Linux all running tasks

How to check running process in Linux using command line

I am a new system administrator for the Linux operating system. How do I check running process in Linux using the command line option?

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	Linux terminal
Est. reading time	4 mintues

One can use the Linux command line or terminal app to display a running process, change their priorities level, delete process and more. This page shows how to use various commands to list, kill and manage process on Linux.

Check running process in Linux

The procedure to monitor the running process in Linux using the command line is as follows:

1. Open the terminal window on Linux
2. For remote Linux server use the ssh command for log in purpose
3. Type the ps aux command to see all running process in Linux
4. Alternatively, you can issue the top command or htop command to view running process in Linux

Let us see some example and usage in details.

Please note that vivek@nixcraft:

$ is my shell prompt. You need to type commands after the $ prompt.

How to manage processes from the Linux terminal

The ps command is a traditional Linux command to lists running processes. The following command shows all processes running on your Linux based server or system:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ ps -aux
vivek@nixcraft:

1. root – User name
2. 1 – PID (Linux process ID)
3. 19:10 – Process start time
4. /sbin/init splash – Actual process or command

There may be too many processes. Hence, it uses the following less command/more command as pipe to display process one screen at a time:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ ps -aux | more
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo ps -aux | less
Press q to exit from above Linux pagers. You can search for a particular Linux process using grep command/egrep command:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ ps aux | grep firefox
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo ps aux | grep vim
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo ps -aux | egrep ‘sshd|openvpn|nginx’

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Linux pgrep command

Many variants of Linux comes with the pgrep command to search/find process. The syntax is:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo pgrep sshd
vivek@nixcraft:

$ pgrep vim
vivek@nixcraft:

$ pgrep firefox
vivek@nixcraft:

Linux top command

The top command is another highly recommended method to see your Linux servers resource usage. One can see a list of top process that using the most memory or CPU or disk.
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo top
vivek@nixcraft:

Linux htop command to check running process in Linux

The htop command is an interactive process viewer and recommended method for Linux users. One can see a list of top process that using the most memory or CPU or disk and more:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo htop
vivek@nixcraft:

Linux kill command

Want to kill a process? Try kill command. The syntax is:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ kill pid
vivek@nixcraft:

$ kill -signal pid
Find PID using ps, pgrep or top commands. Say you want to kill a PID # 16750, run:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ kill 16750
For some reason if the process can not be killed, try forceful killing:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ kill -9 16750
OR
vivek@nixcraft:

$ kill -KILL 16750

Linux pkill command

If you wish to kill a process by name, try pkill command. The syntax is:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ pkill processName
vivek@nixcraft:

$ pkill vim
vivek@nixcraft:

$ pkill firefox
vivek@nixcraft:

$ pkill -9 emacs
vivek@nixcraft:

$ sudo pkill -KILL php7-fpm

Linux killall command

The killall command kills processes by name, as opposed to the selection by PID as done by kill command:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ killall vim
vivek@nixcraft:

$ killall -9 emacs

Linux nice and renice command

The primary purpose of the nice command is to run a process/command at a lower or higher priority. Use the renice command to alter the nice value of one or more running Linux processes. The nice value can range from -20 to 19, with 19 being the lowest priority. Say, you want to compile software on a busy Linux server. You can set a very low priority, enter:
vivek@nixcraft:

$ nice -n 13 cc -c *.c &
Set a very high priority for a kernel update. Before rebooting Linux server, run:

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Find out what processes are running in the background on Linux

How to find out what processes are running in the background

1. You can use the ps command to list all background process in Linux. Other Linux commands to obtain what processes are running in the background on Linux.
2. top command – Display your Linux server’s resource usage and see the processes that are eating up most system resources such as memory, CPU, disk and more.
3. htop command – Just like a top command but with an improved user interface.

Let us see both traditional command and modern commands examples that one can use to manage running processes in Linux.

How can I run a Linux process in the background?

To run your process or command/shell script in the background, include an & (an ampersand) at the end of the command/shell script you use to run the job. For example:
command &
/path/to/script &
sleep 10000 &

List your background processes

To stop the foreground process press CTRL + z . One can refers to the background process or stopped process by number. For example, vim is stopped and has 1 as number, so run the bg command to restart a stopped background process:
bg %n
bg %1
One can bring a background process to the foreground such as sleep command using the fg command:
fg %n
fg %2
Finally, kill a running process named “sleep 10000” using the kill command:
kill %n
kill %2

Linux background processes list command

Open the terminal application and issue the following ps command command to show all running process on the system including those running in the background:
$ sudo ps -aux | less
OR
# ps aux | more

List all running processes on Linux using ps command

Understanding ps command outputs

The first column shows the user name who started the foreground or background processes on Linux system. For example, the daemon user started the atd process. The process name itself displayed in the last column. The STAT coloum gives us the state of a Linux process:

Process STATE code	Description
D	uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
I	Idle kernel thread
R	running or runnable (on run queue)
S	interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
T	stopped by job control signal
t	stopped by debugger during the tracing
W	paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
X	dead (should never be seen)
Z	defunct (“zombie”) process, terminated but not reaped by its parent

Typically process in “interruptible sleep” are running in the background and shows a “ S ” on processes STAT column. The interruptible sleep means the process can be terminated or killed with the help of kill command. On the other hand, processes in a “D” or uninterruptible sleep state are usually waiting on I/O. Therefore, you cannot kill “D” state processes as they are uninterruptible. Additional characters may be displayed as follows too:

Process STATE code	Description
	high-priority (not nice to other users)
N	low-priority (nice to other users)
L	has pages locked into memory (for real-time and custom IO)
s	is a session leader
l	is multi-threaded (using CLONE_THREAD, like NPTL pthreads do)
+	is in the foreground process group

Is my Linux process running in the foreground or background?

Based upon the above tables, one can determine if Linux process in background or foreground or running and so on.

Command/ Process	ps STATE code	Foreground or Background?
/sbin/init	Ss	Background process (interruptible sleep and a session leader)
/usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n	Ssl	Background process (interruptible sleep+a session leader and multi-threaded app)
/sbin/agetty —noclear	Ss+	Background process (interruptible sleep and a session leader and is in foreground group)
ps aux	R+	Running foreground process

Use the following command to list Linux processes along with pid, user name, stat as follows:
ps -eo pid,user,stat,comm
You can combine ps with grep command command as follows:
ps -eo pid,user,stat,comm | grep nginx

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Show All Running Processes in Linux using ps/htop commands

H ow do I see all running process in Linux operating systems using command line or GUI options? How can I show all running Processes in Linux operating system?

Introduction: A process is nothing but tasks within the Linux operating system. A process named httpd used to display web pages. Another process named mysqld provides database service. You need to use the ps command. It provides information about the currently running processes, including their process identification numbers (PIDs). Both Linux and UNIX support the ps command to display information about all running process. The ps command gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive update of this status, use top, atop, and htop command as described below.

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	Linux terminal with ps/top/htop utilities
Est. reading time	4 minutes

Linux commands show all running processes

Apart from ps command, you can also use the following commands to display info about processes on Linux operating systems:

1. top command : Display and update sorted information about Linux processes.
2. atop command : Advanced System & Process Monitor for Linux.
3. htop command : Interactive process viewer in Linux.
4. pgrep command : Look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes.
5. pstree command : Display a tree of processes.

How to list process with the ps command

Type the following ps command to display all running process:
# ps -aux | less
OR
# ps aux | less
Where,

• A : Select all processes
• u : Select all processes on a terminal, including those of other users
• x : Select processes without controlling ttys

See every process on the Linux system

Either pass -A or -e option to show all processes on your server/workstation powered by Linux:
# ps -A
# ps -e

How to see every process except those running as root

To negates the selection pass the -N or —deselect option to the ps command:
# ps -U root -u root -N
OR
# ps -U root -u root —deselect

See process run by user vivek

Select by process by effective user ID (EUID) or name by passing username such as vivek:
# ps -u vivek

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Linux running processes with top command

The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system. Type the top at command prompt:
# top
Sample outputs:

Fig.01: top command: Display Linux Tasks

How to display a tree of processes

The pstree command shows running processes as a tree. The tree is rooted at either pid or init if pid is omitted. If a user name is specified, all process trees rooted at processes owned by that user are shown.
$ pstree
Sample outputs:

Fig.02: pstree – Display a tree of processes

Print a process tree using ps

# ps -ejH
# ps axjf
Sample outputs:

Manage processes from the Linux terminal

Get info about threads

Type the following command:
# ps -eLf
# ps axms

Task: Get security info

Type the following command:
# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
# ps axZ
# ps -eM

How to save process snapshot to a file

Type the following command:
# top -b -n1 > /tmp/process.log
Or you can email result to yourself:
# top -b -n1 | mail -s ‘Process snapshot’ you@example.com

How to lookup process by name

Use pgrep command command. It looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which matches the selection criteria to screen. For example, display firefox process id:
$ pgrep firefox
Sample outputs:

Following command will list the process called sshd which is owned by a user called root:
$ pgrep -u root sshd

Say hello to htop and atop

htop is interactive process viewer just like top, but allows to scroll the list vertically and horizontally to see all processes and their full command lines. Tasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without entering their PIDs. To install htop on a Debian/Ubuntu Linux, type the following apt-get command/apt command:
# apt-get install htop
or use the yum command to install htop on a CentOS/RHEL:
# yum install htop
Now type the htop command at the shell prompt:
$ htop
Sample outputs:

Fig.03: htop in action (click to enlarge)

atop program

The program atop is an interactive monitor to view the load on a Linux system. It shows the occupation of the most critical hardware resources (from a performance point of view) on system level, i.e. cpu, memory, disk and network. It also shows which processes are responsible for the indicated load with respect to cpu- and memory load on process level; disk- and network load is only shown per process if a kernel patch has been installed. Type the following command to start atop:
# atop
Sample outputs:

Fig.04: Atop Command in Action (click to enlarge)

See also:

Conclusion

Linux processes carry out various tasks/jobs within the Linux distribution. Since Linux is a multiprocessing operating system, one can run multiple tasks in the background. Hence it is essential to know how to show all running processes in Linux.

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Comments on this entry are closed.

i hope you dont mind, i have borrowed your image showing PS for my assigment, i have have referenced this site and the date

been tinkering with linux for 2 years, still have to reference some basic commands. If I had a penny for how many times I’ve gone something along the lines of “urh, how do I merge folders with cp again” *google, spots cyberciti* , they’ll probably have some good examples..

No offense, but this is akin to posting instructions on how to walk.

You are a an elitest jerk. Interesting that for someone who believes he already knows everything, you are entirely ignorant of this fact. It is likely that no one was impressed by your comment except yourself.

Don’t worry, he wrote his original lame comment back in 08. He’s probably less ignorant now.

The guy is an idot

‘last updated at JULY 6, 2012’ or may be in 2008 it was! Btw – I have to still meet some one who was born walking.

You guys are great examples of why I no longer prefer to live in the Linux / Eunuchs world. Wow.

You will find this relevant.

Nice try ******. People brand new to Linux are actually learning how to walk again, and this is important information.

@saurabh – I’m glad you think this is like posting instructions on how to walk. I’m also glad that you are such a naturally gifted user that you knew this without ever having to look up how to do this. Some of us have just started using Linux and guess what it is small little tid bits like this that help.

Thanks a lot for the info. It proved really useful. Sometimes it helps when somebody tells you how to walk…

It’s fantastic to know that a great community is behind it.

can someone tell me how to create a script that list all processes that are taking more than 10% of cpu time?

btw i am a noob lol

@saurabh no offense, are you an Indian? If so, that explains and if not, set up your own site and don’t post anything on it loser.

what the hell do u know about indian? shut the hell up and do some linux home work kiddo..

@akinhowtowalk: i’m so glad you’ve demonstrated so much more maturity than saurabh through your sweeping generalization.

The guy who wrote the article is also indian. His name is Vivek

Lol @ akinhowtowalk. Well said!

Hahah indians are the most dumb nation and yes smelly tooo 🙂

shut up man…mind ur tounge..wt u knw abt indians.

How dare you say a thing about our beautiful country, u BMF?

amazing how something like a simple request for a bit of help on a topic can lead to racist banter….

keep it simple, keep it clean, don’t be judgmental of Indians or any other race, and STAY ON the TOPIC of the THREAD!!

// and yes, everyone needs to learn how to walk, and how to do the basics, before they can move to more advanced things…..

@pyrolighting VERY WELL SAID

Well said, thank you.

i want to know how can i run command that show me which script is currently running and by which user

Hi Everybody, I got an cleared information in this site. But I want to know that what are the process currently active in my shell. If any body know, please email me @ allimut@gmail.com

Yo thanks heaps for this info! It’s just what I needed! *favourited*

akinhowtowalk good answer for the loser 😀

I’ve been walking the Linux path for a long time and it’s nice to see this type of command posted.

To see what is running and consuming resources you could use (exactly as it is shown):
ps -e -o pcpu,cpu,nice,state,cputime,args –sort pcpu | sed “/^ 0.0 /d”

which is nice to enter into the .bashrc in your home directory as an alias. Like this (on the last line after every other entry):
alias hog=’ps -e -o pcpu,cpu,nice,state,cputime,args –sort pcpu | sed “/^ 0.0 /d”‘

so the next time I log in I can just type hog at the command line and see all process running and consuming resources, sorted.

In the path of Linux, if you want to start running without knowing how to walk, what will happen? Begginers know that they can get to the top, but step by step. Otherwise, they’ll fall. And let’s stop the metaphores xD

Any one help to find command history with date & time.

$ HISTTIMEFORMAT=”%d/%m/%y %T ”
OR
$ echo ‘export HISTTIMEFORMAT=”%d/%m/%y %T “‘ >>

/.bash_profile
Where,
%d – Day
%m – Month
%y – Year
%T – Time
To see history type
$ history

Thank you. found it very useful 🙂
Lol@akinhowtowalk well said 🙂
Regards,
ILoveTakingHelp 😛

Thanks for posting this ! You’ve helped me a lot !

thanks for that. i needed this to set something running and set-up on a linux server. but i needed to kill it first so :)thanks.

i find this site really usefull and find the stuff what i was looking for…
and saurabh’s comment was not justified…
but what was ur comment on being an indian… i really didnt understood that…and y..
that explains wat.

Thanks for the htop info, really useful tool.

thx.
it’s nice
thx a lot for this tool

Hey, can someone please give me instructions on how to walk?

1. Stand up with feet together.
2. Put one foot forward of the other foot.
3. Put other foot in front of the one you just moved.
Repeat #s 2 and 3 until you have reached your destination.

I tried, but got some error messages.

Warning: proceeding can cause stability issues in the system
Warning: bad pathway
Process KNEE broken, terminating.

Since I learnt how to use ps I forgot how to walk. Anyone know the neccessary commands?

Cool instruction, i dont know there were commands that named “TOP”

and…… i forget how to walk =( *(googling how to walk)

saurabh, were you born walking? Didn’t think so.

saurabh takes baby steps as he is always half drunk

that is all you may go on with your sad life.

saurabh:
how do you expect newbies to learn if people don’t post stuff like this?

This command is usefull when you whant to know what process is responsible for each open port.

I’m amazed that more then one and a half year after a person has posted a single message,
Chongopants 09.24.09 at 7:17 pm
saurabh, stfu..
that is all you may go on with your sad life.
something like this is still said

very helpful page!! Thx a lot to whoever wrote it

thankz very much master ..

its a good post .. and very usefull for me 🙂

htop 😀 i was find for more times

Don’t generalize, not all Indians are like saurabh. Grow up. Boasting exists irrespective of race.

@akinhowtowalk – I am really offended by your remarks on a specific nation. I dont expects mature guys to make such kind of remark. really very disappointing (i can also go dirty in reaction but i dont prefer to). Make sure you comment on individual and not on any group/society/nation.

@Saurabh – If you are an expert then i will appreciate you posting advance topics on linux and punlish the URL on this forum. If you cant do that much for community then you dont have any rights to comments on someones contribution.

nice reply.
well put,
and well explained to both of our friends concerned.

And btw, This was an Awesome post! 🙂

i probably think saurab never came back to this page after he commented on it. You guys were so foolish enough to comment back . lol
I was just looking for something that can give me the green signal so that i can quit all running processes before i shut my computer…. And i ended up here. Looks i i still cant get what i should type to see only those processes that are running currently. Some thing like the task manager in windows . Any help with that ?

Please go ahead and reboot

Hi
I wanted to display only PID and Process name in MAC OS. “ps” doesn’t display process name rather command only. Can Anyone help.
Thanx & regards in advance
Noufal

I am a complete newbie to linux and I *am* learning to walk with it,, so thanks for the article 🙂

akinhowtowalk probably said that regarding Indians coz he knows that Indians are smarter .. atleast they make our Business run smoothly ..cheers 🙂

Thanks. In an introduction to UNIX class, this helped out and quicker than looking it up in my textbook.

Very userful.. Thanks a lot….

Nice….. got geat help…. Thanks…

Great Site.
Well written articles.
And Just to keep it going…
Why walk when you can run with Linux!!

I am using Fedora 14 in my laptop. I installed an .rpm file , but i don’t know how to run that software. please help me. I am new for Linux.

Well I think the first best question that needs to be asked is what software have you installed?

I installed an CFD software named as ‘ZNTutor-CFD-2.1.0-0.i386.rpm’. the installation is successful.

As this is a commercial program I wont be installing it to have a look. I would suggest asking the question in a forum more related / dedicated to this product. Also have a look to find where the package was installed and read the manual that was supplied.
If this manual doesn’t even cover the simple processes I would be a little worried about it considering the subject matter involved.

Ok I will try to get that..

Thanks very useful

Very useful keep going on!

Very laconic and very good article
Thanks

Thanks a lot Vivek for taking the time to post the help for these commands in a detailed manner!

Thanks for the help, I found the problem right off!

Very useful, thanks!

i’m running one process in linux server with the common user that is using by 20 people from different windows machine, i want to know who executed the command at what time in the linux server? is there any file/log location that having all the commands that executed in the server.

Thanks in adv,
Kebiraj

very useful commands, thanks to OP.

Thanks to everyone else for the amusing read lol

Thanks a lot for this articles. I searched for one solution and found several in one page. God bless u Vivek for making some of us who are new and started to “walk” with Linux, and for those unjustified comments..well just ignored them.

Thanks, Well explained.

Great article. Thank you very much. And one thing to remember for all linuxholics, “Linux is for human being’s goodness” , sharing is the fuel that runs the community. Share everything even if you think it is less important, because there are many people who are looking for a point to startup. Knowing Linux means nothing if you don’t know the great philosophy behind it.
thanks,

Many thanks for posting those instructions.

Great work, very clear instruction. I’ve been using Linux for 2 years and still believe there’s a lot for me to learn or I should say to know. Pages like this makes a huge difference for learners who try and never give up. I really appreciate the time and efforts of the author, keep it up my friend. As for the guy with “walk” comment I’d like to say you don’t have to read what you don’t like, at least give this guy the credit for the time and effort for putting this together for the world and, go ahead and show the world what you’re ca[able of.

@saurobh: Successful troll is successful. lol

Really helpful post, thanks 🙂

Can any one tell me how can i list all the processes launched from a directory and sort them to find the process which is consuming more memory than others.
We are using AIX.
Please help me.

thanks so much dude. it really helps me, i’m new in linux

good post. quite useful.

hello,i wonder,how to know the details of user who run specific processes?

bkmraaster on November 6, 2011 Oh well why not give it a shot, there’s nothing to lose, so I guess there’s everything to win! And cmon who doesn’t like sony products!

Thanks for your article, help me a lot!

This site’s one of the best resources for nix noobs … much prec

i have run vacum but still the problem not yet solved

[root@onms-dr mysql]# /etc/init.d/opennms start
Starting OpenNMS: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: FATAL: database is not accepting commands to avoid wraparound data loss in database “postgres”
OpenNMS runs better if you start up the database first.
[FAILED]

you can also view all the running process by running the below command

Nice site… for noobs 🙂

I’ve just boomarked the website, it’s useful for my jobs.

how can I print the virtual pages allocated to the currently running processes on my system and also the page faults associated with them?

Yip years later this is still a useful page. Didn’t know about htop, quite like it.

I thought I saw a comment asking how to show processes for a user.
top -u root
or
htop -u root

great stuff and that htop thing was really useful

Nice tut, i love htop, it’s very good 🙂

Thanks for the contribution!

P.S. Don’t feed the trolls.

hello everyone will u pls tell me use of sort -o cmd

Thank you much. The information might be dated, but still very relevant. Good Stuff.

Great article thanks to author for this nice help.
To all those above blaming Indian in any mean, just google our statistics over technology, you will see that you people are learning from Indian.So dont angry me again

Lots of racism in America (and elsewhere), sadly. Chump still getting almost half the poll; his ratings have dipped a little after a series of spectacular gaffes and public GOP infighting, but that probably mostly just reflects the natural reticence of some voters to tell opinion pollsters to their face that they’re a racist, and not an actual opinion shift. (In the UK such opinion polling reticence at the clipboard-face produced the “shy Tory” and “shy Brexiteer” phenomena in 1992 and 2016, which badly overestimated Labour and Remain support respectively, and predicted the opposite results to actual). Rednecks seem to prevail in America, and in my estimation a Chump presidency remains a very real risk.

The Indian space programme is well-resourced and impressively ambitious. By way of contrast, the British space programme is run on a shoestring from a garden shed in Leicester. Its crowning achievement was the BEAGLE2, which was made from old Sqezy washing-up liquid bottles and sticky-backed plastic. BEAGLE2’s signal lasted for about 20 seconds before fading away with a whimper, leading Prof. Colin Pillinger to lament: “If only Britain had applied to India for overseas aid, we could have afforded a second reel of sticky-backed plastic to hold the undercarriage together and BEAGLE2 would still be transmitting”.

To show all active services, both upstart and chkconfig, try:

( chkconfig –list | grep :on | sed ‘s/ .*//’ ; initctl list | grep process | sed ‘s/ .*//’ ) | sort

How to check that specific process is working fine or not for eg. HeartBeat manager, IKEN process, FSM, LSTP etc etc.

Regards
Chaitanya Mahamana
9871351236

which command shows who is currently on the system and their processes?

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