Установка новой версии Windows на новом компьютере (без операционной системы) с помощью Configuration Manager Install a new version of Windows on a new computer (bare metal) with Configuration Manager

Область применения: Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Applies to: Configuration Manager (current branch)

Этот раздел содержит общие шаги в Configuration Manager по установке операционной системы на новый компьютер. This topic provides the general steps in Configuration Manager to install an operating system on a new computer. В этом сценарии можно выбирать из множества различных способов развертывания, таких как PXE, поставщик вычислительной техники или автономный носитель. For this scenario, you can choose from many different deployment methods, such as PXE, OEM, or stand-alone media. Если вы не уверены, что этот сценарий развертывания операционной системы вам подходит, см. раздел Сценарии развертывания операционных систем предприятия. If you are unsure that this is the right operating system deployment scenario for you, see Scenarios to deploy enterprise operating systems.

Используйте сведения в следующих разделах для обновления существующего компьютера до новой версии Windows. Use the following sections to refresh an existing computer with a new version of Windows.

План Plan

Планирование и реализация требований к инфраструктуре Plan for and implement infrastructure requirements

Существует ряд требований к инфраструктуре, которые должны быть выполнены перед развертыванием операционных систем, например наличие Windows ADK, служб развертывания Windows (WDS), поддерживаемых конфигураций жестких дисков и т. д. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе Требования к инфраструктуре для развертывания операционной системы. There are several infrastructure requirements that must be in place before you can deploy operating systems, such as Windows ADK, Windows Deployment Services (WDS), supported hard disk configurations, etc. For more information, see Infrastructure requirements for operating system deployment.

Настройка Configure

Подготовка загрузочного образа Prepare a boot image

Образы загрузки запускают компьютер в среде Windows PE (минимальная операционная система с ограниченным набором компонентов и служб), в которой потом можно установить полную операционную систему Windows на компьютере. Boot images start a computer in a Windows PE environment (a minimal operating system with limited components and services) that can then install a full Windows operating system on the computer. При развертывании операционных систем необходимо выбрать образ загрузки и распространить его в точку распространения. When you deploy operating systems, you must select a boot image to use and distribute the image to a distribution point. Используйте следующие сведения для подготовки образа: Use the following to prepare the boot image:

Дополнительные сведения об образах загрузки см. в разделе Управление загрузочными образами. To learn more about boot images, see Manage boot images.

Дополнительные сведения о настройке образа загрузки см. в разделе Настройка загрузочных образов. For more information about how to customize a boot image, see Customize boot images.

Распространите загрузочный образ в точки распространения. Distribute the boot image to distribution points. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе Distribute content. For more information, see Distribute content.

Подготовка образа операционной системы Prepare an operating system image

Образ операционной системы содержит файлы, необходимые для установки операционной системы на конечный компьютер. The operating system image contains the files necessary to install the operating system on the destination computer. Используйте следующие сведения для подготовки образа операционной системы: Use the following to prepare the operating system image:

Дополнительные сведения о создании образа операционной системы см. в разделе Управление образами операционных систем. To learn more about how to create an operating system image, see Manage operating system images.

Распространите образ в точки распространения. Distribute the operating system image to distribution points. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе Распространение содержимого. For more information, see Distribute content.

Новые установки Windows можно выполнить из исходных файлов установки через пакеты обновления ОС, но использовать вместо этого образы операционной системы, например install.wim. New installations of Windows can also be performed from installation source files via OS upgrade packages, but use OS images such as install.wim instead.

Развертывание новых установок Windows с помощью пакетов обновления ОС по-прежнему поддерживается, но зависит от драйверов, совместимых с этим методом. Deploying new installations of Windows via OS upgrade packages is still supported, but is dependent on drivers being compatible with this method. При выполнении установок Windows из пакета обновления ОС драйверы устанавливаются, находясь в Windows PE, а не просто внедряются в Windows PE. When installing Windows from an OS upgrade package, drivers are installed while still in Windows PE versus simply being injected while in Windows PE. Некоторые драйверы невозможно установить, когда они находятся в Windows PE. Some drivers are not compatible with being installed while in Windows PE. Если драйверы невозможно установить, когда они находятся в Windows PE, то используйте образ операционной системы. If drivers are not compatible with being installed while in Windows PE, then use an OS image instead.

Создание последовательности задач для развертывания операционных систем по сети Create a task sequence to deploy operating systems over the network

Используйте последовательности задач для автоматизации установки операционной системы по сети. Use a task sequence to automate the installation of the operating system over the network. Инструкции по созданию последовательности задач для развертывания операционной системы см. в разделе Создание последовательности задач для установки операционной системы. Use the steps in Create a task sequence to install an operating system to create the task sequence to deploy the operating system. В зависимости от выбранного метода развертывания могут потребоваться и другие действия для последовательности задач. Depending on the deployment method that you choose, there might be additional considerations for the task sequence.

Развернуть Deploy

Используйте один из следующих методов для развертывания операционной системы: Use one of the following deployment methods to deploy the operating system:

Монитор Monitor

Мониторинг развертывания последовательности задач Monitor the task sequence deployment

Сведения о мониторинге развертывания последовательности задач для установки операционной системы см. в разделе Мониторинг развертываний операционных систем. To monitor the task sequence deployment to install the operating system, see Monitor operating system deployments.

How to install the Microsoft Windows operating system

Each version of Microsoft Windows is installed on a computer using similar steps. While there are steps in the installation process that differ between versions of Windows, the following general steps and guidelines help you install Windows on your computer.

If you are replacing the hard drive in your computer, you need to reinstall Windows again.

If you are replacing the motherboard in your computer, you may need to purchase a new licensed copy of Windows and install it. Microsoft has designed current versions of Windows to be tied to the motherboard in the computer when Windows is installed. So if you change the motherboard, the existing license, or product key, may no longer be valid.

If you want to upgrade to a newer version of Windows on your computer, the steps on this page help you with the upgrade process. The Windows installation process should recognize if you have an older version of Windows already installed on the computer and ask if you want to upgrade or perform a fresh install. The upgrade process installs the newer Windows operating system files over top the old ones and preserve your files.

The steps below are for all recent versions of Windows, including Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. These steps would even work for earlier versions (e.g., Windows 95) as long as you’re using the disc version. The floppy diskette version is similar, but it requires additional steps.

The install guidelines for Windows for a server have additional steps based on the type of server and version of Windows.

Check hardware compatibility

Before installing or upgrading Windows on your computer, check the hardware in the computer to make sure it’s compatible with that version of Windows. Microsoft provides a Windows Compatible Products List for checking if the hardware in your computer is compatible with the chosen version of Windows.

If you find that one or more pieces of hardware in your computer are not compatible with the chosen Windows version, we recommend replacing that hardware with compatible hardware. Having compatible hardware in your computer helps ensure the Windows install or upgrade process is successful.

Genuine Windows CD, DVD, or USB thumb drive

First, you need a genuine copy of the Microsoft Windows operating system installation CD, DVD, or USB thumb drive. A genuine Windows product key is included with the installation disc, which is required to activate Windows after installation. If you have an OEM computer, the Windows product key is often on the back or side of the computer.

If you have an OEM computer (e.g., Acer, Dell, HP, etc.), the computer will not have a genuine Windows CD, DVD, or USB thumb drive. Instead, you would reinstall Windows and all the software using a hidden partition or a set of restore discs. The steps mentioned on this page would still work, but you’d need a copy of Windows. You can borrow a friends Windows disc, as long as its the same version of Windows that came with the computer and have a product key.

With early versions of Windows, you cannot download a copy of Windows to install on a computer. You must purchase a physical copy of Windows. If you are installing Windows 10, you can download the Windows 10 creation tool to create a bootable disc or USB thumb drive.

Microsoft has Windows 10 available for download only from their website. Any other site that claims to have copies of other versions of Windows should not be trusted. These copies of Windows are pirated software and could contain anything including spyware or malware.

Installing or upgrading Windows

To start the Windows install or upgrade process, you need to configure your computer to boot from a CD or DVD before booting to the hard drive. Changing the boot process forces the computer to look for the Windows installation disc before trying to boot from the hard drive.

1. Open the CMOS setup.

• How to enter the BIOS or CMOS setup.

1. Change the computer’s boot order. Set the CD, DVD or disc drive as the first boot device if you are trying to boot from a disc. Or, set the first boot device to your USB drive if you’re trying to boot from a USB thumb drive. If the drive is not shown, keep the disc is inserted and reboot the computer. With the disc in the drive, BIOS should recognize and include it in the list.
2. Save the settings change and exit BIOS.

Once you have updated the boot order, you can begin the Windows installation process.

1. Place the Windows disc in the CD/DVD drive or USB thumb drive into the back of the computer.
2. Turn on or restart the computer. As the computer starts up, it should detect the installation disc or drive and show a message similar to Press any key to boot from CD. Press any key on the keyboard to have the computer boot from the Windows disc or drive.
3. After the Windows install begins, there are several prompts that you need to answer. Select either Yes or the appropriate option to install Windows.

Make sure you select the Full Install option and not the Repair or Upgrade option.

If you are upgrading to a newer version of Windows, select the Upgrade option instead of the Full Install option.

1. When asked which partition to install Windows onto, select the main partition, which is usually the C: drive or one labeled «Unallocated partition». If upgrading Windows, select the existing installation of Windows on the hard drive.
2. You may be asked if you want to erase all contents on the hard drive, then install Windows. We recommend you choose this option, as it also formats the hard drive to allow the Windows operating system to be installed.

You can use the erase all contents option to effectively uninstall an existing version of Windows on the hard drive, then install Windows agains.

1. The computer may need to restart several times during the Windows install process. The restarts are normal and if prompted to restart, select the Yes option.
2. When the install process is nearly complete, the Windows configuration option screens are shown. On these screens, you may be asked to select the time zone you live in, your preferred language, and the name of the account you use to access Windows. Select the appropriate options and enter the appropriate information on each configuration screen.

The Windows install process is completed when the computer prompts you to log in or when it loads into Windows.

Final Windows and computer configuration

After Windows is installed on the computer, you need to install the drivers and related software for the hardware in the computer. You can use the installation discs that came with the hardware, or you can download the drivers from the hardware manufacturer’s website.

If you cannot download drivers because your network card is not working after installing Windows, you can download the drivers on another computer. Then, copy them to a USB thumb drive, and move them over to your computer.

It is strongly recommended that you install the latest drivers for each piece of hardware.

To determine which hardware needs drivers to be installed, check the Device Manager and look for exclamation mark «!» next to hardware devices. The exclamation point means drivers are needed for that device.

After installing the necessary hardware device drivers, install any software programs on the computer that you want to use.

Finally, download and install any available Windows updates. Updating Windows improves the performance of the operating system, the hardware in the computer, and software programs you use. It can also improve security by fixing potential security holes and flaws in Windows.

Long-term maintenance of Windows

Microsoft frequently releases new updates for Windows, so we recommend you check for and install available updates. Doing so helps keep Windows running better and keep your computer protected.

Also, periodically check for updated hardware device drivers from manufacturers’ websites. Keeping hardware drivers updated helps the hardware devices in the computer run at peak performance and improves compatibility with other computer hardware and software.