.
- Creating, Updating & Removing wineprefixes.
- Maintain Wine of different architecture and versions.
- Run & Create shortcut for installed applications.
- And so on…
But still, you will need to check Wine Application Database for reviews, installation procedures and such.
Advantages of using Wine
When it comes to running Windows applications on Linux system, Wine provides many advantages over using emulators or virtual machines.
- Performance: Wine is immune to the performance loss that otherwise occurs while emulating.
- Native Experience: There is no need to open Wine before running a Windows application. Exactly how Wine works will be more clear from this quote from official site,
Wine can be thought of as a Windows emulator in much the same way that Windows Vista can be thought of as a Windows XP emulator: both allow you to run the same applications by translating system calls in much the same way. Setting Wine to mimic Windows XP is not much different from setting Vista to launch an application in XP compatibility mode.
Wine Derivatives
There are quite a number of projects for running Windows applications on other platforms, based on Wine:
- CrossOver: CrossOver is a developed by the company named CodeWeavers. It is directly based on Wine with a few tweaks and proprietary add-ons. In fact, CodeWeavers employs a large portion of Wine developers. Unlike the rapid releases of Wine, CrossOver releases are more stable. The one and major downside is that Crossover is not free.
- PlayOnLinux: PlayOnLinux is completely based on Wine. And provides easier route for installing and managing application with Wine. PlayOnLinux is free.
It is also available for Mac as PlayOnMac. - ReactOS: ReactOS is an entirely different open-source operating system for running Windows applications. It reuses a considerable amount of codes from Wine. However, this is a project under development for more than a decade and I won’t recommend it.
Additional Tips on using Wine
Winetricks
This is another important part of using Wine. Winetricks is a helper script to download and install various redistributable runtime libraries needed to run some applications in Wine. These may include replacements for components of Wine using closed source libraries. Winetricks comes with Wine installation on Ubuntu.
For starting winetricks, run this command:
There are many options for helping you with various tasks.
Installing an Application with Winetricks
If you Install an app from winetricks, it will be installed in a separate wineprefix. Let’s install VLC:
Winetricks – Install an app
Winetricks – Install VLC
It will then begin to download the VLC installation files. And then guide you through the rest of the process. It’s pretty simple.
Install Windows DLL or components and others
You can select a wineprefix from winetricks and install various libraries and components required by the application you want to run and also perform other operations.
Winetricks Libraries & Components
N.B.: If using winetricks seems complicated to you, it’s perfectly okay. I feel the same way too. I always use PlayOnLinux for this reason. PlayOnLinux can do everything you might need to do from winetricks.
For more information you can check Wine FAQ and Documentation.
I hope you find this complete beginner’s guide to using Wine in Linux helpful. Now you can run Windows programs in Linux without installing a virtual machine or dual booting.
Let us know if you have any questions or opinion in the comment section below.
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