Практическое руководство. Установка и удаление служб Windows How to: Install and uninstall Windows services

Если вы разрабатываете службу Windows с помощью .NET Framework, вы можете быстро установить приложение службы с помощью служебной программы командной строки InstallUtil.exe или PowerShell. If you’re developing a Windows service with the .NET Framework, you can quickly install your service app by using the InstallUtil.exe command-line utility or PowerShell. Если вы являетесь разработчиком и хотите создать службу Windows, которую пользователи могут устанавливать и удалять, можно использовать набор инструментов WiX или коммерческие средства, такие как Advanced Installer, InstallShield или другие. Developers who want to release a Windows service that users can install and uninstall can use the free WiX Toolset or commercial tools like Advanced Installer, InstallShield, or others. См. сведения о создании пакета установщика (классическое приложение Windows). For more information, see Create an installer package (Windows desktop).

Если вы хотите удалить службу на своем компьютере, не выполняйте процедуру, описанную в этой статье. If you want to uninstall a service from your computer, don’t follow the steps in this article. Вместо этого определите, какая программа (или программный пакет) установила эту службу, а затем выберите Приложения в параметрах, чтобы удалить эту программу. Instead, find out which program or software package installed the service, and then choose Apps in Settings to uninstall that program. Следует отметить, что многие службы являются составной частью ОС Windows. Если их удалить, это может привести к нестабильной работе системы. Note that many services are integral parts of Windows; if you remove them, you might cause system instability.

Чтобы использовать процедуру, описанную в этой статье, сначала необходимо добавить установщик службы в свою службу Windows. To use the steps in this article, you first need to add a service installer to your Windows service. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе Пошаговое руководство: создание диспетчера служб Windows. For more information, see Walkthrough: Creating a Windows service app.

Проекты служб Windows нельзя запускать непосредственно из среды разработки Visual Studio путем нажатия клавиши F5. You can’t run Windows service projects directly from the Visual Studio development environment by pressing F5. Перед запуском проекта необходимо установить службу в проекте. Before you can run the project, you must install the service in the project.

Запустите обозреватель сервера и убедитесь, что служба установлена или удалена. You can use Server Explorer to verify that you’ve installed or uninstalled your service.

Установка с помощью программы InstallUtil.exe Install using InstallUtil.exe utility

В меню Пуск выберите каталог Visual Studio и затем Командная строка разработчика для VS . From the Start menu, select the Visual Studio directory, then select Developer Command Prompt for VS .

Появится командная строка разработчика для Visual Studio. The Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio appears.

Откройте каталог, где находится скомпилированный исполняемый файл вашего проекта. Access the directory where your project’s compiled executable file is located.

Запустите InstallUtil.exe из командной строки, указав исполняемый файл проекта в качестве параметра: Run InstallUtil.exe from the command prompt with your project’s executable as a parameter:

Если вы используете командную строку разработчика для Visual Studio, системный путь должен указывать на файл InstallUtil.exe. If you’re using the Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio, InstallUtil.exe should be on the system path. Если это не так, можно добавить его в путь или использовать полный путь для его вызова. Otherwise, you can add it to the path, or use the fully qualified path to invoke it. Этот инструмент устанавливается вместе с платформой .NET Framework в папку %WINDIR%\Microsoft.NET\Framework[64]\ . This tool is installed with the .NET Framework in %WINDIR%\Microsoft.NET\Framework[64]\ .

Пример: For example:

• Для 32-разрядной версии .NET Framework 4 или 4.5 и более поздних версий: если каталог установки Windows — C:\Windows, по умолчанию используется путь C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe. For the 32-bit version of the .NET Framework 4 or 4.5 and later, if your Windows installation directory is C:\Windows, the default path is C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe.
• Для 64-разрядной версии .NET Framework 4 или 4.5 и более поздних версий: по умолчанию используется путь C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe. For the 64-bit version of the .NET Framework 4 or 4.5 and later, the default path is C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe.

Удаление с помощью служебной программы InstallUtil.exe Uninstall using InstallUtil.exe utility

В меню Пуск выберите каталог Visual Studio и затем Командная строка разработчика для VS . From the Start menu, select the Visual Studio directory, then select Developer Command Prompt for VS .

Появится командная строка разработчика для Visual Studio. The Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio appears.

Запустите InstallUtil.exe из командной строки, указав выходные данные проекта в качестве параметра: Run InstallUtil.exe from the command prompt with your project’s output as a parameter:

После удаления исполняемого файла для службы сама служба может по-прежнему присутствовать в реестре. After the executable for a service is deleted, the service might still be present in the registry. В этом случае удалить запись службы из реестра можно с помощью команды sc delete. If that’s the case, use the command sc delete to remove the entry for the service from the registry.

Установка с помощью PowerShell Install using PowerShell

В меню Пуск выберите Каталог Windows PowerShell и Windows PowerShell. From the Start menu, select the Windows PowerShell directory, then select Windows PowerShell.

Откройте каталог, где находится скомпилированный исполняемый файл вашего проекта. Access the directory where your project’s compiled executable file is located.

Выполните командлет New-Service, указав в качестве параметров выходные данные проекта и имя службы. Run the New-Service cmdlet with the with your project’s output and a service name as parameters:

Удаление с помощью PowerShell Uninstall using PowerShell

В меню Пуск выберите Каталог Windows PowerShell и Windows PowerShell. From the Start menu, select the Windows PowerShell directory, then select Windows PowerShell.

Выполните командлет Remove-Service, указав в качестве параметра имя службы. Run the Remove-Service cmdlet with the name of your service as parameter:

После удаления исполняемого файла для службы сама служба может по-прежнему присутствовать в реестре. After the executable for a service is deleted, the service might still be present in the registry. В этом случае удалить запись службы из реестра можно с помощью команды sc delete. If that’s the case, use the command sc delete to remove the entry for the service from the registry.

BITS Compact Server

The Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) Compact Server is a stand-alone HTTP/HTTPS file server that provides the ability to transfer a limited number of large files asynchronously between computers. The Compact Server is built as an NT Service and uses HTTP.SYS.

The BITS Compact Server is intended for use by enterprise and small business customers under the following conditions:

• The anticipated usage is a maximum of 25 URL groups, and each URL group supports 3 simultaneous file transfers.
• File transfers occur between computers in the same domain or mutually trusted domains.
• File transfers are not intended for Internet-facing clients.

Installing the BITS Compact Server

The BITS Compact Server is an optional server component. You can use one of the following options to install the BITS Compact Server:

To install the BITS Compact Server by using Server Manager

1. In the Features Summary section of the Server Manager, click Add Features.
2. In the Add Features Wizard, select Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) and Compact Server.
3. Follow the wizard instructions, including installing the required software if indicated.

For more information, see the Server Manager online help.

To install the BITS Compact Server by using Windows PowerShell

1. In a Windows PowerShell command prompt, type the following command: Import-Module ServerManager. Then press Enter.
2. Type the following command: Add-WindowsFeature BITS-Compact-Server. Then press Enter.

The following text-based example demonstrates installing the BITS Compact Server using Windows PowerShell cmdlets.

For information about using cmdlets, see the Windows PowerShell documentation.

For more information about the Import-Module cmdlet, see Import-Module in the Microsoft TechNet Library. For help at the command line, type get-help import-module.

For more information about the Add-WindowsFeature cmdlet, see Add-WindowsFeature in the Microsoft TechNet Library. For help at the command line, type get-help Add-WindowsFeature.

To install the BITS Compact Server by using Package Manager

• Enter the following command: PkgMgr.exe /iu:LightweightServer.

The settings are lost if the Compact Server service is restarted or if the computer is rebooted.

BITS Compact Server Remote Management

The BITS Compact Server with BITS Remote Management enables more secure remote file transfers. BITS Remote Management uses a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) provider to let a system administrator or a controller application remotely create BITS transfer jobs on the clients and to publish files for hosting on the BITS Compact Server. The BITS provider can also be used to enable an application to remotely use the BITS client in conjunction with the BITS Compact Server to transfer files from one remote computer to another remote computer.

For more information, see the BITS provider documentation.

Install Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1)

Support for Windows 7 ended on January 14, 2020

We recommend you move to a Windows 10 PC to continue to receive security updates from Microsoft.

The recommended (and easiest) way to get SP1 is to turn on automatic updating in Windows Update in Control Panel and wait for Windows 7 to notify you that SP1 is ready to install. It takes about 30 minutes to install, and you’ll need to restart your computer about halfway through the installation.

To check if Windows 7 SP1 is already installed on your PC, select the Start button, right-click Computer, and then select Properties.

If Service Pack 1 is listed under Windows edition, SP1 is already installed on your PC.

Before you begin

Check if your PC is 32-bit or 64-bit

You’ll need to know if your PC is running a 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) version of Windows 7. Select the Start button, right-click Computer, and then select Properties. The version of Windows 7 is displayed next to System type.

Disk space requirements

Check to make sure your PC has enough free disk space to install SP1.

Estimated amount of free disk space needed

x86-based (32-bit): 750 MB

x64-based (64-bit): 1050 MB

Downloading SP1 from the Microsoft website

x86-based (32-bit): 4100 MB

x64-based (64-bit): 7400 MB

Back up important files

It’s a good idea to back up your important files, photos, and videos to an external hard disk, USB flash drive, or the cloud before installing the update.

Plug in and connect to the Internet

Make sure your PC is plugged in to power and you’re connected to the Internet.

Disable antivirus software

Some antivirus software might prevent SP1 from installing or slow down the installation. You can temporarily disable your antivirus software before the installation. If you do so, make sure you’re aware of the risks that might be involved and re-enable the antivirus software as soon as SP1 is done installing.

Installing Windows 7 SP1 using Windows Update (recommended)

If your PC is set to automatically install updates, you’ll be prompted by Windows Update to install SP1. Follow the instructions to install the update.

To manually install SP1 from Windows Update:

Select the Start button > All programs > Windows Update.

In the left pane, select Check for updates.

If any important updates are found, select the link to view available updates. In the list of updates, select Service Pack for Microsoft Windows (KB976932) and then select OK.

Note: If SP1 isn’t listed, you might need to install some other updates before installing SP1. Install any important updates and then follow these steps again to check for SP1.

Select Install updates. You might be asked for an admin password or to confirm your choice.

Follow the instructions to install SP1.

After SP1 is installed, sign in to your PC. You might see a notification indicating whether the update was successful. If you disabled your antivirus software before the installation, make sure you turn it back on.

Downloading and installing Windows SP1 from the Microsoft Download Center

If you’re unable to install SP1 from Windows Update, you can download the installation package from the Microsoft Download Center and then install SP1 manually.

Go to the Windows 7 Service Pack 1 download page on the Microsoft website.

Select Install Instructions to see which packages are available for download, and make note of the one that you need.

Select the appropriate language from the drop-down list, and then select Download.

Select the packages you need to install, select Next, and then follow the instructions to install SP1. Your PC might restart a few times during the installation.

After SP1 is installed, sign in to your PC. You might see a notification indicating whether the update was successful. If you disabled your antivirus software before the installation, make sure you turn it back on.

Troubleshoot problems installing Windows SP1

If you try to install SP1 and see an error message that the installation wasn’t successful, this might be because there’s a problem with the Windows Servicing Store that is used to install updates or because your antivirus software is preventing the update from being installed.

To try and fix the problem, follow these steps and then try to install SP1 again.

Download and run the System Update Readiness Tool

Select the link in the table that corresponds with the version of Windows running on your PC.

Link to Microsoft Download Center

Windows 7 32-bit (x86)

Windows 7 64-bit (x64)

On the Microsoft Download Center page, select your language and then select Download. It might take a few minutes for the tool to download and install.

To install the tool immediately, select Open or Run and then follow the instructions. To use the tool later, select Save and download the installation files to your PC.

On the Windows Update Standalone Installer screen, select Yes or OK.

On the Installation complete screen, select Close.

Try installing the service pack again.

Run the Windows Update troubleshooter

If your PC isn’t able to find or install updates, the Windows Update troubleshooter might be able to fix the problem.

Select the Start button, and then select Control Panel.

In the search box, enter troubleshooter and then select Troubleshooting from the list of results.

Under System and Security, select Fix problems with Windows Update and then follow the instructions.

After the troubleshooter is done, try installing the service pack again.