Linux get filesystem type

Linux how to determine the file system type

All files accessible in a Linux system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices and they can be remote or local file system. Linux supports numerous file system types. For example it supports Ext2,. Ext3, NFS, FA16, FAT32, NTFS,Sysfs, Procfs etc. To determine the file system type or to find out what type of file systems currently mounted you need to use command called mount or df. Type df command as follows:
$ df -T Output:

df command report filesystem disk space usage and if you pass -T option it will report filesystem type. As you see second command displays file system type (ext3). Type, mount command as follows at shell prompt:
$ mount Output:

As you can see, second last column displays the file system type. For example first line [/dev/hdb1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro)] can be interpreted as follows:

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• /dev/hdb1 : Partition
• / : File system
• ext3 : File system type
• (rw,errors=remount-ro) : Mount options

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10 basic & powerful commands to check file system type in Linux/Unix

Table of Contents

Any operating system must be able to access and manage files on storage devices; however, the manner in which the files are organized on a storage device is actually set by the underlying filesystem.With Linux and Unix there are various filesystem types, so in this article I will share multiple commands and methods to check file system type in Linux and Unix.

Before we try to determine and check file system type, we must be familiar with the term «File System».

What is a FileSystem?

As you probably know, or at least can guess, hard drives are not monolithic entities with data simply spread haphazardly around the hard drive. Hard drives are organized into sectors and clusters. Data of any type is organized into files. Whether it is a document, image, spreadsheet, or even an executable program, it is a file. That file may be stored in one or more clusters.

Filesystems are responsible to organize, find, and work with those files that are on the hard drive. There are issues that any filesystem must address in order to handle files effectively.

The first issue occurs because many files are larger than a single sector or cluster. So, locating the entirety of a file on a hard drive is an issue that must be addressed. The operating system may need to check several clusters, not necessarily contiguous, to find a file.

Another problem is how to store the files in clusters and sectors. Also, a filesystem must address how to handle space left due to deleted or moved files.

Now since we know what is a File System, Let us start with the actual agenda of this article.

Commands to check file system type in Linux or Unix

1. blkid

blkid can determine the type of content (e.g. filesystem or swap) that a block device holds, and also the attributes (tokens, NAME=value pairs) from the content metadata (e.g. LABEL or UUID fields).

You must execute blkid as root user without any directives and check » TYPE » field to check file system type of respective partition or device in Linux or Unix.

With -t, —match-token NAME=value , you can search for block devices with tokens named NAME that have the value value, and display any devices which are found. Common values for NAME include TYPE , LABEL , and UUID

For example to list and check file system type for ext4 FS:

2. lsblk

lsblk lists information about all available or the specified block devices. lsblk command provides more information, better control on output formatting, easy to use in scripts and it does not require root permissions to get actual information.

df is another popular and most used command to display the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on all currently mounted file systems is shown.

Using -T directive with df command you can print file system type of all the mounted file systems.

Alternatively you can specify a device with df command to check file system type of the respective device

4. findmnt

findmnt will list all mounted filesystems or search for a filesystem. The findmnt command is able to search in /etc/fstab , /etc/mtab or /proc/self/mountinfo . If device or mountpoint is not given, all filesystems are shown.

Using —fstab directive, findmnt command will search in /etc/fstab and with -t it will limit the set of printed filesystems

If used without any directive, findmnt command will give you long list of output with all bind mounts

5. file

file command is normally only attempts to read and determine the type of argument files. Specifying the -s option causes file to also read argument files which are block or character special files. This is useful for determining and to check file system types of the data in raw disk partitions, which are block special files

6. udevadm

udevadm command queries the udev database for device information stored in the udev database. It can also query the properties of a device from its sysfs representation to help creating udev rules that match this device.

Using —query you can query the database for the specified type of device data. The below command gives a long output so we will grep the required data to check file system type for our device /dev/sda1

Some more commands and methods to determine filesystem type in Linux or Unix

Now above were some of the most used commands to check file system type but there are many other methods using which you can determine filesystem type

7. File /etc/fstab content

Normally all the devices we use are mounted via /etc/fstab file to make the mounting reboot persistent. So you can always refer /etc/fstab file to check file system type, for example:

Here the first column of the file specifies the partition device path while the third column shows the file system type of the respective device.

8. File /etc/mtab content

Similar to /etc/fstab you can also refer /etc/mtab to get the list of currently mounted file system along with the file system type.

Here also the first column of the file specifies the partition device path while the third column shows the file system type of the respective device.

9. File /proc/mounts

Now /proc/mounts file refers /etc/mtab so this is not a new method but just another file which you can look into to check file system type in Linux or Unix.

10. mount command

Again, mount command will also refer /etc/mtab file to get the list of mounted file systems and can also help you determine file system type of individual devices.

Lastly I hope the methods and commands from the article to determine and check file system type on Linux and Unix was helpful. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.

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7 Ways to Determine the File System Type in Linux (Ext2, Ext3 or Ext4)

A file system is the way in which files are named, stored, retrieved as well as updated on a storage disk or partition; the way files are organized on the disk.

A file system is divided in two segments called: User Data and Metadata (file name, time it was created, modified time, it’s size and location in the directory hierarchy etc).

In this guide, we will explain seven ways to identify your Linux file system type such as Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, BtrFS, GlusterFS plus many more.

1. Using df Command

df command reports file system disk space usage, to include the file system type on a particular disk partition, use the -T flag as below:

df Command – Find Filesystem Type

For a comprehensive guide for df command usage go through our articles:

2. Using fsck Command

fsck is used to check and optionally repair Linux file systems, it can also print the file system type on specified disk partitions.

The flag -N disables checking of file system for errors, it just shows what would be done (but all we need is the file system type):

fsck – Print Linux Filesystem Type

3. Using lsblk Command

lsblk displays block devices, when used with the -f option, it prints file system type on partitions as well:

lsblk – Shows Linux Filesystem Type

4. Using mount Command

mount command is used to mount a file system in Linux, it can also be used to mount an ISO image, mount remote Linux filesystem and so much more.

When run without any arguments, it prints info about disk partitions including the file system type as below:

Mount – Show Filesystem Type in Linux

5. Using blkid Command

blkid command is used to find or print block device properties, simply specify the disk partition as an argument like so:

blkid – Find Filesystem Type

6. Using file Command

file command identifies file type, the -s flag enables reading of block or character files and -L enables following of symlinks:

file – Identifies Filesystem Type

7. Using fstab File

The /etc/fstab is a static file system info (such as mount point, file system type, mount options etc) file:

Fstab – Shows Linux Filesystem Type

That’s it! In this guide, we explained seven ways to identify your Linux file system type. Do you know of any method not mentioned here? Share it with us in the comments.

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8 способов определить тип файловой системы в Linux (Ext2, Ext3 или Ext4, FAT32, NTFS)

Файловая система — это способ, которым файлы именуются, хранятся, извлекаются, а также обновляются на диске или разделе хранения; это способ организации файлов на диске.

Файловая система разделена на два сегмента, которые называются: данные пользователя и метаданные (имя файла, время его создания, время изменения, его размер и расположение в иерархии каталогов и т. д.).

В этом руководстве мы расскажем о семи способах определения типа файловой системы Linux, например Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, BtrFS, GlusterFS и многих других.

1. Использование команды df

Команда df сообщает об использовании дискового пространства файловой системой, чтобы включить тип файловой системы в конкретный раздел диска, используйте флаг -T, как показано ниже:

Полное руководство по использованию команды df можно найти в наших статьях:

2. Использование команды fsck

fsck используется для проверки и, при необходимости, для восстановления файловых систем Linux, она также может печатать тип файловой системы на указанных разделах диска.

Флаг -N отключает проверку файловой системы на наличие ошибок, он просто показывает, что будет сделано (но нам нужен только тип файловой системы):

3. Использование команды lsblk

lsblk отображает блочные устройства, при использовании с параметром -f он также печатает тип файловой системы на разделах:

Вариант этой команды, выводящей краткие сведение об имени и файловой системе:

4. Использование команды mount

Команда mount используется для монтирования файловой системы в Linux, её также можно использовать для монтирования образа ISO, монтирования удалённой файловой системы Linux и многого другого.

При запуске без аргументов она выводит информацию о разделах диска, включая тип файловой системы, как показано ниже:

5. Использование команды blkid

Команда blkid используется для поиска или печати свойств блочного устройства, просто укажите раздел диска в качестве аргумента, например:

6. Использование команды file

Команда file определяет тип файла, флаг -s разрешает чтение блочных или символьных файлов, а -L разрешает переход по символическим ссылкам:

7. Использование findmnt

Программа findmnt показывает множество информации о блочных устройствах, точках монтирования, опциях монтирования и прочей сопутствующей информации. В том числе выводится информация о файловой системе устройств:

8. Использование файла fstab

Файл /etc/fstab — это файл статической информации о файловой системе (такой, как точка монтирования, тип файловой системы, параметры монтирования и т. д.):

Всё готово! В этом руководстве мы объяснили восемь способов определить тип файловой системы Linux. Вы знаете какой-либо метод, не упомянутый здесь? Поделитесь с нами в комментариях.

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