This chapter describes the procedure for installing Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.3. However, the procedure for installing RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.3 is virtually identical.
2.1 Introduction
The procedure for installing Oracle Enterprise Linux 5. 3 is fully described in the product documentation. This section presents a summary of that procedure, and assumes a sound knowledge of Linux administration.
For information on vendor-specific variations, consult the appropriate documentation. The installation procedure described is based on the use of a DVD media package.
Obtaining the Linux Operating System
The Oracle Enterprise Linux 5. 3 software is available from the Oracle E-Delivery Web site ( http://edelivery.oracle.com/linux ).
2.2 Download ISO Image and Burn DVD
Download the appropriate ISO image. This guide assumes you are using the DVD version of Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.3.
Unzip the files.
Burn the ISO file to DVD. Note that this requires the use of a DVD-burning utility (such as UltraISO or Magic ISO Maker).
According to your corporate policy, the Linux installation procedure may use a different procedure to that described in the following sections.
2.3 Run Ins taller
After installing Linux on the first node, repeat the Linux installation procedure for each system.
Ensure that server system is able to boot from DVD. Insert the Oracle Enterprise Linux DVD, and power on.
When the Oracle Enterprise Linux boot screen appears, press Enter to start the installation process.
When asked to test the DVD media, select Skip . After a short interval, the installer goes into GUI mode. (The media test is not necessary because the DVD burning software would have informed you of any errors on the media).
At the Welcome to Oracle Enterprise Linux screen, click Next .
Select the appropriate options from the Language and Keyboard settings screens.
If the installer detects a previous version of Enterprise Linux, you are prompted to «Install Enterprise Linux» or «Upgrade an existing installation». Select «Install Enterprise Linux», and click Next .
Oracle recommends that you install the Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs), and that you do not customize the RPMs during installation. This installation includes most required packages, and helps you limit manual checks of package dependencies.
2.4 Set up Disk Part itioning
When prompted, select the default Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout option, and check the option Review and modify partitioning layout . When prompted to confirm your selection, select Yes . Click Next to continue.
A check box allows you to encrypt the entire system. If selected, for security reasons, a password is required during booting the system.
When prompted to confirm the removal of all partitions, click Yes .
Review and modify (if necessary) the automatically selected disk partitions.
For most automatic layouts, the installer assigns 100 MB for /boot , 2 GB for swap, and the remainder is assigned to the root ( / ) partition. Ensure the specified SWAP space is sufficient. See Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 for required disk space and swap space requirements.
The installer creates a disk configuration using the Logical Volume Manager (LVM). For example, it will partition the first hard drive ( /dev/sda in the described configuration) into two partitions: one for the /boot partition ( /dev/sda1 ), and the remainder of the disk dedicated to a LVM named VolGroup00 ( /dev/sda2 ). The LVM Volume Group ( VolGroup00 ) is then partitioned into two LVM partitions: one for the root file system ( / ), and another for swap. If you have selected a non-standard layout, ensure that the system meets the required disk space specifications shown in Table 2-1. Ensure enough swap space is allocated for Oracle Enterprise Linux. Its required swap space is shown in Table 2-2.
Footnote 1 This is the example location of the database used throughout this guide.
Table 2-2 Required Swap Space
Available RAM
Swap Space Required
Equal to the size of RAM.
More than 8192 MB
0.75 times the size of RAM.
The Reporter server requires high performance data storage. RAID-10 or RAID-5 (or equivalent) storage configurations with high performance disks are strongly recommended.
The requirements shown in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 can vary depending upon the composition and volume of monitored data. For more information, please contact Customer Support.
Accept the GRUB boot loader, as well as all default values, and click Next .
2.5 Netw ork Configuration
Ensure that a static IP address is assigned to the interface used to access the RUEI Web interface. In addition, the assigned IP address should be configured in the /etc/hosts file. If necessary, ensure that all Reporter and Collector systems are correctly defined in the DNS system.
Ensure that the network interface(s) used for network packet monitoring are administratively up , but without an IP address.
Make the network interface up status permanent (after a reboot) by setting the ONBOOT parameter of the capturing interfaces to yes . The network interfaces configuration can be found in /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-eth X (where X represents the necessary network interface). Alternatively, use the graphical utility system-config-network to perform the above actions.
2.6 Package I nstallation
Select the appropriate time zone for your environment, and click Next .
Specify a root password, and click Next .
At the additional tasks dialog box shown in Figure 2-1, leave the Customize later radio button checked, leave all the check boxes unchecked, and click Next .
Figure 2-1 Additional Tasks Dialog Box
Description of «Figure 2-1 Additional Tasks Dialog Box»
At the About to install screen, click Continue to start the installation.
At the prompt screen, click Next to begin installation of Enterprise Linux.
Upon successful installation, remove the DVD, and click Reboot .
It is strongly recommended that you use the settings described above, and do not perform a «minimal» installation of Oracle Enterprise Linux. This can lead to a wide range of problems, further described in Section A.8, «Missing Packages and Fonts Error Messages».
2.7 Post-Installation Wizard
When the system boots for the first time, a post-installation wizard appears, and allows you to finalize the operating system configuration settings. Click Forward .
At the User license agreement screen, read the license terms. You will not be able to proceed until you have accepted them. Then click Forward .
Use the screen shown in Figure 2-2 to allow only secure WWW (HTTPs) and SSH traffic. Be aware that, by default, SSH traffic is enabled, but secure WWW (HTTPS) traffic is not. Note that, when prompted with a warning about not setting the firewall, click Yes .
Figure 2-2 Firewall C onfigura tion
Description of «Figure 2-2 Firewall Configuration»
Use the screen shown in Figure 2-3 to disable Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux). Click Forward . Note that you are prompted with a warning that changing the SELinux setting requires rebooting the system so that the entire system can be relabeled. Click Yes .
Figure 2-3 SELinux Configura tion
Description of «Figure 2-3 SELinux Configuration»
Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) must be disabled for correct operation of RUEI.
Accept the default setting on the Kdump screen (disabled), and click Forward .
Adjust the date and time settings using the screen shown in Figure 2-4. The use of NTP is strongly recommended, and is required in a split-server deployment. Click OK .
Figure 2-4 Date a nd Time Settings
Description of «Figure 2-4 Date and Time Settings»
2.8 Create Additiona l Users an d Reboot
Create any additional required (non-Oracle) operating system user accounts. Note that during the installation of the RUEI software, the moniforce user account is created. The creation of the oracle user is described in a later section. Do not create either user account at this point.
If prompted, confirm the detection of a sound card.
On the Additional CDs screen, click Finish .
Because the SELinux option has been changed (to disabled), you are prompted to reboot the system. Click OK .
After reboot, use the root user account, and the password you specified during installation to logon.
Text Mode Installation (Optional):
When using the text mode installation, by default:
Firewall: HTTPS (TCP 443) is blocked.
Security: SE Linux is enabled.
Allow HTTPS traffic (TCP 443) and disable SElinux using the system-config-securitylevel utility.
2.9 Verify NTP Dae mon Operation
Because the NTP daemon is a critical component of RUEI, especially in a split Reporter-Collector configuration, it is recommended that you verify that it is activated in at least run level 5 during boot. Use the following commands:
Note that if the NTP daemon is not already running, you can start it with the command
The following sample output show when the NTP daemon is synchronized (indicated by an «*»).
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How to Install Linux
Installing Linux follows a similar pathway regardless of the distribution
All you need to install Linux is a computer with available hard-drive space, a flash drive, and a copy of the installer for a specific Linux distribution.
Check Your Hardware for Linux Compatibility
Linux runs on almost any hardware, including very old desktop and laptop computers that otherwise struggle to run modern Windows or macOS hardware.
Before you get started, check your hardware specs—different Linux distributions run desktop environments that require varying degrees of hardware sophistication. The core measures include the clock speed of your processor, the architecture of your processor, the computer’s available RAM, and the video-card manufacturer.
By architecture we mean the processor family. Every operating system supports a limited number of processor types. Microsoft Windows, for example, supports Intel and AMD processors by default, and can support ARM processors in special Windows 10 variants. Linux supports many different processors, but each individual distribution only supports a subset of them. Thus, the scope of distributions available to you is dependent on your processor. If your computer uses Intel or AMD processors, you’re generally safe in almost all circumstances. More obscure processors are hit-or-miss in terms of distribution support.
Select a Linux Distribution
Linux is a single operating system, but it’s expressed in a variant called a distribution. Think of a distribution as a special flavor of Linux. It consists of a specific Linux kernel (common to all distributions, but at different version levels), a package manager, a default shell, and default desktop environment.
The greater Linux ecosystem supports several hundred distributions. Some of them, by design, features ease-of-use tools to help people new to Linux to get their feet wet. Others offer deep customization options that appeal to experienced Linux aficionados.
Desktop Environments
The graphical user interface for Linux is called a desktop environment. Pick from more than a dozen options. Of all the choices you must make, the selection of a DE, or a distribution with a default DE, is among the most significant because the DE is the single biggest consumer of system resources. The newer, flashier DEs (including KDE Plasma) work great on modern hardware, whereas older and less-intensive DEs like LXDE fly even on decade-old equipment.
It may not matter if your preferred DE isn’t a default option for your preferred distribution. In most cases, you’re free to install your favorite DE just as you’d install any other application package.
Plan Your Installation Strategy
Pick one of three different options:
Install Linux on the entire hard drive, overwriting any existing operating system.
Install Linux to a virtual machine.
Install Linux on part of a hard drive, alongside an existing operating system.
Of these, the easiest option is to simply wipe everything and install Linux to over the entire hard disk.
Some people prefer to run Linux as a virtual machine within a host operating system. For example, Windows 10 Professional supports Hyper-V, within which any Linux distribution may be installed. It runs in a window. Similarly, tools like VirtualBox also support full-featured Linux computers within a Windows session. You’ll still allocate some disk space and memory for Linux, but it’ll subtract from what Windows requires. Virtual machines are great options if you’ve got plenty of disk space and available RAM—16 GB or more.
Installing Linux alongside Windows or macOS requires an extra step. Before you install Linux, you must use Windows or macOS to free disk space safely.
All computers, when they’re initially powered, run a diagnostic utility and a tiny hardware-based operating system that facilitates the loading of your «regular» operating system. On old computers, this hardware OS is called the BIOS. On modern computers, it’s called the UEFI. If your computer uses UEFI, you’ll need to tweak how you burn your ISO to Flash. Consult your distribution’s installation guide for specific procedures.
Write the Distribution’s Installer to a USB Drive
In most cases, you’ll download an ISO file from your distribution’s website. This ISO is technically a disc image originally intended for burning to CDs or DVDs. Now, most people write the ISO to a dedicated removable USB drive.
After you’ve prepared the USB stick, backed up essential files, and—if necessary—resized your Windows or macOS volumes, you’re ready to install Linux.
Install Linux
Almost all Linux distributions install with a similar graphical installer. Although each distribution offers its own quirks and screens, for the most part, they’re fairly interchangeable. The only complex distributions are those without a graphical installer—e.g., Slackware.
The process typically unfolds as follows:
Reboot your computer with the USB drive plugged in. Depending on how your computer is configured, it’ll either boot to the USB drive, or you’ll have to press some sort of escape-key sequence to prompt an alternative boot order.
Watch your computer’s screen during the initial start-up sequence. Often, you’ll see a brief message advising you to press a special key to launch the BIOS/UEFI settings or to modify the boot-device order.
Allow Linux to load. Depending on the distribution, it’ll either push you to an installer program, or it’ll load a live USB environment. In the live environment, you’re free to play with it a few minutes to verify you’re comfortable with the distribution. When you’re ready to install Linux to disk from the live environment, select the Install Linux or equivalent utility. Often, this utility resides as an icon on the desktop.
Answer the prompts in the installer. The biggest decision point relates to the partition scheme. To install Linux on the whole hard drive, accept the defaults. To install Linux alongside an existing operating system, assign Linux to the partition or free space you created in Windows or macOS before you started your Linux installation.
You’re free to mount your Windows or macOS partitions within the Linux filesystem, provided your distribution recognizes the filesystem type for Windows or Mac. Be careful, however, with mounting remote filesystems if you’re not familiar with how filesystems and drive mounting works—mistakes here could lead to loss of data for Windows or macOS.
Set the bootloader. Determine your bootloader strategy. Either Linux manages the bootloader for the computer—required for whole-disk installations—or Windows or macOS does. Windows 10 sometimes struggles on EFI systems with Linux managing the bootloader. If you let Windows or macOS manage the bootloader in a true dual-boot system, use the Windows or Mac tool to reconfigure your bootloader so that it recognizes your Linux system.
Let Linux manage the bootloader if you’re installing a virtual machine. Your host operating system (Windows or macOS) won’t be affected.
Reboot the computer. After the installer completes, you’re either prompted to remove your installation media and reboot, or you’re dropped back to the live session. In either case, remove the USB drive and reboot your computer. Pick your Linux distribution from the bootloader screen.
Configure Linux
When you log in to your new Linux system for the first time, you’re working from a clean slate. Use this opportunity to install valuable open-source software and configure your desktop environment.
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