Installing sql on linux

Quickstart: Install SQL Server and create a database on Ubuntu

Applies to: SQL Server (all supported versions) — Linux

In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2017 on Ubuntu 16.04/18.04. You then connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.

This tutorial requires user input and an internet connection. If you are interested in the unattended or offline installation procedures, see Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux. For a list of supported platforms, see our Release notes.

In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2019 on Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, or 20.04. You then connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.

Ubuntu 20.04 is supported starting with SQL Server 2019 CU10.

This tutorial requires user input and an internet connection. If you are interested in the unattended or offline installation procedures, see Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux. For a list of supported platforms, see our Release notes.

Prerequisites

You must have an Ubuntu 16.04 or 18.04 machine with at least 2 GB of memory.

To install Ubuntu 18.04 on your own machine, go to http://releases.ubuntu.com/bionic/. You can also create Ubuntu virtual machines in Azure. See Create and Manage Linux VMs with the Azure CLI.

At this time, the Windows Subsystem for Linux for Windows 10 is not supported as an installation target for production workloads.

Ubuntu 18.04 is supported starting with SQL Server 2017 CU20. If you want to use the instructions on this article with Ubuntu 18.04, make sure you use the correct repository path, 18.04 instead of 16.04 .

If you are running SQL Server on a lower version, the configuration is possible with modifications.

You must have an Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, or 20.04 machine with at least 2 GB of memory.

To install Ubuntu 20.04 on your own machine, go to https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04/. You can also create Ubuntu virtual machines in Azure. See Create and Manage Linux VMs with the Azure CLI.

At this time, the Windows Subsystem for Linux for Windows 10 is not supported as an installation target for production workloads.

Install SQL Server

The following commands for SQL Server 2017 points to the Ubuntu 18.04 repository. If you are using Ubuntu 16.04, change the path below to /ubuntu/16.04/ instead of /ubuntu/18.04/ .

To configure SQL Server on Ubuntu, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package.

Import the public repository GPG keys:

Register the Microsoft SQL Server Ubuntu repository:

For Ubuntu 16.04:

For Ubuntu 18.04:

If you want to install SQL Server 2019 , you must instead register the SQL Server 2019 repository. Use the following command for SQL Server 2019 installations:

For Ubuntu 16.04:

For Ubuntu 18.04:

Run the following commands to install SQL Server:

After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup and follow the prompts to set the SA password and choose your edition.

The following SQL Server 2017 editions are freely licensed: Evaluation, Developer, and Express.

Make sure to specify a strong password for the SA account (Minimum length 8 characters, including uppercase and lowercase letters, base 10 digits and/or non-alphanumeric symbols).

Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:

If you plan to connect remotely, you might also need to open the SQL Server TCP port (default 1433) on your firewall.

At this point, SQL Server is running on your Ubuntu machine and is ready to use!

Install SQL Server

The following commands for SQL Server 2019 points to the Ubuntu 20.04 repository. If you are using Ubuntu 18.04 or 16.04, change the path below to /ubuntu/18.04/ or /ubuntu/16.04/ instead of /ubuntu/20.04/ .

To configure SQL Server on Ubuntu, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package.

Import the public repository GPG keys:

Register the Microsoft SQL Server Ubuntu repository for SQL Server 2019:

For Ubuntu 16.04:

For Ubuntu 18.04:

For Ubuntu 20.04:

Run the following commands to install SQL Server:

After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup and follow the prompts to set the SA password and choose your edition.

Make sure to specify a strong password for the SA account (Minimum length 8 characters, including uppercase and lowercase letters, base 10 digits and/or non-alphanumeric symbols).

Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:

If you plan to connect remotely, you might also need to open the SQL Server TCP port (default 1433) on your firewall.

At this point, SQL Server 2019 is running on your Ubuntu machine and is ready to use!

Install the SQL Server command-line tools

To create a database, you need to connect with a tool that can run Transact-SQL statements on the SQL Server. The following steps install the SQL Server command-line tools: sqlcmd and bcp.

Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools on Ubuntu.

By default, curl isn’t installed on Ubuntu. To install curl, run this code:

Import the public repository GPG keys.

Register the Microsoft Ubuntu repository.

For Ubuntu 16.04:

For Ubuntu 18.04:

For Ubuntu 20.04:

Update the sources list and run the installation command with the unixODBC developer package. For more information, see Install the Microsoft ODBC driver for SQL Server (Linux).

To update to the latest version of mssql-tools run the following commands:

Optional: Add /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ to your PATH environment variable in a bash shell.

To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for login sessions, modify your PATH in the

/.bash_profile file with the following command:

To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for interactive/non-login sessions, modify the PATH in the

/.bashrc file with the following command:

Connect locally

The following steps use sqlcmd to locally connect to your new SQL Server instance.

Run sqlcmd with parameters for your SQL Server name (-S), the user name (-U), and the password (-P). In this tutorial, you are connecting locally, so the server name is localhost . The user name is SA and the password is the one you provided for the SA account during setup.

You can omit the password on the command line to be prompted to enter it.

If you later decide to connect remotely, specify the machine name or IP address for the -S parameter, and make sure port 1433 is open on your firewall.

If successful, you should get to a sqlcmd command prompt: 1> .

If you get a connection failure, first attempt to diagnose the problem from the error message. Then review the connection troubleshooting recommendations.

Create and query data

The following sections walk you through using sqlcmd to create a new database, add data, and run a simple query.

Create a new database

The following steps create a new database named TestDB .

From the sqlcmd command prompt, paste the following Transact-SQL command to create a test database:

On the next line, write a query to return the name of all of the databases on your server:

The previous two commands were not executed immediately. You must type GO on a new line to execute the previous commands:

To learn more about writing Transact-SQL statements and queries, see Tutorial: Writing Transact-SQL Statements.

Insert data

Next create a new table, Inventory , and insert two new rows.

From the sqlcmd command prompt, switch context to the new TestDB database:

Create new table named Inventory :

Insert data into the new table:

Type GO to execute the previous commands:

Select data

Now, run a query to return data from the Inventory table.

From the sqlcmd command prompt, enter a query that returns rows from the Inventory table where the quantity is greater than 152:

Execute the command:

Exit the sqlcmd command prompt

To end your sqlcmd session, type QUIT :

Performance best practices

After installing SQL Server on Linux, review the best practices for configuring Linux and SQL Server to improve performance for production scenarios. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.

Cross-platform data tools

In addition to sqlcmd, you can use the following cross-platform tools to manage SQL Server:

Tool	Description
Azure Data Studio	A cross-platform GUI database management utility.
Visual Studio Code	A cross-platform GUI code editor that run Transact-SQL statements with the mssql extension.
PowerShell Core	A cross-platform automation and configuration tool based on cmdlets.
mssql-cli	A cross-platform command-line interface for running Transact-SQL commands.

Connecting from Windows

SQL Server tools on Windows connect to SQL Server instances on Linux in the same way they would connect to any remote SQL Server instance.

If you have a Windows machine that can connect to your Linux machine, try the same steps in this topic from a Windows command-prompt running sqlcmd. Just verify that you use the target Linux machine name or IP address rather than localhost, and make sure that TCP port 1433 is open. If you have any problems connecting from Windows, see connection troubleshooting recommendations.

For other tools that run on Windows but connect to SQL Server on Linux, see:

Other deployment scenarios

For other installation scenarios, see the following resources:

• Upgrade: Learn how to upgrade an existing installation of SQL Server on Linux
• Uninstall: Uninstall SQL Server on Linux
• Unattended install: Learn how to script the installation without prompts
• Offline install: Learn how to manually download the packages for offline installation

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

Источник

Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux

Applies to: SQL Server (all supported versions) — Linux

This article provides guidance for installing, updating, and uninstalling SQL Server 2017 and SQL Server 2019 on Linux.

For other deployment scenarios, see:

This guide covers several deployment scenarios. If you are only looking for step-by-step installation instructions, jump to one of the quickstarts:

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

Supported platforms

SQL Server is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu. It is also supported as a Docker image, which can run on Docker Engine on Linux or Docker for Windows/Mac.

Platform	Supported version(s)	Get
Red Hat Enterprise Linux	7.7 — 7.9, 8.0 — 8.3	Get RHEL
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server	v12 SP3 — SP5	Get SLES v12
Ubuntu	16.04, 18.04	Get Ubuntu 18.04
Docker Engine	1.8+	Get Docker

Supported platforms

Platform	File System	Installation Guide	Get
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 — 7.9, or 8.0 — 8.3 Server	XFS or EXT4	Installation guide	Get RHEL 8.0
SUSE Enterprise Linux Server v12 SP3 — SP5	XFS or EXT4	Installation guide	Get SLES v12
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS, 20.04 LTS	XFS or EXT4	Installation guide	Get Ubuntu 20.04
Docker Engine 1.8+ on Windows, Mac, or Linux	N/A	Installation guide	Get Docker

For more information, review the system requirements for SQL Server on Linux. For the latest support policy for SQL Server 2017, see the Technical support policy for Microsoft SQL Server.

Microsoft also supports deploying and managing SQL Server containers by using OpenShift and Kubernetes.

SQL Server is tested and supported on Linux for the previously listed distributions. If you choose to install SQL Server on an unsupported operating system, please review the Support policy section of the Technical support policy for Microsoft SQL Server to understand the support implications.

System requirements

SQL Server has the following system requirements for Linux:

Requirement
Memory	2 GB
File System	XFS or EXT4 (other file systems, such as BTRFS, are unsupported)
Disk space	6 GB
Processor speed	2 GHz
Processor cores	2 cores
Processor type	x64-compatible only

If you use Network File System (NFS) remote shares in production, note the following support requirements:

• Use NFS version 4.2 or higher. Older versions of NFS do not support required features, such as fallocate and sparse file creation, common to modern file systems.
• Locate only the /var/opt/mssql directories on the NFS mount. Other files, such as the SQL Server system binaries, are not supported.
• Ensure that NFS clients use the ‘nolock’ option when mounting the remote share.

Configure source repositories

When you install or upgrade SQL Server, you get the latest version of SQL Server from your configured Microsoft repository. The quickstarts use the Cumulative Update CU repository for SQL Server. But you can instead configure a GDR repository. For more information on repositories and how to configure them, see Configure repositories for SQL Server on Linux.

Install SQL Server

You can install SQL Server 2017 or SQL Server 2019 on Linux from the command line. For step-by-step instructions, see one of the following quickstarts:

Platform	Installation quickstarts
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)	2017 | 2019
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)	2017 | 2019
Ubuntu	2017 | 2019
Docker	2017 | 2019

You can also run SQL Server on Linux in an Azure virtual machine. For more information, see Provision a SQL VM in Azure.

After installing, consider making additional configuration changes for optimal performance. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.

Update or Upgrade SQL Server

To update the mssql-server package to the latest release, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Platform	Package update command(s)
RHEL	sudo yum update mssql-server
SLES	sudo zypper update mssql-server
Ubuntu	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mssql-server

These commands download the newest package and replace the binaries located under /opt/mssql/ . The user generated databases and system databases are not affected by this operation.

To upgrade SQL Server, first change your configured repository to the desired version of SQL Server. Then use the same update command to upgrade your version of SQL Server. This is only possible if the upgrade path is supported between the two repositories.

Rollback SQL Server

To rollback or downgrade SQL Server to a previous release, use the following steps:

Identify the version number for the SQL Server package you want to downgrade to. For a list of package numbers, see the Release notes.

Downgrade to a previous version of SQL Server. In the following commands, replace with the SQL Server version number you identified in step one.

Platform	Package update command(s)
RHEL	sudo yum downgrade mssql-server- .x86_64
SLES	sudo zypper install —oldpackage mssql-server=
Ubuntu	sudo apt-get install mssql-server= sudo systemctl start mssql-server

It is only supported to downgrade to a release within the same major version, such as SQL Server 2019.

Check installed SQL Server version

To verify your current version and edition of SQL Server on Linux, use the following procedure:

If not already installed, install the SQL Server command-line tools.

Use sqlcmd to run a Transact-SQL command that displays your SQL Server version and edition.

Uninstall SQL Server

To remove the mssql-server package on Linux, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Platform	Package removal command(s)
RHEL	sudo yum remove mssql-server
SLES	sudo zypper remove mssql-server
Ubuntu	sudo apt-get remove mssql-server

Removing the package does not delete the generated database files. If you want to delete the database files, use the following command:

Unattended install

You can perform an unattended installation in the following way:

• Follow the initial steps in the quickstarts to register the repositories and install SQL Server.
• When you run mssql-conf setup , set environment variables and use the -n (no prompt) option.

The following example configures the Developer edition of SQL Server with the MSSQL_PID environment variable. It also accepts the EULA (ACCEPT_EULA) and sets the SA user password (MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD). The -n parameter performs an unprompted installation where the configuration values are pulled from the environment variables.

You can also create a script that performs other actions. For example, you could install other SQL Server packages.

For a more detailed sample script, see the following examples:

Offline install

If your Linux machine does not have access to the online repositories used in the quick starts, you can download the package files directly. These packages are located in the Microsoft repository, https://packages.microsoft.com.

If you successfully installed with the steps in the quick starts, you do not need to download or manually install the SQL Server package(s). This section is only for the offline scenario.

Download the database engine package for your platform. Find package download links in the package details section of the Release Notes.

Move the downloaded package to your Linux machine. If you used a different machine to download the packages, one way to move the packages to your Linux machine is with the scp command.

Install the database engine package. Use one of the following commands based on your platform. Replace the package file name in this example with the exact name you downloaded.

Platform	Package install command
RHEL	sudo yum localinstall mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
SLES	sudo zypper install mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
Ubuntu	sudo dpkg -i mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

You can also install the RPM packages (RHEL and SLES) with the rpm -ivh command, but the commands in the previous table automatically install dependencies if available from approved repositories.

Resolve missing dependencies: You might have missing dependencies at this point. If not, you can skip this step. On Ubuntu, if you have access to approved repositories containing those dependencies, the easiest solution is to use the apt-get -f install command. This command also completes the installation of SQL Server. To manually inspect dependencies, use the following commands:

Platform	List dependencies command
RHEL	rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
SLES	rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
Ubuntu	dpkg -I mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

After resolving the missing dependencies, attempt to install the mssql-server package again.

Complete the SQL Server setup. Use mssql-conf to complete the SQL Server setup:

Licensing and pricing

SQL Server is licensed the same for Linux and Windows. For more information about SQL Server licensing and pricing, see How to license SQL Server.

Optional SQL Server features

After installation, you can also install or enable optional SQL Server features.

Get help

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

Источник