Переменная окружения JAVA_HOME – что это такое и она нужна

Во многих статьях в интернете, документации к инструментам для разработки на Java и в книгах зачастую упоминается JAVA_HOME. Что же такое JAVA_HOME?

Что такое JAVA_HOME

JAVA_HOME это переменная окружения, указывающая на директорию с установленным JDK (Java Development Kit, комплект разработчика Java). JAVA_HOME это соглашение, используемое во многих программах из экосистемы Java.

Какие программы используют JAVA_HOME

• Intellij IDEA, Eclipse, NetBeans
• Apache Maven, Apache Ant, Gradle
• Apache Tomcat
• Jenkins

Некоторые игры, написанные на Java (например, Minecraft), тоже могут требовать установленной переменной JAVA_HOME.

Ошибки, связанные с JAVA_HOME

Если переменная окружения JAVA_HOME не определена, некоторые программы могут выдавать следующие ошибки:

• Переменная среды java_home не определена
• Cannot determine a valid Java Home
• JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory
• JAVA_HOME is not defined correctly
• JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set
• JAVA_HOME command not found
• JAVA_HOME not found in your environment
• JAVA_HOME does not point to the JDK

При появлении таких ошибок просто установите переменную JAVA_HOME

Как установить переменную окружения JAVA_HOME в Windows

Сперва вам нужно установить JDK или JRE.

• Установите JDK, если вы занимаетесь разработкой программ на Java
• Установите JRE, если вам нужно только запустить прикладную программу на Java

После установки JDK либо JRE запишите путь установки, он понадобится.

Теперь щёлкните правой кнопкой на «Мой компьютер» → «Свойства» → «Дополнительные параметры системы» → «Переменные среды…». В разделе «Системные переменные» нажмите кнопку «Создать…» и укажите следующие данные:

Имя переменной	JAVA_HOME
Значение переменной	Путь к директории JDK / JRE, например: C:\Java\jdk-11.0.6

Сохраните изменения, кликнув «OK». Теперь выберите в списке переменную окружения Path и нажмите «Изменить…». В конце списка добавьте строчку со значением «%JAVA_HOME%\bin«

Для проверки откройте консоль (Win+R, cmd) и укажите последовательно укажите две команды:

Если вы правильно установили JDK/JRE и правильно установили переменные окружения, вы увидите вывод наподобие этого:

Это будет служить результатом того, что переменная JAVA_HOME установлена правильно и Java работает из командной строки.

Резюме

В данной статье мы рассказали вам, что являет собой переменная окружения JAVA_HOME, где она используется и как её корректно указать.

How to change JAVA.HOME for Eclipse/ANT

I am trying to sign a jar file using an ANT script. I know this has to be pointed at the JDK directory for jarsigner.exe to run, but when I echo java.home it returns the JRE directory.

This isn’t a problem for javac, because I can set the executable path. But, that does not exist for signjar.

How do I change the java.home path? When I right-click on MyComputer and go to:

Properties > Advanced > Environment Variables

The «PATH» variable is correctly pointed to the JDK ( C:\program files\java\jdk\bin ).

Update: The file now signs correctly after changing the PATH variable suggested below.

10 Answers 10

In Eclipse the Ant java.home variable is not based on the Windows JAVA_HOME environment variable. Instead it is set to the home directory of the project’s JRE.

To change the default JRE (e.g. change it to a JDK) you can go to Windows->Preferences. and choose Java->Installed JREs.

To change just a single project’s JRE you can go to Project->Properties and choose Java Build Path and choose the Libraries tab. Find the JRE System Library and click it, then choose Edit and choose the JRE (or JDK) that you want.

If that doesn’t work then when running the build file you can choose Run as->Ant Build. and click the JRE tab, choose separate JRE and specify the JRE you want there.

For me, ant apparently refuses to listen to any configuration for eclipse default, project JDK, and the suggestion of «Ant Home Entries» just didn’t have traction — there was nothing there referring to JDK.

However, this works:

Under Windows you need to follow:

Start -> Control Panel -> System -> Advanced -> Environment Variables.

. and you need to set JAVA_HOME (which is distinct from the PATH variable you mention) to reference the JDK home directory, not the bin sub-directory; e.g. «C:\program files\java\jdk».

Simply, to enforce JAVA version to Ant in Eclipse:

Use RunAs option on Ant file then select External Tool Configuration in JRE tab define your JDK/JRE version you want to use.

Also be sure to set your JAVA_HOME environment variable. In fact, I usually set the JAVA_HOME , then prepend the string » %JAVA_HOME%\bin » to the system’s PATH environment variable so that if Java ever gets upgraded or changed, only the JAVA_HOME variable will need to be changed.

And make sure that you close any command prompt windows or open applications that may read your environment variables, as changes to environment variables are normally not noticed until an application is re-launched.

In addition to verifying that the executables are in your path, you should also make sure that Ant can find tools.jar in your JDK. The easiest way to fix this is to add the tools.jar to the Ant classpath:

If you are using Eclipse, try the following:

• Right click on the ant build file, then choose «Properties».
• Click on the «Run/Debug Settings», then click on the launch configuration file. You should be able to edit it then.
• After you click «Edit», you should see a new window with a «Properties» tab which will show you a list of Ant build properties. There is a «java.home» property in the list. Make sure it refers to the correct path.

Spent a few hours facing this issue this morning. I am likely to be the least technical person on these forums. Like the requester, I endured every reminder to set %JAVA_HOME%, biting my tongue each time I saw this non luminary advice. Finally I pondered whether my laptop’s JRE was versions ahead of my JDK (as JREs are regularly updated automatically) and I installed the latest JDK. The difference was minor, emanating from a matter of weeks of different versions. I started with this error on jdk v 1.0865. The JRE was 1.0866. After installation, I had jdk v1.0874 and the equivalent JRE. At that point, I directed the Eclipse JRE to focus on my JDK and all was well. My println of java.home even reflected the correct JRE.

So much feedback repeated the wrong responses. I would strongly request that people read the feedback from others to avoid useless redundancy. Take care all, SG

Go to Environment variable and add

till jdk path (exclude bin folder)
now set JAVA_HOME into path as PATH=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;
This will set java path to all the applications which are using java.

and include ANT_HOME into PATH, so path will look like PATH=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%ANT_HOME%;

Set environment variables

This is the part that I always forget. Because you’re installing Ant by hand, you also need to deal with setting environment variables by hand.

For Windows XP: To set environment variables on Windows XP, right click on My Computer and select Properties. Then go to the Advanced tab and click the Environment Variables button at the bottom.

For Windows 7: To set environment variables on Windows 7, right click on Computer and select Properties. Click on Advanced System Settings and click the Environment Variables button at the bottom.

The dialog for both Windows XP and Windows 7 is the same. Make sure you’re only working on system variables and not user variables.

The only environment variable that you absolutely need is JAVA_HOME, which tells Ant the location of your JRE. If you’ve installed the JDK, this is likely c:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.x.x\jre on Windows XP and c:\Program Files(x86)\Java\jdk1.x.x\jre on Windows 7. You’ll note that both have spaces in their paths, which causes a problem. You need to use the mangled name[3] instead of the complete name. So for Windows XP, use C:\Progra

1\Java\jdk1.x.x\jre and for Windows 7, use C:\Progra

2\Java\jdk1.6.0_26\jre if it’s installed in the Program Files(x86) folder (otherwise use the same as Windows XP).

That alone is enough to get Ant to work, but for convenience, it’s a good idea to add the Ant binary path to the PATH variable. This variable is a semicolon-delimited list of directories to search for executables. To be able to run ant in any directory, Windows needs to know both the location for the ant binary and for the java binary. You’ll need to add both of these to the end of the PATH variable. For Windows XP, you’ll likely add something like this:

For Windows 7, it will look something like this:

Once you’ve done that and applied the changes, you’ll need to open a new command prompt to see if the variables are set properly. You should be able to simply run ant and see something like this:

Java home eclipse windows

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This package includes:

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• org.eclipse.jdt
• org.eclipse.jgit
• org.eclipse.m2e.feature
• org.eclipse.m2e.lemminx.feature
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• org.eclipse.mylyn.wikitext.editors_feature
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Maintained by: Eclipse Packaging Project

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Bugzilla

Bug ID	Title	Status
516739	Add WindowBuilder to Java package again	NEW
513809	[wiring] HttpComponents wiring issue	NEW
509799	Symantec reports a Trojan SONAR.AM.C!g24 in eclipse	NEW
508091	Duplicate options in Eclipse.ini	NEW
521514	Add «Eclipse News» RSS feed to Java Package	NEW
522649	News feed plugin not installed on upgrade installs	NEW
536469	Use png with transparent icon in the about dialog of Java EPP (and others if applicable)	NEW
530698	Using weka api	NEW
526611	win64 version missing	NEW
498457	FileNotFoundException : org.eclipse.ui_3.108.0.v20160518-1929.jar	NEW
489296	Improve out-of-box experience for non-english locales	NEW
386806	New Eclipse Icon not used by Eclipse 4.2 on Windows 7	NEW
374170	bugs when updating software	NEW
364551	setup automated tests for Java EPP package	NEW
414381	Failed to load the JNI shared library «C:\ogramFiles\Java\jre6\bin\client\jvm.dll»\	NEW
458646	Problème démarrage Eclipse	NEW
355002	EPP packages need styling	NEW
473585	Help system broken after updating from Luna to Mars	NEW
487713	FileNotFoundException: introData.xml	NEW
382232	Add ‘EGit Import’ to EPP package with EGit	ASSIGNED
487722	Dead link for «Remote Help»: Topic not found	REOPENED

Bugs listed in italics indicate the bug has been moved to another project.

Bug ID	Title	Status
382804	Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V shortcuts don’t work while editing Android XML	RESOLVED
492163	Add Maven to java package	RESOLVED
383193	Taskbar icon doesn’t show Android build progress	RESOLVED
490044	[Welcome] Adopt Solstice theme for Java package	RESOLVED
386686	the Mobile package should include the Mylyn Bugzilla connector	RESOLVED
365594	add code recommenders to java package	RESOLVED
358692	Eclipse java package crash in Ubuntu 11.0.4	RESOLVED
356126	fix Mylyn repository URLs in EPP packages for Indigo	RESOLVED
356349	update Mylyn URLs for Juno	RESOLVED
357020	add Mylyn Hudson/Jenkins connector to Java package	RESOLVED
357332	Annotations not shown on overview ruler	RESOLVED
389113	Unable to Launch Eclipse after download and setup: «The Eclipse executable launcher was unable to locate its companion shared library.»	RESOLVED
406246	zip compression error	RESOLVED
468598	Mars RC1 Mac packages are damaged	RESOLVED
535504	Open file feature broken in Photon RC2 EPP packages	RESOLVED
474204	Include Buildship as part of Java package	RESOLVED
534617	[Photon] [java] Add Tip of the Day to the Java Package	RESOLVED
528429	m2e to download sources by default	RESOLVED
194805	add Error Log view to Java EPP distribution	RESOLVED
432716	Consider org.eclipse.recommenders.mylyn.rcp.feature for inclusion into Java package	RESOLVED
483914	bug	RESOLVED
436206	Re-enable Marketplace Client in Java Package	RESOLVED
481475	Scroll lock button being disabled	RESOLVED
350079	EGit should be by included in Java package	RESOLVED
355058	update repository locations for Juno	RESOLVED
275767	[Galileo M7] FileNotFoundException when updating Mylyn	RESOLVED
275719	[Galileo M7] packages do not have dropins folder	RESOLVED
279203	Add and enable Mylyn update site by default	RESOLVED
281448	[update] manager talking to update sites not available	RESOLVED
549138	Mylyn cannot be removed from Java IDE package	RESOLVED
275558	[Galileo M7] welcome view is not displayed on first startup	RESOLVED
275523	[Galileo M7] features appear twice in the about dialog	RESOLVED
246466	Missing/extra update sites when installing in either C:\program file or C:\	RESOLVED
248976	«IDE for Java Developers» package is too restrictive by specifying Java 1.5 as required	RESOLVED
275520	[Galileo M7] package does not have any update sites	RESOLVED
275521	Improve branding for Galileo java package	RESOLVED
297341	EPP web page «Download Milestone» link points to old builds	RESOLVED
287566	error on update after clean install	RESOLVED
341705	I tried to load the eclipse environment in Win Vista OS and got problems restoring workbench.	RESOLVED
343869	Add WindowBuilder Core and Swing to the Java package	RESOLVED
346703	Inclusion of m2e marketplace on help menu causing confusion	RESOLVED
348157	intrusive «preview?» dialog on startup, from WindowBuilder	RESOLVED
340312	Indigo Java package logs lots of output	RESOLVED
334180	package contains duplicate (and modified?) bundles	RESOLVED
313818	Bugzilla connector does not load on Java 1.5 due to missing java.xml.bind bundle	RESOLVED
306817	Cannot update from M5 to Eclipse 3.6 M6	RESOLVED
311613	java IDE / m6 / linux has an EclispeCon splash screen?	RESOLVED
507104	Include EclEmma in Java Package	RESOLVED
507515	Issue encountered when updating and reinstalling ABAP Development tools on NEON version.	CLOSED
532067	Open Bugs	CLOSED
530726	Mac OS X（Cocoa）64位下载连接无效	CLOSED
515622	Eclipse will not run	CLOSED
526343	Constantly returning error message when opening the program	CLOSED
501518	Exception while updating external folders	CLOSED
521654	Getting error while starting Apache server	CLOSED
529170	MacOs didnt open the program	CLOSED
548444	The Java GUI is too big	CLOSED
497204	resource in project, but error says not open	CLOSED
547604	Can’t Install software	CLOSED
548562	I am not able to update because of unfound repositories.	CLOSED
550404	sgfghg	CLOSED
551635	I can’t run eclipse without having a bug on it.	CLOSED
543464	2018-12 Installation Error	CLOSED
543054	Eclipse crashing while looking at files	CLOSED
540168	java 11	CLOSED
539041	Unable to Install	CLOSED
541760	Missing Java Developer links for 2018-12 M3	CLOSED
542080	Problems occurred when invoking code from plug-in: «org.eclipse.ui.views.properties.tabbed».	CLOSED
543011	java.io.FileWriter, the File cannot be deleted	CLOSED
534760	Simple compilation fails in Eclipse Oxygen.3a	CLOSED
457081	Add Error Reporting to Java Package	CLOSED
435919	Add «Eclipse Code Recommenders» to «This package includes» list	CLOSED
435449	Add org.eclipse.recommenders.snipmatch.rcp.feature to java-package	CLOSED
436109	update java package maintainer information	CLOSED
455363	Allow users to uninstall features from a package	CLOSED
461540	Unarchiving error	CLOSED
414385	the eclipsec executable launcher was unable to locate its companion shared library	CLOSED
384532	The Eclipse executable launcher was unable to locate its companion shared library	CLOSED
330226	Inclusion of m2e	CLOSED
304968	LinkageError when trying to use Eclipse to run (PDE) Ant scripts	CLOSED
349028	fix provider name for org.eclipse.wb.discovery.*	CLOSED
353613	Add EGit 1.1 to java-package	CLOSED
381216	Zip file for Java IDE RC1 package requires a password?	CLOSED
464220	Bug	CLOSED
470912	p2 can’t find epp repo for Mars release	CLOSED
482370	thanks	CLOSED
482285	Mars.1 splash screen does not show progress bar after using console	CLOSED
484535	An error removing AppEngine from the project	CLOSED
494695	Didn’t update from old version	CLOSED
495806	Suboptimal «Visit» link on About Eclipse Features page	CLOSED
480756	Switch to root level features to allow users to remove unwanted features	CLOSED
478619	Webapp	CLOSED
476546	Eclipse Mars.1 RC2 for Java Developers includes CVS cheat sheets but no CVS support	CLOSED
476553	Installed Code Recommenders Snipmatch and Mylyn Integration features do not *show* under Installation Details	CLOSED
477195	Maintainer/tester information outdated	CLOSED
477572	p	CLOSED
497192	Eclipse Mars does not open in Windows 10 Pro	CLOSED

Bugs listed in italics indicate the bug has been moved to another project.