Kernel windows linux mac

Разница между macOS и ядрами Linux

Некоторые люди могут подумать, что есть сходство между macOS и ядром Linux, потому что они могут обрабатывать похожие команды и аналогичное программное обеспечение.

Некоторые люди даже думают, что MacOS от Apple базируется на Linux.

Правда в том, что оба ядра имеют очень разные истории и особенности.

Сегодня мы рассмотрим разницу между ядрами macOS и Linux.

История ядра macOS

Мы начнем с истории ядра macOS.

В 1985 году Стив Джобс покинул Apple из-за ссоры с генеральным директором Джоном Скалли и советом директоров Apple.

Затем он основал новую компьютерную компанию NeXT.

Джобс хотел быстро выйти на новый компьютер (с новой операционной системой).

Чтобы сэкономить время, команда NeXT использовала ядро Mach) от Carnegie Mellon и части базы данных BSD для создания операционной системы NeXTSTEP.

NeXT никогда не становился финансовым успехом, отчасти благодаря привычке Джобса тратить деньги, как и на Apple.

Между тем, Apple несколько раз пыталась обновить свою операционную систему, даже до тех пор, пока не была партнером IBM.

В 1997 году Apple приобрела NeXT за 429 миллионов долларов.

В рамках сделки Стив Джобс вернулся в Apple, а NeXTSTEP стал основой macOS и iOS.

История ядра Linux

В отличие от ядра macOS, Linux не был создан как часть коммерческой деятельности.

Вместо этого он был создан в 1991 году финским студентом-информатиком Линусом Торвальдсом.

Первоначально ядро было написано по спецификациям компьютера Линуса, потому что он хотел воспользоваться своим новым процессором 80386.

Линус опубликовал код для своего нового ядра в Интернете в августе 1991 года.

Вскоре он получал предложения по коду и предложениям со всего мира.

В следующем году Orest Zborowski портировал систему X Windows на Linux, предоставляя ей возможность поддерживать графический интерфейс пользователя.

За последние 27 лет Linux вырос и приобрел функции.

Это уже не маленький проект студента.

Теперь он управляет большинством вычислительных устройств в мире и суперкомпьютерами в мире.

Особенности ядра macOS

Ядро macOS официально известно как XNU.

Сокращение означает, что «XNU – это не Unix».

Согласно странице Github от Apple, XNU является «гибридным ядром, объединяющим ядро Mach, разработанное в Университете Карнеги-Меллона, с компонентами FreeBSD и C ++ API для написания драйверов».

Подсистема BSD часть кода «обычно реализуется как серверы пользовательского пространства в микроядрах».

Часть Mach отвечает за работу на низком уровне, такую как многозадачность, защищенная память, управление виртуальной памятью, поддержка отладки ядра и консольный ввод-вывод.

Особенности ядра Linux

В то время как ядро macOS сочетает в себе свойство микроядра (Mach)) и монолитного ядра (BSD), Linux является единственным монолитным ядром.

Монолитное ядро отвечает за управление процессором, памятью, межпроцессорной связью, драйверами устройств, файловой системой и системными серверами.

Разница между ядром Mac и Linux в одной строке

Ядро macOS (XNU) было дольше, чем Linux, и было основано на сочетании двух ранних кодовых баз.

С другой стороны, Linux новее, написан с нуля, и используется на многих других устройствах.

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What is the Difference Between the macOS and Linux Kernels

Last updated March 4, 2019 By John Paul 44 Comments

Some people might think that there are similarities between the macOS and the Linux kernel because they can handle similar commands and similar software. Some people even think that Apple’s macOS is based on Linux. The truth is that both kernels have very different histories and features. Today, we will take a look at the difference between macOS and Linux kernels.

History of macOS Kernel

We will start with the history of the macOS kernel. In 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple due to a falling out with CEO John Sculley and the Apple board of directors. He then founded a new computer company named NeXT. Jobs wanted to get a new computer (with a new operating system) to market quickly. To save time, the NeXT team used the Mach kernel from Carnegie Mellon and parts of the BSD code base to created the NeXTSTEP operating system.

NeXT never became a financial success, due in part to Jobs’ habit of spending money like he was still at Apple. Meanwhile, Apple had tried unsuccessfully on several occasions to update their operating system, even going so far as to partner with IBM. In 1997, Apple purchased NeXT for $429 million. As part of the deal, Steve Jobs returned to Apple and NeXTSTEP became the foundation of macOS and iOS.

History of Linux Kernel

Unlike the macOS kernel, Linux was not created as part of a commercial endeavor. Instead, it was created in 1991 by Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds. Originally, the kernel was written to the specifications of Linus’ computer because he wanted to take advantage of its new 80386 processor. Linus posted the code for his new kernel to the Usenet in August of 1991. Soon, he was receiving code and feature suggestions from all over the world. The following year Orest Zborowski ported the X Window System to Linux, giving it the ability to support a graphical user interface.

Over the last 27 years, Linux has slowly grown and gained features. It’s no longer a student’s small-time project. Now it runs most of the world’s computing devices and the world’s supercomputers. Not too shabby.

Features of the macOS Kernel

The macOS kernel is officially known as XNU. The acronym stands for “XNU is Not Unix.” According to Apple’s Github page, XNU is “a hybrid kernel combining the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University with components from FreeBSD and C++ API for writing drivers”. The BSD subsystem part of the code is “typically implemented as user-space servers in microkernel systems”. The Mach part is responsible for low-level work, such as multitasking, protected memory, virtual memory management, kernel debugging support, and console I/O.

Features of Linux Kernel

While the macOS kernel combines the feature of a microkernel (Mach)) and a monolithic kernel (BSD), Linux is solely a monolithic kernel. A monolithic kernel is responsible for managing the CPU, memory, inter-process communication, device drivers, file system, and system server calls.

Difference between Mac and Linux kernel in one line

The macOS kernel (XNU) has been around longer than Linux and was based on a combination of two even older code bases. On the other hand, Linux is newer, written from scratch, and is used on many more devices.

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[KERNEL TOOL] Multi Kernel installer — ARHD 7/9 — WINDOWS/LINUX/MAC — discontinued

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maseo

Senior Member

I’m not updating the scripts anymore, only use it for private ease-of-use. Feel free to use the scripts, copy / modify, if you have any ideas or want to work with it. Thanks for the support, but there are more (better) tools available at the time now.

So you’re running Android Revolution HD and you want to try a differtent kernel ey?
But you don’t know how to flash a kernel, which modules you need or you’re just plain lazy (like me ) and want to have it done for you.
I present to you, my Multi kernel installer!

*Works on Windows XP, Vista, and Seven, Linux (Ubuntu tested), Possibly Mac (need testers..)

Want to see a working demo?
Windows:

How does it work?
It’s a batch file that uses ADB and fastboot for pushing modules and kernels to your HOX. I’ve added an option to select different kernels and it will push the matching modules pack as well if neccessary.
The script pushes the modules to your phone, so you dont have to CWM flash them, and writes the kernel through fastboot for you! You only have to run the script!

How to use the file:

1. If you have dropbox, sync this folder, to your dropbox account. This way you’ll be up to date when i add more kernels and/or options.
   1.B If you don’t have Dropbox, register for a free dropbox here. It’s the easiest way to keep the files in sync for updates, plus you’ll get free 500mb of extra storage.
   1.C Or if you use Google Drive: click on this link
2. Make sure your phone is on, USB debugging is enabled, and you’re on ARHD 7.x
3. ONLY FOR WINDOWS USERS: Run RUN_ME_WINDOWS.bat, Follow the steps. If done right ADB will push the modules (if necessary) to your phone, reboot, and install the selected kernel.
   ONLY FOR LINUX/MAC USERS: Open the MAC folder and run linux_test.sh in terminal, Follow the steps. If done right ADB will push the modules (if necessary) to your phone, reboot, and install the selected kernel.
4. Done!

If you have any questions, just leave a comment in the thread and i’ll try to get to you as quick as possible!
Any tips, remarks or feedback is highly appreciated.:good:

Special thanks to:
Mike1986 for making his amazing Rom!
GuyAdams for repacking all the kernels and moduls, tips and feedback.

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building Linux kernel on Mac OS X

I am doing a project to modify the Linux kernel. I have a desktop Linux machine and I have no problem building kernel on it.

However, I am going on a trip and I want to work on my way. I only have a MacBook. When I tried to build the Linux kernel, it complained that elf.h was not found .

I download an elf.h from internet. Now it complains: NO ELF

I tried copying the entire /usr/include from my Linux desktop, and set it as the include directory, and still get strange errors like «u8» not declared

What is the standard way of doing kernel development on Mac? I have a virtual machine running Linux on the same Mac, and it will be used to test the modified kernel. However, I don’t really want to build kernel on it, as it is kinda slow.

6 Answers 6

First, I agree that it’s usually simpler to just use a Linux VM. That said, if you really want to do this, I have successfully compiled Linux kernel code using the procedure below.

Before you can even start, you may need to install the Linux source tree on a case-sensitive filesystem on your Mac. (the default HFS filesystem is case insensitive.) I won’t cover that here, but a lot of people do this to compile the Android source tree, so you can use Google to find instructions.

First you’ll need the following files to cross-compile a kernel on an OS X box (copy them from your known-working Linux VM to your local /usr/include ):

Next you’ll need malloc.h to be in the expected location for a Linux system, so do:

Finally, you’ll need to worry about whether or not the compiler installed on your system is suitable for building the Linux kernel. I have used this procedure for kernels compiled for Android, using an appropriate cross-compiler toolchain, but I’m not sure if you can successfully compile a Linux kernel with the default gcc compiler on OS X (assuming you have the one that comes with Xcode. )

EDIT: You may also want to follow the steps pointed out in the bug linked in the comment above from «nmagerko», to ensure you have the correct dependencies, and the GNU version of sed . In particular:

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[KERNEL TOOL] Multi Kernel installer — ARHD 7/9 — WINDOWS/LINUX/MAC — discontinued

Breadcrumb

Mcign

Senior Member

maseo

Senior Member

trying to download the rar-file,

Error Creating Link
There was an error creating your link. Please try again.

Of course, trying again brings no joy.

i’ll update the rar for you, it’ll be online in 5 minutes.:good:

Done. Uploaded the new rar-file with working link!

acid28

Senior Member

maseo

Senior Member

R12 is out? Okay, I’ll update the app ASAP when I’m back

Sent from my HTC One X using xda app-developers app

acid28

Senior Member

maseo

Senior Member

I’ll update the code as soon as I’m home. Faux 4b1 is out as well. I’m gonna check if I can add a custom option as well. For all other roms.
Like the basic flasher that’s provided with the kernels.

Maybe even see if I can keep the kernels and module online, so you only have to run the application with a working Internet connection.

Sent from my HTC One X using xda app-developers app

GuyAdams

Senior Member

I’ll update the code as soon as I’m home. Faux 4b1 is out as well. I’m gonna check if I can add a custom option as well. For all other roms.
Like the basic flasher that’s provided with the kernels.

Maybe even see if I can keep the kernels and module online, so you only have to run the application with a working Internet connection.

Sent from my HTC One X using xda app-developers app

Feel free to use my dropbox links if need be, then it can download the kernel as its required.

Sent from my HTC One X using Tapatalk 2

maseo

Senior Member

Feel free to use my dropbox links if need be, then it can download the kernel as its required.

Sent from my HTC One X using Tapatalk 2

maseo

Senior Member

Franco R12 added, plus Faux 4b1.

maseo

Senior Member

maseo

Senior Member

I’ve got a basic linux/ubuntu/mac code 80% working. Keep on a lookout!

chareos12

Senior Member

is it me, or. ?
I can’t see Franco R12 in your dropbox

maseo

Senior Member

is it me, or. ?
I can’t see Franco R12 in your dropbox

It’s not you, it’s me. I’ve updated the folder names, which resulted in a new dropbox link.
I’ve updated the start post, but you could click here as well for the dropbox folder.

Can’t update the rar file from work, have to do that tonight.

For the ones interested in the linux/mac script status so far:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/ztdwppdvlj2z22l/linux_test.sh

maseo

Senior Member

Learsy

Senior Member

I have AR 7.1.0 and when flashed Franco Kernel (and modules) R12, my hox are in a bootloop, i have to flash EternityProject_3.4v0.24

Why i have problems with Franco Kernel?

maseo

Senior Member

I have AR 7.1.0 and when flashed Franco Kernel (and modules) R12, my hox are in a bootloop, i have to flash EternityProject_3.4v0.24

Why i have problems with Franco Kernel?

i assume you use use my installer right? Does the installer push the modules correctly as well? A reason why you bootloop could be because of the modules (or kernel) not flashing, which results in two different packs. Looking forward to your input.

if you’re on windows, run RUN_ME_WINDOWS_DEBUG and tell me if everything goes right or where it flaws.

maseo

Senior Member

william1974

Senior Member

thanks for your hard work.

request : Insertcoin Evolution’s kernel if possible. thanks again

maseo

Senior Member

thanks for your hard work.

request : Insertcoin Evolution’s kernel if possible. thanks again

maseo

Senior Member

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I’m not updating the scripts anymore, only use it for private ease-of-use. Feel free to use the scripts, copy / modify, if you have any ideas or want to work with it. Thanks for the support, but there are more (better) tools available at the time now.

So you’re running Android Revolution HD and you want to try a differtent kernel ey?
But you don’t know how to flash a kernel, which modules you need or you’re just plain lazy (like me ) and want to have it done for you.
I present to you, my Multi kernel installer!

*Works on Windows XP, Vista, and Seven, Linux (Ubuntu tested), Possibly Mac (need testers..)

Want to see a working demo?
Windows:

How does it work?
It’s a batch file that uses ADB and fastboot for pushing modules and kernels to your HOX. I’ve added an option to select different kernels and it will push the matching modules pack as well if neccessary.
The script pushes the modules to your phone, so you dont have to CWM flash them, and writes the kernel through fastboot for you! You only have to run the script!

How to use the file:

1. If you have dropbox, sync this folder, to your dropbox account. This way you’ll be up to date when i add more kernels and/or options.
   1.B If you don’t have Dropbox, register for a free dropbox here. It’s the easiest way to keep the files in sync for updates, plus you’ll get free 500mb of extra storage.
   1.C Or if you use Google Drive: click on this link
2. Make sure your phone is on, USB debugging is enabled, and you’re on ARHD 7.x
3. ONLY FOR WINDOWS USERS: Run RUN_ME_WINDOWS.bat, Follow the steps. If done right ADB will push the modules (if necessary) to your phone, reboot, and install the selected kernel.
   ONLY FOR LINUX/MAC USERS: Open the MAC folder and run linux_test.sh in terminal, Follow the steps. If done right ADB will push the modules (if necessary) to your phone, reboot, and install the selected kernel.
4. Done!

If you have any questions, just leave a comment in the thread and i’ll try to get to you as quick as possible!
Any tips, remarks or feedback is highly appreciated.:good:

Special thanks to:
Mike1986 for making his amazing Rom!
GuyAdams for repacking all the kernels and moduls, tips and feedback.

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