Linux list all folders

List of All Folders and Sub-folders [closed]

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In Linux, I want to find out all Folder/Sub-folder name and redirect to text file

I tried ls -alR > list.txt , but it gives all files+folders

3 Answers 3

You can use find

tree , If not installed on your system.

If you are using ubuntu

If you are using mac os .

snapshot folder in it, which I want to exclude?

snapshot -prune > output.txt

Will list all directories and subdirectories under the current path. If you want to list all of the directories under a path other than the current one, change the . to that other path.

If you want to exclude certain directories, you can filter them out with a negative condition:

snapshot folder in it, which I want to exclude?

As well as find listed in other answers, better shells allow both recurvsive globs and filtering of glob matches, so in zsh for example.

. lists all directories while keeping all the «-l» details that you want, which you’d otherwise need to recreate using something like.

(not quite as easy as the other answers suggest)

The benefit of find is that it’s more independent of the shell — more portable, even for system() calls from within a C/C++ program etc..

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how to list folders or directories in linux

In Linux, everything is implemented as “Files“. That mostly means that they all share several “common” features/properties while having some unique properties of their own. All files and folders are implemented the same way, as Files. That is a very abstract explanation of the whole thing and there are still some differences between file systems.

If you want to really understand how files and folders are implemented in your filesystem, then you can find what specific filesystems you are using and then look into the specific implementation of the same. Folders are just “special” files with certain specific properties. Any more detailed explanation of files and folders is probably beyond the scope of this post.

The important thing for you to remember that everything including files, folders, links and devices etc. etc. are all Files at its core. That helps to better understand how the whole thing works.

So, you want to list all folders or directories inside a folder. We will mainly deal with listing only folders (and not files) although these commands can list both files and folders. There are mainly two different commands you can use to list files and folders: ls and find.

Please remember that the output might work slightly different depending on the shell you use. I use fish by default, but the following examples should work in other shells as well, such as bash and zsh.

list all folders in a folder

When using ls to list folders, the command line option of consequence is -d. The -d option will list the directories by themselves, and not its content. This, however also depends on how you specify the path to the folder. So, if you want to all directories in the current working folder…

In order to specify another directory, which is not the current folder you will need to specify the path as below…ending with */

Another option is the find command. I find that the find command is much more versatile than ls itself, but it can be slower depending on the number of files you have in the folder. So, using find command to print out folders in the current directory.

$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type d

The -maxdepth command line option lets you control the depth of the folders you want to traverse. This can be an extremely powerful feature when you want to traverse the folder recursively. The -type option is used to specify what types of files you want listed. The d specifies that we want only directories. You can use f for files and l for symbolic links.

If you want to list first level folders in another directory, then substitute the path (.) in the above example with the path. Also, if you want to see the directory/file metadata such as date, permissions, user etc then tack on the -ls option at the end.

$ find newfolder/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -ls

list all folders and sub-folders

Now, let’s say you want to print out all folders and sub-folders inside a directory. In my opinion, the simplest and easiest command for this is find. You can use ls as well, but there is no straight forward way to print out only the directories without filtering the output by using either awk, grep or cut etc.

The command line option -R or –recursive will allow you to recurse into each and every folder and its sub-folders. You can use pretty much the same find command in the previous section to print the folders and sub-folders.

$find myfolder/ -type d -ls

Now, you can easily filter the depth of the folders using the -maxdepth option. If you want to display only folders and sub-folder that are 3 levels deep, then

$ find path/to/folder -maxdepth 3 -type d

list folders by size

If you want to find the size of any particular folder, then it can easily be done with either ls or du commands. We will quickly deal with listing the folders along with the total size of the folder. We can then sort the output to find which folder is using the most space.

We use the du command to compute the size or space used by each listed folder first. We can then the sort command to sort the folders in decreasing order of size.

bash$ find ./ -maxdepth 3 -type d -exec du -s <> \; | sort -nr

You can leave out the maxdepth option if you want to list all sub-folders recursively.

The above syntax will work with bash. If you encounter an error with another shell, then refer to the shell documentation. For example, in fish you will need to either escape the “<” and “>” (ie. \ <\>) or use quotes around it ‘<>’. The example below will work with both shells.

fish$ find ./ -maxdepth 3 -type d -exec du -s ‘<>‘ \; | sort -nr

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Linux / UNIX List Just Directories Or Directory Names

You can use combination of ls command, find command, and grep command to list directory names only. You can use the find command too. In this quick tutorial you will learn how to list only directories in Linux or UNIX.

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	No
Requirements	Linux, macOS, or Unix terminal
Est. reading time	5 minutes

Display or list all directories in Unix

Type the following command:
$ ls -l | grep `^d’
$ ls -l | egrep `^d’
Or better try the following ls command only to list directories for the current directory:
$ ls -d */
Sample outputs:

Fig.01: List Directories in Unix and Linux Systems

Linux list only directories using ls command

Run the following ls command:
ls -d */

Listing only directories using ls command in Linux or Unix-like systems

Linux Display or list only files

Type the following command to display list only files in Linux or Unix:
$ ls -l | egrep -v ‘^d’
$ ls -l | egrep -v ‘^d’
The grep command is used to searches input. It will filter out directories name by matching first character ‘ d ‘. To reverse effect i.e. just to display files you need to pass the -v option. It invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.

Task: Create bash shell aliases to save time

You can create two aliases as follows to list only directories and files.
alias lf=»ls -l | egrep -v ‘^d'»
alias ldir=’ls -d */’
##alias ldir=»ls -l | egrep ‘^d'»
Put above two aliases in your bash shell startup file:
$ cd
$ vi .bash_profile

Append two lines:
alias lf=»ls -l | egrep -v ‘^d'»
alias ldir=’ls -d */’
#alias ldir=»ls -l | egrep ‘^d'»
Save and close the file in vim. Now just type lf – to list files. Again run ldir to list directories only:
$ cd /etc
$ ldir
Sample outputs:

List directory names only:
$ cd /etc
$ ldir

Sample outputs:

Use find command to list either files or directories on Linux

The find command can be used as follows to list all directories in /nas, enter:

Pass the -maxdepth 0 to limit listing to the starting-points i.e. the current working directory only:
find /path/to/dir -maxdepth 1 -type d
find . -maxdepth 1 -type d
find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -ls

Listing only directories using the find command in Linux

Putting it all together

Say you want to find all directories ending with .bak extension and delete it, run the following find command in the current directory:
find . -type d -iname «.bak» -delete
Verify it:
find . -type d -iname «.bak» -ls
The following shell script does two things for Apache/Nginx/Lighttpd Webroot such as /webroot/:

1. First, finds all files and directories and set permission to read-only for security reasons.
2. Second, it allows our web server to read files regardless of permission so that we don’t get an HTTP/403 error.

In other words, all write permissions are removed from Webroot. The server/web-app can only read files but can not alter any files or upload any files. It helps reduces attack surfaces provided that you configure the rest of the server and web application firewall correctly.

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Get a list of all files in folder and sub-folder in a file

How do I get a list of all files in a folder, including all the files within all the subfolders and put the output in a file?

7 Answers 7

You can do this on command line, using the -R switch (recursive) and then piping the output to a file thus:

this will make a file called filename1 in the current directory, containing a full directory listing of the current directory and all of the sub-directories under it.

You can list directories other than the current one by specifying the full path eg:

will list everything in and under /var and put the results in a file in the current directory called filename2. This works on directories owned by another user including root as long as you have read access for the directories.

You can also list directories you don’t have access to such as /root with the use of the sudo command. eg:

Would list everything in /root, putting the results in a file called filename3 in the current directory. Since most Ubuntu systems have nothing in this directory filename3 will not contain anything, but it would work if it did.

Just use the find command with the directory name. For example to see the files and all files within folders in your home directory, use

Check the find manual manpage for the find command

Also check find GNU info page by using info find command in a terminal.

An alternative to recursive ls is the command line tool tree that comes with quite a lot of options to customize the format of the output diplayed. See the manpage for tree for all options.

will give you the same as tree using other characters for the lines.

to display hidden files too

to not display lines

1. Go to the folder you want to get a content list from.
2. Select the files you want in your list ( Ctrl + A if you want the entire folder).
3. Copy the content with Ctrl + C .
4. Open gedit and paste the content using Ctrl + V . It will be pasted as a list and you can then save the file.

This method will not include subfolder, content though.

You could also use the GUI counterpart to Takkat’s tree suggestion which is Baobab. It is used to view folders and subfolders, often for the purpose of analysing disk usage. You may have it installed already if you are using a GNOME desktop (it is often called disk usage analyser).

You can select a folder and also view all its subfolders, while also getting the sizes of the folders and their contents as the screenshot below shows. You just click the small down arrow to view a subfolder within a folder. It is very useful for gaining a quick insight into what you’ve got in your folders and can produce viewable lists, but at the present moment it cannot export them to file. It has been requested as a feature, however, at Launchpad. You can even use it to view the root filesystem if you use gksudo baobab .

(You can also get a list of files with their sizes by using ls -shR

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How to list folders using bash commands?

Is there any way to list just the folders in a directory using bash commands? ( as the ls command lists all the files and folders )

8 Answers 8

Since all directories end in / , this lists only the directories in the current path. The -d option ensures that only the directory names are printed, not their contents.

Stephen Martin’s response gave a warning, and listed the current folder as well, so I’d suggest

(This is on Linux; I could not find -maxdepth and -mindepth in the POSIX man page for find)

Will list just folders. And as Teddy pointed out you’ll need -maxdepth to stop it recusrsing into sub dirs

Daniel’s answer is correct. Here are some useful additions, though.

To avoid listing hidden folders (like .git ), try this:

And to replace the dreaded dot slash at the beginning of find output in some environments, use this:

You’re «not supposed to» parse the output of ls, or so is said. The reasoning behind is that the output is intended to be human-readable and that can make it unnecessarily complicated to parse, if I recall.

if you don’t want ls or find, you may want to try filtering «*» with «[ -d ]».

I did just that, for some reason ls and find weren’t working (file names with spaces and brackets I guess, or somthing else I was overlooking), then I did something along the lines of

Just to emphasize a thing that confused me out here, in respect to glob patterns selection; say you have this:

So, say here you want to select only mydir* directories. Note that if you leave out the terminating slash, ls -d will list files as well:

. however, with a terminating slash, then only directories are listed:

printf «%s\n» */ will list all directories in the $PWD.

echo */ will also work, but in a long one-line, more difficult when names have spaces.

You can also use:

Not the answer you’re looking for? Browse other questions tagged linux command-line ls or ask your own question.

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