Install from git linux

1.5 Getting Started — Installing Git

Installing Git

Before you start using Git, you have to make it available on your computer. Even if it’s already installed, it’s probably a good idea to update to the latest version. You can either install it as a package or via another installer, or download the source code and compile it yourself.

This book was written using Git version 2.8.0. Though most of the commands we use should work even in ancient versions of Git, some of them might not or might act slightly differently if you’re using an older version. Since Git is quite excellent at preserving backwards compatibility, any version after 2.8 should work just fine.

Installing on Linux

If you want to install the basic Git tools on Linux via a binary installer, you can generally do so through the package management tool that comes with your distribution. If you’re on Fedora (or any closely-related RPM-based distribution, such as RHEL or CentOS), you can use dnf :

If you’re on a Debian-based distribution, such as Ubuntu, try apt :

For more options, there are instructions for installing on several different Unix distributions on the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/linux.

Installing on macOS

There are several ways to install Git on a Mac. The easiest is probably to install the Xcode Command Line Tools. On Mavericks (10.9) or above you can do this simply by trying to run git from the Terminal the very first time.

If you don’t have it installed already, it will prompt you to install it.

If you want a more up to date version, you can also install it via a binary installer. A macOS Git installer is maintained and available for download at the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/mac.

Installing on Windows

There are also a few ways to install Git on Windows. The most official build is available for download on the Git website. Just go to https://git-scm.com/download/win and the download will start automatically. Note that this is a project called Git for Windows, which is separate from Git itself; for more information on it, go to https://gitforwindows.org.

To get an automated installation you can use the Git Chocolatey package. Note that the Chocolatey package is community maintained.

Installing from Source

Some people may instead find it useful to install Git from source, because you’ll get the most recent version. The binary installers tend to be a bit behind, though as Git has matured in recent years, this has made less of a difference.

If you do want to install Git from source, you need to have the following libraries that Git depends on: autotools, curl, zlib, openssl, expat, and libiconv. For example, if you’re on a system that has dnf (such as Fedora) or apt-get (such as a Debian-based system), you can use one of these commands to install the minimal dependencies for compiling and installing the Git binaries:

In order to be able to add the documentation in various formats (doc, html, info), these additional dependencies are required:

Users of RHEL and RHEL-derivatives like CentOS and Scientific Linux will have to enable the EPEL repository to download the docbook2X package.

If you’re using a Debian-based distribution (Debian/Ubuntu/Ubuntu-derivatives), you also need the install-info package:

If you’re using a RPM-based distribution (Fedora/RHEL/RHEL-derivatives), you also need the getopt package (which is already installed on a Debian-based distro):

Additionally, if you’re using Fedora/RHEL/RHEL-derivatives, you need to do this:

due to binary name differences.

When you have all the necessary dependencies, you can go ahead and grab the latest tagged release tarball from several places. You can get it via the kernel.org site, at https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git, or the mirror on the GitHub website, at https://github.com/git/git/releases. It’s generally a little clearer what the latest version is on the GitHub page, but the kernel.org page also has release signatures if you want to verify your download.

Then, compile and install:

After this is done, you can also get Git via Git itself for updates:

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Как пользоваться GitHub на компьютере с Linux

GitHub — один из используемых сервисов размещения проектов для совместной разработки. Он поддерживает контроль версий, возможность отслеживания изменений кода, сравнение строк, а также он бесплатен.

В данной статье приведены примеры использования сервиса на компьютере под управлением операционных систем семейства Linux. Мы рассмотрим, как создать проект на локальном компьютере и залить его на сервис с помощью командной строки. Рассмотренные варианты использования git также можно применять на desktop системах, запустив окно терминала.

Установка git

Управление выполняется с помощью приложения git. Если его нет в системе, установку можно выполнить из репозитория.

Если используем CentOS / Red Hat:

yum install git-core

Если используем Ubuntu / Debian:

apt-get install git

Если мы хотим воспользоваться сервисом с компьютера Windows или Mac OS, необходимо скачать и установить desktop версию с официального сайта.

Синтаксис

Команды имеют следующий синтаксис:

* полный перечень опций, команд и аргументов можно получить командой man git.

Создание проекта на локальном компьютере

Прежде чем отправить проект на GitHub, создаем его на нашем компьютере. Для этого переходим в каталог с файлами проекта:

Инициализируем проект для git:

Мы получим ответ похожий на:

Initialized empty Git repository in /projects/.git/

Это означает, что репозиторий git создан.

Теперь добавим файлы в репозиторий:

* данной командой мы добавили папку и ее содержимое в репозиторий git.

Отправка данных на GitHub

Теперь можно отправить данные на сервис. Для этого у нас должна быть зарегистрированная учетная запись и создан репозиторий на GitHub.

Создание репозитория

Переходим на портал github.com и входим в систему или проходим несложную регистрацию:

Проходим процесс подтверждения, что мы не робот. Затем завершаем несколько шагов регистрации, нажимая Submit. В итоге мы получим письмо на адрес электронной почты, которую указали при регистрации. Необходимо будем подтвердить email, перейдя в письме по кнопке Verify email address.

Создаем репозиторий. Для этого кликаем по иконке профиля и переходим в раздел Your repositories:

И кликаем по кнопке New. В следующем окне даем название репозиторию и нажимаем Create repository:

Мы увидим страницу с путем к репозиторию:

Заливаем проект в репозиторий на GitHub

Добавляем комментарий к нашему проекту:

git commit -m «Очередное изменение проекта» -a

* где Очередное изменение проекта — произвольный комментарий; параметр -a указывает, что комментарий нужно применить ко всем измененным файлам.

Теперь подключаемся к созданному репозиторию:

git remote add origin https://github.com/dmosktest/project1.git

* где dmosktest — логин, который был указан при регистрации на github, а project1 — название, которое мы задали, когда создавали репозиторий.
* удалить удаленный репозиторий можно командой git remote rm origin.

Закидываем проект на GitHub:

git push origin master

* где master — ветка проекта (веток может быть несколько).

В нашем проекте на GitHub должны появиться файлы проекта:

Получение файлов с GitHub

Для загрузки на компьютер файлов, создаем каталог с проектом и переходим в него:

Проводим начальную настройку локального репозитория:

Подключаемся к удаленному репозиторию:

git remote add origin https://github.com/dmosktest/project1.git

Скачиваем проект командой:

git pull https://github.com/dmosktest/project1.git master

Клонирование проекта

Например, использую наш репозиторий:

git clone https://github.com/dmosktest/project1.git

* данная команда создаст в текущей папке каталог project1 и инициализирует его как локальный репозиторий git. Также загрузит файлы проекта.

Возможные ошибки

1. При попытке отправить данные на GitHub, получаем ошибку:

error: src refspec master does not match any.
error: failed to push some refs to ‘https://github.com/dmosktest/project1.git’

* где dmosktest/project1.git — путь к нашему репозиторию.

Причина: проект ни разу не был зафиксирован (закоммичен).

Решение: добавляем комментарий к нашему проекту:

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Git Guides

How to install Git on any OS

Git can be installed on the most common operating systems like Windows, Mac, and Linux. In fact, Git comes installed by default on most Mac and Linux machines!

Checking for Git

To see if you already have Git installed, open up your terminal application.

• If you’re on a Mac, look for a command prompt application called «Terminal».
• If you’re on a Windows machine, open the windows command prompt or «Git Bash».

Once you’ve opened your terminal application, type git version . The output will either tell you which version of Git is installed, or it will alert you that git is an unknown command. If it’s an unknown command, read further and find out how to install Git.

Install Git Using GitHub Desktop

Installing GitHub Desktop will also install the latest version of Git if you don’t already have it. With GitHub Desktop, you get a command line version of Git with a robust GUI. Regardless of if you have Git installed or not, GitHub Desktop offers a simple collaboration tool for Git. You can learn more here.

Install Git on Windows

1. Navigate to the latest Git for Windows installer and download the latest version.
2. Once the installer has started, follow the instructions as provided in the Git Setup wizard screen until the installation is complete.
3. Open the windows command prompt (or Git Bash if you selected not to use the standard Git Windows Command Prompt during the Git installation).
4. Type git version to verify Git was installed.

Note: git-scm is a popular and recommended resource for downloading Git for Windows. The advantage of downloading Git from git-scm is that your download automatically starts with the latest version of Git included with the recommended command prompt, Git Bash . The download source is the same Git for Windows installer as referenced in the steps above.

Install Git on Mac

Most versions of MacOS will already have Git installed, and you can activate it through the terminal with git version . However, if you don’t have Git installed for whatever reason, you can install the latest version of Git using one of several popular methods as listed below:

Install Git From an Installer

1. Navigate to the latest macOS Git Installer and download the latest version.
2. Once the installer has started, follow the instructions as provided until the installation is complete.
3. Open the command prompt «terminal» and type git version to verify Git was installed.

Note: git-scm is a popular and recommended resource for downloading Git on a Mac. The advantage of downloading Git from git-scm is that your download automatically starts with the latest version of Git. The download source is the same macOS Git Installer as referenced in the steps above.

Install Git from Homebrew

Homebrew is a popular package manager for macOS. If you already have Homwbrew installed, you can follow the below steps to install Git:

1. Open up a terminal window and install Git using the following command: brew install git .
2. Once the command output has completed, you can verify the installation by typing: git version .

Install Git on Linux

Fun fact: Git was originally developed to version the Linux operating system! So, it only makes sense that it is easy to configure to run on Linux.

You can install Git on Linux through the package management tool that comes with your distribution.

1. Git packages are available using apt .
2. It’s a good idea to make sure you’re running the latest version. To do so, Navigate to your command prompt shell and run the following command to make sure everything is up-to-date: sudo apt-get update .
3. To install Git, run the following command: sudo apt-get install git-all .
4. Once the command output has completed, you can verify the installation by typing: git version .

1. Git packages are available using dnf .
2. To install Git, navigate to your command prompt shell and run the following command: sudo dnf install git-all .
3. Once the command output has completed, you can verify the installation by typing: git version .

Note: You can download the proper Git versions and read more about how to install on specific Linux systems, like installing Git on Ubuntu or Fedora, in git-scm’s documentation.

Other Methods of Installing Git

Looking to install Git via the source code? Learn more here.

Get started with git and GitHub

Review code, manage projects, and build software alongside 40 million developers.

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Everything Beginners Should Know About Installing Software Using GIT

How to work with Git software repositories

Open-source Git is the most used version control system in the world. The mature project was developed by Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux operating system, and it is used by an enormous collection of software projects—both commercial and open-source—that depend on Git for version control.

This guide shows how to get a project from Git, how to install the software on your system and how to change the code, which requires knowledge of programming.

How to Find Programs Using Git

Visit the explore webpage at GitHub to see the featured and trending repositories as well as links to guides and training. Look at the various categories for applications you want to download and have a go at using, changing, compiling and installing. Use the search field at the top of your screen where you can find a specific program or any category of software available on the site.

An Example of Cloning a Git Repository

In Git terminology, downloading a repository is «cloning» it. That’s because you’re making an exact copy of the Git repository on your computer. The procedure is simple, but you must have Git installed on your system.

If you’re working on a Linux system, like Ubuntu, you’re in luck. Git is available in your distribution’s package repositories. Install it the way you normally would any other application. Nearly every distribution calls the package ‘git.’

Git is free and open source, so it won’t cost you a penny on any platform. Windows users can find the latest version on the Git Windows download page. Mac users can find it on the Git for Mac download page.

This guide will use the small command line program called cowsay, which displays a message as a speech bubble from an ASCII cow.

To start, type cowsay in the GitHub search field. You will notice that there are a number of versions available you can choose. The example in this guide is going to work one from the developer «Schacon.» It’s a fairly simple version written in Perl, so it should be relatively easy to work with and modify.

To clone this particular cowsay repository, enter the following command into a terminal window.

The git command runs Git. Then, it’s told to clone a repository, and the link to the Cowsay repository on GitHub is provided. You can find the Git clone link on GitHub under Clone or download, just above the table displaying the contents of a repository.

How to Compile and Install the Code

Install the application first just to make sure it runs. How you do this depends on the project you have downloaded. For example, C projects will probably require you to run a makefile with the make command, whereas the cowsay project in this example requires you to run a shell script.

So how do you know what to do?

You just cloned the repository into whichever directory you were in when you ran the ‘clone’ command. Everything from the repository will be in a new directory named after that repository. In this case, it’s cowsay. Change directories into the cowsay folder, and list out its contents.

During the installation, you are asked whether you are happy for it to install cowsay to the default folder supplied. You can either press Return to continue or enter a new path. Should you want the default path, you’ll probably need to rerun the command with ‘sudo.’

How to Run Cowsay

All you have to do to run cowsay is type the following command:

The words hello world appear in the speech bubble from a cow’s mouth.

Changing Cowsay

Now that you have cowsay installed, you can amend the file using your favorite editor. This example uses the nano editor as follows:

You can supply switches to the cowsay command to change the eyes of the cow.

For example cowsay -g shows dollar signs as the eyes.

You can amend the file to create a cyclops option so that when you type cowsay -c the cow has a single eye.

The first line you need to change is line 46 which looks as follows:

These are all the available switches that you can use with cowsay. To add the -c as an option, change the line as follows:

Between lines 51 and 58 you see the following lines:

As you can see, there is a variable for each of the options that explains what the switch will do. For example $greedy = $opts[‘g]’;

Add one line for the -c switch amendment as follows:

On line 144, there is a subroutine called construct_face which is used to construct the cows face.

The code looks like this:

For each of the variables specified earlier, there is a different pair of letters that is placed in the variable $eyes.

Add one for the $cyclops variable :

Saved the file and run the following command to reinstall cowsay.

Now, when you run cowsay -c hello world, the cow has only one eye.

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