Linux get filename from path

Bash get filename from given path on Linux or Unix

Bash get filename from given path

The basename command strip directory and suffix from filenames. The syntax is pretty simple:
basename /path/to/file
basename /path/to/file suffix

Examples

Let us see how to extract a filename from given file such as /bin/ls. Type the following basename command:
basename /bin/ls
You can pass multiple arguments using the -a option as follows:
basename -a /bin/date /sbin/useradd /nas04/nfs/nixcraft/data.tar.gz
Store outputs in a shell variable, run:

How to remove extesnion from filenames

Remove .gz from backups.tar.gz file and get backups.tar only:
basename /backups/14-nov-2019/backups.tar.gz .gz
OR

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Extract filename and extension in Bash

From the bash man page:

The ‘$’ character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first

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How to Get Filename from the Full Path in Linux

The full path of a file in Linux refers to the complete address including directories and subdirectories using which the file can be located. Every operating system has different variants of the full path of a file.

In Linux, it looks something like the following:

This is the full file path of file test.txt.

When manually dealing with a file path, it is easy to get the filename, but if you are using a script for some kind of automation, you might need to extract the filename in certain scenarios.

Let’s see how we can extract filename out of the full path in Linux.

Using Basename Command

The whole purpose of the basename command is to retrieve filename out of a file path. Although it is not too difficult to get the filename from a full path, basename automatically does it for you and you don’t have to go through the trouble of parsing the file path, etc.

Print File Name

Use the -a an argument to pass multiple paths.

Print File Names

Using Bash Parameter Substitution

Bash Parameter Substitutions are a way to modify a variable on the fly. Hence to use this method, we need to store the file path in a variable.

Now we will apply parameter substitution and store the value in another variable.

Store Value in Variable

Basically what this does is that: it shreds the part before the last ‘/’ in ‘full path’ and just keeps the rest of the string, which is nothing but the filename.

Conclusion

In this article, we learned about two ways to get a filename from a full file path in Linux. If you want to learn more about the command basename and parameter substitutions in Bash, make sure you go through their respective man pages with:

Thanks for reading and let us know your thoughts and questions below!

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Python: Get Filename From Path (Windows, Mac & Linux)

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Python to get a filename from a path for a given file. You’ll learn how to do this using Windows, Mac, and Linux. Paths consist of three main parts: the directory, the filename, and the extension. The directory tells us where the file is, the filename tells us what the file is called, and the extension is the file type. Knowing how to get a filename can be an important skill when you’re trying to process different files.

You’ll learn how to get the filename form a Python path using the os library, the string .split() method, and the popular pathlib library.

The Quick Answer: Use os splittext() or pathlib

Table of Contents

How Are Paths Different in Windows and Mac/Linux?

Paths in Windows are different than they are in Mac and Linux operating systems. A key difference is the path separator the operating systems use. A path separator separates the directories from one another and allows us to identify the path of a file.

A Windows based operating system uses the backslash \ to separate paths. Meanwhile, Linux and Mac operating systems use the slash / to separate paths.

The problem with this is that the backslash is actually the escape character. Because of this, it can be helpful when working with paths, such as with string methods, to turn the string that contains our path into a raw string. This can be done by prepending the letter r to the front of a string.

Want to learn more about Python list comprehensions? Check out this in-depth tutorial that covers off everything you need to know, with hands-on examples. More of a visual learner, check out my YouTube tutorial here.

Use the os splittext Method in Python to Get the Filename from a Path

The built-in os library comes with a helpful module, the pathname module, that allows us to work with system paths. The pathname module comes with a helpful function, the basename() function. This returns the base name of the file, meaning that it also returns the extension of the file.

Let’s take a look at what this looks like:

We can see here that the script has returned the filename as well as the extension of the file.

Get the Filename from a Path without the Extension

If we wanted to remove the extension, we could write the following:

This works because when we split the text and grab the first item, we only include the filename, rather than the extension as well. We pass in the second argument into the .split() function as the maxsplit= argument to tell Python how often to split the text.

In the next section, you’ll learn how to use the string .split() method to get the filename from a path in Python.

Want to learn how to get a file’s extension in Python? This tutorial will teach you how to use the os and pathlib libraries to do just that!

Use Python split to Get the Filename from a Path

We can get a filename from a path using only string methods, in particular the str.split() method. This method will vary a bit depending on the operating system you use.

In the example below, we’ll work with a Mac path and get the filename:

This returns the filename with the extension. If we wanted to return only the filename without the extension, we can simply split the filename again, this time using the . character.

Let’s take a look at what this would look like:

In the next section, you’ll learn how to use the object-oriented pathlib library to get the filename form a Python path.

Need to automate renaming files? Check out this in-depth guide on using pathlib to rename files. More of a visual learner, the entire tutorial is also available as a video in the post!

Use Python Pathlib to Get the Filename from a Path

The pathlib library uses a bit of a different approach to handling paths than the other methods we’ve covered so far. In fact, it uses an object-oriented approach to handle file paths. This is great, as it means that once we generate a path object, we can easily access different attributes about it.

One of these attributes is the .stem attribute, that provides the filename of a provided path object.

Let’s take a look at how we can accomplish this in Python:

This approach is a bit different and for users not familiar with object-oriented design, it may seem a bit strange. But it is a very easy and intuitive approach, once you get the hang of it.

Conclusion

In this post, you learned how to use Python to get the filename from a path, in Windows, Mac, and Linux. You learned how to use the helpful os library to accomplish this, as well as some trickier string methods. You also learned how to use the more modern, object-oriented pathlib library to get the filename from a path.

To learn more about the pathlib library, check out the official documentation here.

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How to Get Filename from Path in Python

There are a number of ways you can use to get the filename from a filepath. Python provides many modules like os, pathlib, and ntpath that can help you to get the filename from the input filepath. Let’s see the various way to extract the filename from the filepath.

Python get filename from path

To get a filename from a path in Python, use the os.path.split() or os.path.basename() function. There is also another module called pathlib in Python that provides a Path().name function that can be used to extract the filename from the filepath.

Using os.path.basename() method

To get the file name from the path in Python, use the os.path.basename() method. If you are working with UNIX or MacOS, it uses the slash / as path separator, and Windows uses the backslash \ as the separator.

Syntax

Arguments

The basename() method takes a single path-like object representing a file system path.

Example

To use the basename() function, first, import the os module at the top of the file.

The next step is to define the filepath.

You can see from the filepath that the filename is app.py. To extract that from a filepath, use the os.path.basename() function.

Output

You can see from the output that we got exactly what we asked for. When os.path.basename() method is used on a POSIX system to get the base name from a Windows styled path; the complete path will be returned.

Universal solution to get filename from filepath

The os.path module works fine for MacOS, but it does not work best for Linux OS or Windows. If you’re running your python script on Linux and try to process a classic Windows-style path, it will fail.

The ntpath module provides os.path functionality on any platform. You can also use it to handle Windows paths or other platforms.

To work with the ntpath module, you need to import it into your file and then use the ntpath.basename() function.

Output

Using os.path.split() method

The os.path.split() is a built-in Python method used to split the pathname into a pair head and tail. The tail part will be our filename.

Syntax

Arguments

The os.path.split() method takes a path-like object representing a file system path.

Example

The os.path.split() method returns head and tail. The tail is a filename, and the head is a filepath, and we are interested in the filename.

Output

As you can see that the split() method returns head and tail values, and we printed the tail, which is the filename.

Using pathlib.Path().name Function

The pathlib module allows classes representing filesystem paths with semantics appropriate for different operating systems. The Path() method returns the complete filepath and then you can apply the name property to it which will return the filename.

Output

That is it for getting filename from the path in the Python tutorial.

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Переменная PATH в Linux

Когда вы запускаете программу из терминала или скрипта, то обычно пишете только имя файла программы. Однако, ОС Linux спроектирована так, что исполняемые и связанные с ними файлы программ распределяются по различным специализированным каталогам. Например, библиотеки устанавливаются в /lib или /usr/lib, конфигурационные файлы в /etc, а исполняемые файлы в /sbin/, /usr/bin или /bin.

Таких местоположений несколько. Откуда операционная система знает где искать требуемую программу или её компонент? Всё просто — для этого используется переменная PATH. Эта переменная позволяет существенно сократить длину набираемых команд в терминале или в скрипте, освобождая от необходимости каждый раз указывать полные пути к требуемым файлам. В этой статье мы разберёмся зачем нужна переменная PATH Linux, а также как добавить к её значению имена своих пользовательских каталогов.

Переменная PATH в Linux

Для того, чтобы посмотреть содержимое переменной PATH в Linux, выполните в терминале команду:

На экране появится перечень папок, разделённых двоеточием. Алгоритм поиска пути к требуемой программе при её запуске довольно прост. Сначала ОС ищет исполняемый файл с заданным именем в текущей папке. Если находит, запускает на выполнение, если нет, проверяет каталоги, перечисленные в переменной PATH, в установленном там порядке. Таким образом, добавив свои папки к содержимому этой переменной, вы добавляете новые места размещения исполняемых и связанных с ними файлов.

Для того, чтобы добавить новый путь к переменной PATH, можно воспользоваться командой export. Например, давайте добавим к значению переменной PATH папку/opt/local/bin. Для того, чтобы не перезаписать имеющееся значение переменной PATH новым, нужно именно добавить (дописать) это новое значение к уже имеющемуся, не забыв о разделителе-двоеточии:

Теперь мы можем убедиться, что в переменной PATH содержится также и имя этой, добавленной нами, папки:

Вы уже знаете как в Linux добавить имя требуемой папки в переменную PATH, но есть одна проблема — после перезагрузки компьютера или открытия нового сеанса терминала все изменения пропадут, ваша переменная PATH будет иметь то же значение, что и раньше. Для того, чтобы этого не произошло, нужно закрепить новое текущее значение переменной PATH в конфигурационном системном файле.

В ОС Ubuntu значение переменной PATH содержится в файле /etc/environment, в некоторых других дистрибутивах её также можно найти и в файле /etc/profile. Вы можете открыть файл /etc/environment и вручную дописать туда нужное значение:

sudo vi /etc/environment

Можно поступить и иначе. Содержимое файла .bashrc выполняется при каждом запуске оболочки Bash. Если добавить в конец файла команду export, то для каждой загружаемой оболочки будет автоматически выполняться добавление имени требуемой папки в переменную PATH, но только для текущего пользователя:

Выводы

В этой статье мы рассмотрели вопрос о том, зачем нужна переменная окружения PATH в Linux и как добавлять к её значению новые пути поиска исполняемых и связанных с ними файлов. Как видите, всё делается достаточно просто. Таким образом вы можете добавить столько папок для поиска и хранения исполняемых файлов, сколько вам требуется.

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