Linux cat last lines

Display the last lines of a file in Unix

Use the Unix command tail to read from standard input or a file and send the result to standard output (that is, your terminal screen). The format for using the tail command is:

Everything in brackets is an optional argument. If you don’t specify a filename, tail uses standard input.

Tail begins at distance +number from the beginning or -number from the end of the input. The number is counted in units of lines, blocks, or characters, according to the appended options -l , -b , or -c . When you don’t specify a unit, tail operates based on lines.

Specifying -r causes tail to print lines from the end of the file in reverse order. The default for -r is to print the entire file this way. Specifying -f causes tail not to quit at the end of the file, but rather to reread the file repeatedly (useful for watching a «growing» file such as a log file).

For example, given a file containing the English alphabet with each letter on a separate line, the command:

You can use tail with pipes. For example, to see the sizes of the last few files in the current directory, you could enter at the Unix prompt:

To save this information in a file in the current directory named mylist , at the Unix prompt, enter:

For more detailed information on tail , consult the Unix manual page by entering at the prompt:

At Indiana University, for personal or departmental Linux or Unix systems support, see Get help for Linux or Unix at IU.

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Linux/Unix: Cat Command Display Line Numbers

H ow do I use the cat command to display the line numbers for a file called myapp.c under Linux or Unix like operating systems?

You can use the cat command concatenate files and show on the screen under Linux or Unix like operating systems.

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	No
Requirements	cat command on Linux or Unix
Est. reading time	2 mintues

The cat command also number all output lines starting with number one with the following syntax:

Syntax For Cat Command To Display Line Numbers

The syntax is as follows:
cat -n fileNameHere
cat —number foo.c
We can use the more command/less command as filter when text can not be fitted on the screen:
cat —number foo.c | more
cat —number foo.c | less

Displaying line number using cat command

The -b / —number-nonblank option number all nonempty output lines, starting with one and the syntax is:
cat -b fileNameHere
OR
cat —number—nonblank filename

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Removing empty output while showing line numbers

Finally, you suppress or remove repeated empty output lines with the -s / —squeeze-blank option:
cat -s -n fileNameHere
cat -s -n /etc/resolv.conf
Sample outputs:

OR (GNU only syntax)
cat —squeeze-blank -n filename

Say hello to nl command

Use the nl command number lines of files under Linux or Unix oses. The syntax is:

Examples

Create a text file called hello.c as follows:

Use the cat or nl command to display line numbers:

Fig.01: Displaying line numbers for hello.c using the cat and nl command.

A note about sed

To just print 3rd line use the sed command:
sed -n 3p /etc/resolv.conf
To just print 3rd and 5th line use the sed command:
sed -n -e 3p -e 5p /etc/resolv.conf
To see specific range, say show lines between 3 to 5, run:
sed -n 3,5p /etc/resolv.conf

Summing up

You learned various commands that can display line numbers on Linux or Unix-like systems. See the following man page:
man cat
man nl
man sed

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Comments on this entry are closed.

Hi Thanks for sharing … Its of great help …
And I m a great fan of your … because I found 90% of what i think on cyberciti.

Just a little correction here in this post ..
“cat –number–nonblank filename ”
is giving error
cat: unrecognized option ‘–number–nonblank’
Try ‘cat –help’ for more information.

Just make it
“cat –number-nonblank filename”
a single hyphen – after number

But we had a trouble. “cat” command does not stop display when the text is full screen.
So, we have any other option to resolve this in-convenience.

The standard output could instead be redirected using a pipe (represented by a vertical bar) to a filter (i.e., a program that transforms data in some meaningful way) for further processing. For example, if the file is too large for all of the text to fit on the monitor screen simultaneously, as is frequently the case, the text will scroll down the screen at high speed and be very difficult to read. This problem is easily solved by piping the output to the filter less, i.e.,

cat file1 | less

This allows the user to advance the contents of the file one screenful at a time by pressing the space bar and to move backwards by pressing the b key. The user can exit from less by pressing the q key.

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Cat Last 100 Lines

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What does » cat » only the last line mean?

«cat» only the last line. how? Remember Me? Programming This forum is for all programming questions. The question does not have to be directly related to Linux and any language is fair game. Welcome to LinuxQuestions.org, a friendly and active Linux Community. You are currently viewing LQ as a guest.

How to read first and last line from Cat output?

Task — get first and last line from file after $ cat file | grep -E «1|2|3|4» | commandtoprint $ cat file 1 2 3 4 5 Need this without cat output (only 1 and 5).

$ cat file | tee >(head -n 1) >(wc -l) 1 2 3 4 5 5 1 Maybe awk and more shorter solution exist. bashshellsedawkgrep Share Improve this question Follow

Can a cat display only a certain number of lines?

As to this question: No. Cat cannot display only certain lines. As mentioned above, you will have to use awk, sed, head, tail or some combination to achieve that end. Visit szboardstretcher’s homepage!

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Linux Cat Last X Lines

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Reading just the first or last lines of a file

To look at the last few lines of a file, use the tail command. tail works the same way as head: type tail and the filename to see the last 10 lines of that file, or type tail -number filename to see the last number lines of the file. Try using tail to look at the last five lines of your .profile or .login: Type tail -5 $HOME/.profile and press .

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2/1/2016 · To also show you the lines before your matches, you can add -B to your grep. $ grep -B 4 ‘keyword’ /path/to/file.log. The -B 4 tells grep to also show the 4 lines before the match. Alternatively, to show the log lines that match after the keyword, use the -A parameter. $ grep -A 2 ‘keyword’ /path/to/file.log. In this example, it will tell grep .

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How to Use the tail Command on Linux

28/1/2020 · Here, we’re using the head command to extract the first 200 lines from a file. This is being piped into tail, which is extracting the last ten lines. This gives us lines 191 through to line 200. That is, the last ten lines of the first 200 lines: head -n 200 list-1.txt | tail -10. This command lists the five most memory-hungry processes.

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