Linux name operating system

How to check os version in Linux command line

Check os version in Linux

The procedure to find os name and version on Linux:

1. Open the terminal application (bash shell)
2. For remote server login using the ssh: ssh user@server-name
3. Type any one of the following command to find os name and version in Linux:
   cat /etc/os-release
   lsb_release -a
   hostnamectl
4. Type the following command to find Linux kernel version:
   uname -r

Let us see all examples in details for common Linux distros.

The /etc/os-release file

Type the following cat command:
$ cat /etc/os-release
Sample outputs:

We can filter out information such as OS version and name using the grep command/egrep command as follows:
$ grep ‘^VERSION’ /etc/os-release
$ egrep ‘^(VERSION|NAME)=’ /etc/os-release
Here is what we see:

Even tiny Linux distro such as Alpine Linux provide the required OS (Operating system) information, including version:

Checking OS version on Linux using the lsb_release command

The lsb_release command gives LSB (Linux Standard Base) and distribution-specific information on the CLI. The syntax is:
$ lsb_release -a
Sample outputs:

hostnamectl command

Use hostnamectl command to query and change the system hostname and related settings. Just type the following command to check OS name and Linux kernel version:
$ hostnamectl
And it will give info as follows. Look out for “ Operating System ” and “ Kernel “:

Another outputs from my OpenSUSE Linux 15.2 server:

uname command

/etc/issue file

Use more command/less command as follows:
$ cat /etc/issue
$ more /etc/issue
$ less /etc/issue

Getting help

You can also view the manual page on uname using the following command:
$ man hostnamectl
$ man uname
$ man cat

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Conclusion

We explained how to find and display the OS version on Linux. The safest option is to query /etc/os-release file using grep or cat command. Systemd based Linux distro users can use the hostnamectl command.

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How to Check OS Version in Linux

Linux version can be checked using inbuilt commands or can read from specific files. It is important to determine the distribution name and version on many occasion like when doing package updates or OS update.

There are a lot of Linux distributions available like Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Mint, Arch, Fedora, RHEL, and more.

In this tutorial, I will show how to check the Linux version from the command line.

Check Linux Version

There are mainly 5 ways we can get Linux distribution name and its version.

1. From /etc/os-release

Use cat command to read the content of the file /etc/os-release , run the following command:

Output from CentOS

Output from Ubuntu

2. Using lsb_release command

The lsb_release -a displays the Linux version information from the command line. The output will display distribution ID, description, release and codename. To display only the description you can use lsb_release -d .

If you get «command not found» and then you need to install ‘lsb-core’ package.

Output of lsb_release -a

To display only the description, run:

3. Using Hostnamectl command

In modern Linux distributions which use systemd init systems, you can use hostnamectl command to display operating system version.

4. From /etc/issue file

You can get version information from /etc/issue file, to read file content use cat or less command:

5. From /etc/*release or /etc/*version

Some distribution use release and version file and those files are specific to that distro.

$ echo /etc/*version /etc/*release
/etc/debian_version /etc/ec2_version /etc/lsb-release /etc/os-release

To read the content from /etc/*release or /etc/*version, run the following command:

If you are interested to know the Linux kernel version and architecture then use uname command or you can read the content from /proc/version file.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we learned different ways to find Linux OS name and version from I hope you enjoyed reading and please leave your suggestion in the below comment section.

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Как узнать версию Linux

Когда мы говорим о Linux, то обычно подразумеваем какой-либо дистрибутив Linux. Также под Linux мы можем иметь ввиду ядро Linux.

Иногда требуется определить версию Linux, в которой вы работаете. Пользователь может не знать или забыть, какая версия дистрибутива или какая версия ядра Linux используется. Если это чужая система, то может потребоваться узнать название используемого дистрибутива.

В данной статье рассматриваются различные способы, которые помогут нам определить используемую версию Linux. Рассматривается несколько команд для определения версии Linux. Приведенные команды универсальны и не зависят от дистрибутива. Возможно, некоторые из них могут не работать в каких-то дистрибутивах, в таком случае переходите к следующей команде и пробуйте ее.

Команда lsb_release

Команда lsb_release выводит информацию о дистрибутиве.

Префикс lsb в названии команды относится к проекту Linux Standard Base, который был создан с целью создания ряда стандартов для выпуска дистрибутивов Linux, чтобы уменьшить различия между отдельными дистрибутивами. Предполагается, что использование LSB снижает затраты, связанные с переносом приложений на разные дистрибутивы, а также снижает усилия, связанные с поддержкой этих приложений.

Чтобы отобразить информацию о дистрибутиве выполните команду:

Выводится название дистрибутива, номер версии и кодовое имя.

Можно использовать опцию -d , чтобы показать только строку Description, которая обычно содержит и название и версию дистрибутива.

Команда hostnamectl

Команда hostnamectl , выполненная без параметров или с ключом status , выводит текущую информацию о системе.

Помимо данных дистрибутива, выводится версия ядра и архитектура.

Команда uname — версия ядра

Команда uname выводит информацию о текущем ядре системы Linux, а также некоторые дополнительные данные.

Чтобы вывести всю информацию, используется ключ -a

Для удобства можно выводить только название ядра ( -s ) , версию ядра ( -r ) и архитектуру ( -m )

Файл /etc/os-release

В файле /etc/os-release содержится информация о дистрибутиве, включая URL-адреса сайт системы и некоторые дополнительные данные. Данный файл присутствует в дистрибутивах, использующих systemd.

Чтобы вывести содержимое файла /etc/os-release можно воспользоваться командой cat:

Файл /etc/issue

Файл /etc/issue содержит текст, который выводится в качестве приглашения ко входу в систему. Обычно текст представляет собой название дистрибутива и версию.

Выведем содержимое файла /etc/issue командой cat:

Файлы /etc/***release и /etc/***version

Если вы используете старый или какой-то специфический дистрибутив Linux, то информация о системе может хранится в файле /etc/abc-release или /etc/abc-version .

Вместо abc обычно указывается краткий идентификатор дистрибутива или lsb, если система совместима со стандартами LSB. Вместо символа — может быть символ _ . Например, для дистрибутива Fedora используется файл /etc/fedora-release

Необязательно знать названия этих файлов. Можно воспользоваться следующей командой, чтобы автоматически определить названия и вывести содержимое этих файлов:

Файл /proc/version

Информацию о ядре Linux также можно получить из файла /proc/version

Через графические утилиты

Многие дистрибутивы позволяют просмотреть некоторую информацию о системе, используя графические утилиты. Например, в Ubuntu это можно сделать из утилиты Параметров системы, на вкладке Сведения о системе .

Заключение

Мы рассмотрели различные способы получения информации о дистрибутиве и ядре системы Linux. Какие-то способы могут не работать в некоторых дистрибутивах Linux.

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How to check your Linux version: easy ways to view the distribution and version number

When most people think of Linux, an open source operating system that serves as an alternative to Microsoft and Apple comes to mind. But unlike these market leaders that offer commercial operating systems, there is no single Linux operating system.

Instead, there is a whole series of free, open-source operating systems (referred to as “distributions”) that are built based on the Linux kernel. This means that Linux merely serves as the basis for potential operating systems, which are then built from the kernel and other programming elements. While Microsoft and Apple release closed-source, proprietary software products, the Linux kernel is open-source code that any member of the Linux community can use or modify to make their own applications and operating systems.

Since there exist countless Linux versions, it’s of utmost importance to know which version you’re running, especially when you run into technical problems, have questions, or want to do an update. Luckily, it’s very easy to find out. Keep reading for instructions on how tocheck your Linux version.

Linux version: what do the distribution and version number mean?

As of June 2020, there are now over 500 unique Linux distributions. The best-known are Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, SUSE, Manjaro, and Linux Mint.

The family tree for Ubuntu alone contains over 65 software applications built on the basis of Ubuntu. The current distribution was released in 2020 with the version number 20.04. The first version of Ubuntu came out in 2004 and was based on the Debian operating system.

The various Linux distributions can be roughly divided into three basic family trees as well as countless other smaller branches and independent versions. For example, the entire Ubuntu family is based on Debian, the distribution Fedora is based on Red Hat Linux, and SUSE used Slackware.

Even though they’re all based on the Linux kernel, the various distributions serve as their own operating systems with different GNU toolchains and graphic interfaces. In order to find your way in the busy Linux landscape, it’s important to know which version of the Linux kernel and which distribution you’re using.

Checking the Linux version in the terminal

Whether you’re using Linux privately or professionally, it’s always important to know which Linux version and distribution you’re working with. That way you’ll know which package manager you’ll need for downloading new tools and updates, and which Linux forum you should turn to when you have questions or experience problems.

If you’re looking for details about your Linux version, there are two words which will be of particular significance:

1. The version number of the distribution
2. The version of the Linux kernel

To find out these two values, you’ll need to use Linux commands. In general, when working in Linux, user input is entered into so-called “shells”, which are interfaces between systems and users. Shells run using a graphic terminal that processes the commands in the relevant programming language. This will serve as your starting point in checking your Linux version.

Step 1: Distribution version number

Open the Linux terminal with the keys [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [T] or by using the search function. Type the following command into the terminal and then press enter:

The asterisk in the code ensures that the command will apply to all distributions and shows you the installed version. The data that you see now may look a bit messy, with some lines appearing twice or several ending in “release”. The most important line here is “PRETTY_NAME=”, which contains the name of the distribution and version number that you’re currently using.

Another command that works on all distributions without the need for a special tool is the following:

If you only need the name and version number of your current distribution, the following command will suffice:

In the following example, you can see that Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is currently running:

The command “lsb_release -d” shows the current distribution and its version number.

The following command lists more comprehensive information about the version:

The command “lsb_release -a” shows additional information about the distribution version you’re currently running.

This command should work on every Linux distribution, as long as you’ve installed the lsb-release package or it’s part of your Ubuntu version. If you haven’t already installed it, you can easily do so with the following command for Debian and Ubuntu:

Step 2: Linux kernel version number

If you’d like to know which version of the Linux kernel you’re using, type the following command into the terminal and press enter:

The command “uname -r” shows the version of the Linux kernel that you’re currently using.

You’ll now see which Linux kernel you’re using. In the above example, the Linux kernel is 5.4.0-26.

If you’d like to see more information (about computer architecture for example), you can enter the following command:

The command “uname -a” shows the version of the Linux kernel you’re using, as well as additional details.

Step 3: View everything at once with Inxi

With the tool Inxi, you can easily view all the information about your hardware, host, Linux kernel, desktop environment, and distribution. To install the program in Debian/Ubuntu, enter the following command into the terminal:

Once installed, you can view the above-mentioned data with this simple command:

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