Linux column to line

команда column в Linux с примерами

Команда column в Linux используется для отображения содержимого файла в столбцах. Ввод может быть взят из стандартного ввода или из файла. Эта команда в основном разбивает ввод на несколько столбцов. Ряды заполняются перед столбцами. Пустые строки из ввода игнорируются, если не используется опция -e .

Синтаксис:

Пример:

Предположим, у вас есть текстовый файл со следующим содержимым:

Чтобы отобразить информацию о текстовом файле в виде столбцов, введите команду:

Предположим, вы хотите отсортировать в разные столбцы записи, разделенные определенными разделителями. Например, этот образец текстового файла:

Чтобы отделить столбец на основе разделителя «|», вы должны дать следующую команду, которая, в свою очередь, выдаст заданный результат:

Если вы задаете несколько разделителей (одного типа), команда обрабатывает их как один. Например:

При применении команды выдает результат:

Параметры:

• -J : эта опция указывает систему для отображения вывода в формате JSON.
• -c : определяет ширину вывода на основе общего количества символов, разрешенных в одной строке.
• -d : Используется для определения того, что заголовок НЕ должен быть напечатан.
• -N : определяет имена столбцов, и каждое имя отделяется запятой («,«).
• -H : используется, чтобы скрыть указанные столбцы от отображения.
• -V : отображение информации о версии и выходы.
• -h : показывает справочную информацию и выходы.
• -s : определяет разделитель столбца для вывода.
• -t : применяется для создания таблицы путем определения количества столбцов.
• -R : Используется для выравнивания текста справа в определенном столбце.
• -T : позволяет системе обрезать текст везде, где это необходимо, чтобы можно было регулировать ширину столбца, чтобы столбец не становился слишком широким.
• -O : позволяет пользователю определить порядок отображения столбцов.
• -L : вставляет пустые строки после каждой строки.

Источник

Different Ways to Use Column Command in Linux

Have you ever been in a situation to work with CSV files and produce output in structured tabular format? Recently I was working with data cleansing on a file that is not in a proper structure. It has so many whitespaces between each column and I have to convert it to CSV format to push to the database. After cleaning and creating the output in CSV format, my output is not visually appealing to verify data integrity in the CSV file. This is the time the “Column” command comes in handy to me.

According to manpage, the column command “columnate lists”. In simple words, the column is a simple utility that can format your output into a column format (rows and fields) based on the structure of your source file. The column command is part of the util-linux package.

An important point to note here is column command behaves differently in Debian-based and Rhel-based distros. The reason is Debian-based distro uses “column” from bsdmainutils instead of util-linux. The upstream version of the column command is newer than the bsdmainutils package. Take a look at the bug report to know more about this.

Which Column

For demonstration purposes, I am using CentOS 7 and will show different options between Ubuntu and CentOS 7. To check the column version run the following command. This command will also show the util-linux package version.

You can also check the version of util-linux by running the below commands.

Before using the column command a good place to start will be the man page and explore its options.

List File Content in Tabular Format

The column command can create a table by passing the filename as an argument along with the -t flag. I am using /etc/passwd as the input file.

List File Contents in Table Format

Looking at the above image, you may think this is not what we expected and the output may look weird. Yes! You are right. Columns consider space as the default delimiter when creating a table. This behavior can be overridden by passing a custom delimiter.

Custom Delimeter

Custom delimiters give you a wide range of options to work with. To create a custom delimiter use -s flag followed by a delimiter. Now we will use “:” as a delimiter to split /etc/passwd file.

Delimiter

Look at the above image where the table is nicely formatted and structured. From util-linux version 2.23 option -s has been changed to not be greedy.

Now run the same command in Ubuntu and the result will be greedy. This is because column command (bsdmainutils) on Ubuntu will treat multiple adjacent words as a single word.

Greedy Output

To overcome this behavior use -n flag.

Non-Greedy Output

Ignore White Empty Lines in File Output

When you have blank lines in your input file, the column command by default ignores it. See my input file which is in CSV format and I added a blank line between every line. Now let’s create a table as we did before with this input file.

Ignore Empty While Lines

From the above image you can see my input file dummy.txt has empty lines and when I try to create a table, empty lines are ignored.

Note: This is the default behavior for both the “bsdmainutils/util-linux” variant of the column command. But column (bsdmainutils) has the option to override this behavior by passing -e flag.

File White Lines

From the above image, you can see the table is formatted properly and the empty lines are not ignored.

File Output Separator

By default, two white spaces will be used as output separators. This behavior can be overridden by passing -o flag. You will not have an output separator option available in the column (bsdmainutils).

File Output Separator

Convert File Rows into Columns

Using the -x the flag you can convert rows into columns. This behavior is the same in both the rhel and ubuntu variants of the column command. This is a very useful feature when you have to grab a certain field through the awk or column command then convert it to the header for your CSV file.

Convert File Rows to Columns

When you run the column command without using any flags the behavior will be the same as passing -x flag.

Find Column Size

The column uses an environmental variable ($COLUMNS) to find out the size of your terminal and based on the size use the echo command, table size will be displayed in the terminal.

Take a look at the image below. Initially, I resized my terminal to have $COLUMNS the size set to 60 and ran the column command. Again I resized my terminal to have $COLUMNS the size set to 114 and ran the column command again. You can see the difference in how the column prints the table when we resize the terminal.

Resize Column Sizes

That’s it for this article. If you have any feedback please provide it in the comment section.

If You Appreciate What We Do Here On TecMint, You Should Consider:

TecMint is the fastest growing and most trusted community site for any kind of Linux Articles, Guides and Books on the web. Millions of people visit TecMint! to search or browse the thousands of published articles available FREELY to all.

If you like what you are reading, please consider buying us a coffee ( or 2 ) as a token of appreciation.

We are thankful for your never ending support.

Источник

Match by column and print to line

Tried searching but could not find anything substancial

I have 2 files:
1:

I would like to match by the second clolumn in both, by whatever data is on the line, then take this and print to lines like so:

I imagine awk would be best, Match two files by column line by line — no key it seems kind of similiar to this!
Thank you for any help!!

3 Answers 3

Use join command like:

Here’s how it would work:

-t is for delimeter
-1 — from first file second field delimeted by «:»
-2 — from second file second field delimeted by «:»
join needs input file to be sorted on field which we want to join by hence you see sort command with second field specified with -k option and t option again using delimeter as colon (:) and passed input to join command after sorting the input by second field.

I think this is most simple with join and sort . Assuming bash (for the process substitution):

Alternatively, with awk (if bash cannot be relied upon and temporary files are not wanted):

This might work for you (GNU sed):

This constructs a sed script from the file2 to run against file1.

Not the answer you’re looking for? Browse other questions tagged linux awk sed or ask your own question.

Linked

Related

Hot Network Questions

Subscribe to RSS

To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader.

site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. rev 2021.10.8.40416

By clicking “Accept all cookies”, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy.

Источник

column command in Linux with examples

column command in Linux is used to display the contents of a file in columns. The input may be taken from the standard input or from the file. This command basically breaks the input into multiple columns. Rows are filled before columns. Empty lines from the input are ignored unless the -e option is used.

Syntax:

Example:

• Suppose you have a text file with the following contents:

• To display the information of the text file in form of columns, you enter the command:

• Suppose, you want to sort into different columns the entries that are separated by particular delimiters. For example, this sample text file:

Sample text file

• To separate the column based on the delimiter “|”, you would give the following command, which in turn produces the given output:

output based on delimiter specified

• In case you give multiple delimiters(same type), the command treats them as a single one. For example:

sample text file

• Upon application of command yields the output:

Output(with multiple delimiters of same type)

Options:

• -J : This option specifies the system to display the output in JSON format.
• -c : Defines the width of the output based upon the total number of characters allowed in one row.
• -d : Used to define that the header is NOT to be printed.
• -N : It defines the column names, and each name is separated by a comma(“, “).
• -H : It is used to hide the specified columns from being displayed.
• -V : Displays version information and exits.
• -h : Shows help information and exits.
• -s : Defines the column delimiter for output.
• -t : Applied for creating a table by determining the number of columns.
• -R : Used to right-align text in a specific column.
• -T : Allows the system to truncate text wherever necessary so that the column width can be adjusted to ensure that the column doesn’t become too wide.
• -O : Allows the user to define the order in which columns have to be displayed.
• -L : Inserts empty lines after each row.

Источник