Linux get dns name

How to Find My DNS Server IP Address in Linux

DNS (Domain Name System) is a fundamental facilitator of several networking technologies such as mail servers, Internet browsing, and streaming services e.g. Netflix and Spotify, among others.

It works on a special computer called a DNS server – which keeps a database record of several public IP addresses along with their corresponding hostnames in order for it to resolve or translate hostnames to IP addresses upon user request.

This happens so that we would not need to bother ourselves with remembering the IP addresses of the different websites we visit.

While there are several things we can discuss on DNS servers such as redirection and malware attack prevention, our focus today is on how to find out your very own dns server IP address.

There are several ways to check for it depending on the Operating System that you’re running but Linux, BSD, and Unix-like systems all share the same method so let’s begin with them.

How to Find My DNS Server IP Address

1. To find out your DNS Server IP address, use the following cat command or less command.

2. Another way is to use the following grep command.

Here, nameserver 109.78.164.20 is a name server IP address in what is called the dot notation – the format that applications on your workstation use for DNS routing.

How to Find My Website DNS Server IP Address

3. To find out a website DNS Server IP address, you can use the following dig command.

Sample Output

Easy right? Perhaps we’ll talk about primary and secondary DNS Server addresses next time. Till then, feel free to share and drop your comments/suggestions in the discussion section below.

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Linux Find Out My Machine Name/Hostname

The procedure to find the computer name on Linux:

1. Open a command-line terminal app (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type:
2. hostname
   OR
   hostnamectl
   OR
   cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
3. Press [Enter] key

Linux find hostname using hostnamectl

Type the following command if you are using systemd based Linux distro:
$ hostnamectl

It is possible to filter output using the grep command:
$ hostnamectl | grep ‘hostname’
OR simply use the cat command as follows too:
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

Linux find computer name using hostname command

At the terminal type hostname command:
$ hostname
Sample outputs
vivek-laptop.nixcraft.in
Where,

• vivek-laptop : You computer name.
• nixcraft.in : Your dNS domain name.
• vivek-laptop.nixcraft.in : Your computer name with Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

To see the domain part of the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name), enter:
$ dnsdomainname
Sample outputs:

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How Do I Change My Hostname?

The hostname commands set the host name using the following syntax. Please note that only the super-user / root can change the names. To switch to the root user by typing su – and entering the root password, when prompted.
# hostname newhostname.nixcraft.in
# hostname laptop.nixcraft.net.in
# hostnamectl set-hostname laptop.nixcraft.in
You need to edit /etc/hostname or /etc/sysconfig/network file to set hostname permanently. See our previous FAQ about changing hostname using configuration files.

Conclusion

The hostnamectl command may be used to query and change the system hostname and related settings on modern Linux distros such as Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS/RHEL, Fedora, Arch Linux and more.

Getting help

I strongly suggest that your read the man pages by typing the man command:
$ man hostname
$ man hostnamectl
$ hostnamectl —help

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Как посмотреть DNS в Linux

Служба DNS или Domain Name System позволяет превращать легко читаемый адрес сайта в ip адрес сервера на котором расположен этот сайт. Для этого используются DNS серверы, которые содержат таблицы соответствия ip адресов их доменным именам. По умолчанию система получает адрес DNS сервера автоматически по DHCP при подключении к сети.

В этой статье мы разберемся как посмотреть какие DNS серверы используются в Linux.

Как посмотреть DNS в Linux

Если вы уже имели опыт настройки сети в Linux, то знаете, что DNS серверы, используемые для резолвинга доменных имен указаны в файле /etc/resolv.conf:

sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf

Но в современных дистрибутивах Linux с системой инициализации systemd обычно запущен локальный DNS сервер, адрес которого и прописан в этом файле, а какие сервера используются на самом деле непонятно. В таком случае можно воспользоваться утилитой systemd-resolve:

В самом низу вывода утилиты можно посмотреть DNS в Linux, которые сейчас используются. Информация выводится по каждому сетевому интерфейсу отдельно.

Также для решения подобной задачи можно использовать утилиту nmcli:

nmcli dev show | grep DNS

Как видите, все очень просто. А чтобы изменить DNS сервер тоже трогать /etc/resolv.conf не желательно, так как он будет автоматически обновляться после перезагрузки. Если вы используете NetworkManager, то можно настроить DNS для сетевого подключения в интерфейсе программы. Или же можно отредактировать файл /etc/systemd/resolved.conf и добавить нужные адреса в секцию Resolve:

sudo vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

[Resolve]
DNS=8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

Как видите, все очень просто. Надеюсь, эта информация была вам полезной.

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How to Find DNS (Domain Name Server) Records On Linux Using the Host Command

Host Command is a simple CLI application to perform DNS lookup.

It is commonly used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.

When no arguments or options are given, host prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.

You can view all types of records in the domain by adding a specific option or type of record in the host command.

There are many websites on the web to check DNS records for a domain.

But this information can be obtained from the Linux terminal because anything is possible on Linux.

Alternatively you can view DNS records using the dig command or the nslookup command.

The common syntax for host as follows:

1) How to Lookup a Domain “A” Record (IP Address) on Linux Using the host Command

Use the host command followed by the domain name to find the given domain “A” record (IP address).

2) How to Lookup a Domain “MX” Record on Linux Using the host Command

Add the query type with the host command to find specific type of record for the domain. Add -t mx to query the MX record of the domain.

3) How to Lookup a Domain “NS” Record on Linux Using the host Command

Add the -t ns query type with the host command to query the domain’s NS records.

4) How to Lookup a Domain “TXT (SPF)” Record on Linux Using the host Command

Add the -t txt query type with the host command to query the domain’s SPF (TXT) record.

5) How to Lookup a Domain “CNAME” Record on Linux Using the host Command

Add the -t cname query type with the host command to query the domain’s cname record.

6) How to Lookup a Domain “SOA” Record on Linux Using the host Command

Add the -t soa query type with the host command to query the domain’s SOA record.

7) How to Lookup a Domain Reverse “DNS” (PTR) Record on Linux Using the host Command

Enter the domain’s IP address with the host command to find the domain’s reverse DNS (PTR) record.

8) How to Find All Possible Records for a Domain on Linux Using the host Command

Add the -a option in the host command to find all possible records for a domain.

9) How To Find the “A” Record for Multiple Domains Using a Shell Script

If you want to find «A» records for multiple domains at once, use the following shell script.

Set an executable permission to host-a-record.sh file.

Finally run the script to achieve this.

10) How To Find the «NS» Record of a Multiple Domain Using a Shell Script

If you want to find «NS» records for multiple domains simultaneously, use the following bash script.

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3 Ways to check DNS records from Linux terminal

There are many third party websites that can verify a domain’s DNS records.

It can also be done from Linux terminal. Why not try yourself, instead of using 3rd party sites?

NIX users spend more time on terminal and looking for a viable option from the terminal for any purpose.

This will be useful not only for me, but also for others looking for a way to do their daily activities at the terminal.

Domain DNS information can be verified from the Linux terminal using the following three commands.

• host Command
• dig Command
• nslookup Command

Use one of the below command to verify domain owner information from the Linux terminal.

What’s Domain Name System (DNS)?

DNS stands for Domain Name System or Domain Name Servers which translates Internet domain and host names to IP addresses and vice versa.

DNS is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.

It’s basically a set of mapping files that tell the DNS server which IP address each domain or host is associated with, and how to handle requests sent to each domain.

It stores various information about a domain & host such as A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, PTR, NS, SOA, SRV, TXT, and NAPTR.

A Record : A record stands for Address record. The ‘A’ record specifies the IP address (IPv4) of a host. Whenever DNS server get a query to resolve domain-name, it will refer the A record to answer the IP address.

AAA Record : The ‘AAA’ record specifies the IP address (IPv6) of a host.

NS Record : NS Record stands for Name Server record. NS Records maps a domain name to a list of authoritative DNS servers.

MX Record : MX Record stands for mail exchange record. MX Records maps a domain name to a list of mail exchange servers.

PTR Record : PTR record stands for Reverse lookup record or Pointer record. A PTR record maps the IP address to a specific host.

CNAME Record : CNAME Record stands for Canonical Name. CNAME record is used to create aliases that point to other names such as WWW, FTP, MAIL & subdomains to a domain name. Example : a CNAME record can associate the subdomain www.2daygeek.com with 2daygeek.com

SOA Record : SOA record stands for Start of Authority records. SOA records contain information about a DNS zone such as Primary nameserver, Hostmaster E-mail address, zone file seriel number, zone transfer interval and zone expiry details.

TXT Record : TXT Record stands for text record. A TXT record is a type of DNS record that provides text information to sources outside your domain. The text can be either human-or machine-readable and can be used for a variety of purposes.

SPF Record : SPF Record stands for Sender Policy Framework. SPF is an extension to the SMTP mail protocol which is used for e-mail authentication.

SPF record is used to verify whether the message came from an authorized mail server or not. SPF is designed to detect SPAM & PHISHING mail sender’s IP address which was included in the e-mail headers.

DKIM Record : DKIM record stands for Domain Keys Identified Mail. DKIM is an email validation system designed to detect email spoofing by providing encryption authentication to receiving mail exchangers.

It will check whether the incoming mail domain is authorized by the domain’s administrators and that the email (including attachments) has not been modified during transport.

A digital signature included with the message can be validated by the recipient using the signer’s public key published in the DNS.

1) How to verify a domain’s DNS records using the dig command

dig command stands for “domain information groper”. It is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookup and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried.

Most DNS administrators use dig to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality than dig.

2) Checking DNS records of a domain using nslookup command

nslookup command is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Nslookup has two modes interactive and non-interactive.

Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain.

Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information for a host or domain. It’s a network administration tool which will help them to check and troubleshoot DNS related issues.

3) How to check DNS records of a domain using host command

host command is a simple utility for performing DNS lookup. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given, host prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options as shown below:

Closing Notes

We have shown you three commands to find DNS records of a domain in Linux.

If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to comment below.

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