Linux pip3 install tkinter

Установка и использование PIP в Linux

Что такое PIP

Pip (сокращение от Python Installs Packages) — это пакетный менеджер для языка программирования Python.

Мы привыкли к пакетным менеджерам в дистрибутивах Linux. Через них мы устанавливаем и удаляем приложения, библиотеки, драйвера и другие компоненты системы.

Для некоторых языков программирования, также были созданы пакетные менеджеры, которые предназначены для установки пакетов, необходимых конкретному языку. Например, для языка Ruby есть gem, а для Node.js есть npm. Pip — это пакетный менеджер для языка Python.

Pip позволяет устанавливать и управлять программными пакетами, написанными на Python. Работа с PIP выполняется через командную строку.

Pip позволяет устанавливать любые пакеты из репозитория Python Package Index (PyPl). Можно использовать и другие репозитории, но обычно все необходимое доступно в PyPl.

Какую версию PIP устанавливать

В настоящее время Python 3 является самой свежей версией языка Python.

Многие дистрибутивы Linux устанавливаются только с поддержкой Python 3. Python 2 уже почти не используется и для его поддержки нужно устанавливать дополнительные пакеты в систему.

Поэтому, если вы не знаете, какую версию PIP устанавливать, то, скорее всего, вам и большинству пользователей нужно устанавливать PIP именно для Python 3.

Если требуется PIP для Python 2, то его можно установить совместно с 3-й версией.

Установка PIP

Рассмотрим, как установить PIP в различных дистрибутивах Linux.

Установка PIP в Ubuntu Linux (Linux Mint)

Для установки PIP в Ubuntu Linux и других производных от него дистрибутивах можно использовать штатные репозитории Ubuntu.

Установка PIP для Python 3 в Ubuntu

Для установки PIP для Python 3 выполните в терминале команду:

Команда для использования PIP 3 в Ubuntu: pip3

После установки можно проверить версию PIP. Для этого выполните команду:

Установка PIP для Python 2 в Ubuntu

Для установки PIP для Python 2 необходимо установить пакет python-pip. Во время установки будет установлен Python 2 (если он уже не установлен), так как он входит в зависимости этого пакета. Выполните команду:

Команда для использования PIP 2 в Ubuntu: pip

Таким образом, для Python 2 используется команда pip , а для Python 3 команда pip3

Установка PIP в Fedora Linux

Для установки PIP 3 в Fedora Linux выполните команду:

Для установки PIP 2 в Fedora Linux:

Установка PIP в Arch Linux

Для установки PIP 3 в Arch Linux выполните команду:

Для установки PIP 2 в Arch Linux:

Установка PIP в openSUSE

Для установки PIP 3 в openSUSE выполните команду:

Для установки PIP 2 в openSUSE:

Использование PIP

Синтаксис команды pip3 (в зависимости от дистрибутива и версии название команды может отличаться):

Пример использования: pip install numpy

команда — это действие, которое необходимо выполнить. Список часто используемых команд:
install — установить пакет.
download — скачать пакет и зависимости (без установки).
uninstall — удалить пакет.
list — вывести список установленных пакетов.
show — показать информацию о пакете.
search — поиск пакета (в репозитории PyPI).

Также команда pip3 поддерживает несколько опций . Для базовых операций с пакетами использование опций не требуется. Список опций вы можете получить, выполнив команду: pip3 —help

Некоторые полезные опции :
—upgrade — обновить пакет.
—index-url URL — выполнить установку пакета, используя репозиторий по адресу URL , а не из PyPI.

Примеры использования PIP

Рассмотрим примеры использования PIP для управления пакетами.

Установка пакета

Для установки свежей версии пакета необходимо выполнить команду install:

Установка определенной версии пакета

Установка определенной версии — указывается имя пакета, два знака равенства и требуемая версия пакета:

Установка пакета не ниже определенной версии:

Обновление пакета

Обновить уже установленный пакет до самой свежей версии:

Список установленных пакетов

Выведем список установленных через PIP пакетов. Используем опцию —format=columns , чтобы вывести результаты в табличном виде.

Источник

tkinter-page 0.0.5

pip install tkinter-page Copy PIP instructions

Released: Apr 20, 2021

tkinter components extention

Navigation

Project links

Statistics

View statistics for this project via Libraries.io, or by using our public dataset on Google BigQuery

License: MIT License

Maintainers

Classifiers

• License
  • OSI Approved :: MIT License
• Operating System
  • OS Independent
• Programming Language
  • Python :: 3

Project description

tkinter_page

Introduction

Tkinter_page is based on tkinter. It contains several frames that used in spcific area. You can build you user interface faster with tkinter_page.

Example

DesktopFrame

Page can be constructed by combobox style.

This is another page example with tree style.

Project details

Project links

Statistics

View statistics for this project via Libraries.io, or by using our public dataset on Google BigQuery

License: MIT License

Maintainers

Classifiers

• License
  • OSI Approved :: MIT License
• Operating System
  • OS Independent
• Programming Language
  • Python :: 3

Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

Download files

Download the file for your platform. If you’re not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages.

Источник

Как pip или легко установить tkinter

мой холостой бросает ошибки, которые и говорит tkinter невозможно импортировать.

есть ли простой способ установить tkinter via pip или easy_install ?

там, кажется, много имен пакетов летать вокруг для этого.

это и другие различные варианты с tkinter-pypy не работают.

Я на Windows с Python 2.7 и не могу apt-get .

10 ответов

Ну я вижу здесь два решения:

Tkinter (и, начиная с Python 3.1, ttk) включены во все стандартные дистрибутивы Python. Важно, чтобы вы использовали версию Python, поддерживающую Tk 8.5 или выше, и ttk. Мы рекомендуем установить дистрибутив «ActivePython» из ActiveState, который включает в себя все, что вы необходимость.

в вашем веб-браузере перейдите вActivestate.com, и следуйте по ссылкам, чтобы загрузить издание сообщества ActivePython для Windows. Убедитесь, что вы загружаете 3.1 или более новую версию, а не 2.X версии.

запустите программу установки и следуйте за ней. Вы получите новую установку ActivePython, расположенную, например, C:\python32 . Из командной строки Windows или в меню «Пуск «» Выполнить. «команда, тогда вы сможете запустить оболочку Python via:

Это должно дать вам командную строку Python. В командной строке введите следующие две команды:

Это должно появиться небольшое окно; первая строка в верхней части окна должна сказать: «это Tcl / Tk версии 8.5»; убедитесь, что это не 8.4!

2) Удалите 64-битный Python и установите 32-битный Python.

библиотека Tkinter встроена в каждую установку Python. И поскольку вы находитесь в windows, я считаю, что вы установили python через двоичные файлы на своем веб-сайте?

если да, то, скорее всего, вы вводите команду неправильно. Должно быть:

import Tkinter as tk

обратите внимание на заглавную T в начале Tkinter.

import tkinter as tk

Если вы используете virtualenv, можно установить tkinter с помощью sudo apt-get install python-tk (вместо python2), sudo apt-get install python3-tk (python3), и он будет отлично работать в виртуальной среде

при установке python для Windows используйте стандартную опцию или установите все, что она просит. Я получил ошибку, потому что я снял выбор tcl.

при установке убедитесь, что в Tcl/Tk выберите Will be installed on hard drive . Если он устанавливается с крестом слева, то Tkinter не будет установлен.

то же самое касается Python 3:

Я решил ту же проблему, используя эти две команды 100%

в python Tkinter был пакет по умолчанию,ремонт в то время мы можем выбрать Tcl / Tk, в каталоге c tkinter, хранящемся в C:\Python27\DLLs_tkinter — . pyd на этом месте, переустановите в противном случае сразу положите (_tkinter.pyd) файл в DLL Введите описание изображения здесь

Я публикую в качестве верхнего ответа requotes документацию, которую я не нашел полезной.

tkinter поставляется в комплекте с python install на windows, Если вы выберете его во время окна установки.

решение состоит в том, чтобы восстановить установку (через удаление GUI в порядке) и выбрать для установки tk на этот раз. В этом процессе может потребоваться указать или повторно загрузить двоичный файл. Загрузка непосредственно из activestate не работала для меня.

Это обычная проблема люди имеют на windows, как это легко не хотят устанавливать TCL / TK, если вы не знаете, что это такое, но Matplotlib и т.д. требуют этого.

У меня была аналогичная проблема с Win-8 и python-3.4 32 бит, я решил ее, загрузив ту же версию из python.org — .

следующим шагом будет нажать кнопку ремонта и установить пакет Tk/tkinter или просто нажать ремонт. Теперь должен присутствовать модуль Python34/Lib/tkinter. Импорт tkinter должен работать ..

Источник

Installing Tk

In this chapter, you’ll get Tk installed on your machine, verify it works, and then see a quick example of what a Tk program looks like.

Jump to Tk Install Instructions:

Though pretty much all macOS and Linux machines come with Tk installed already, it’s often an older version (typically 8.4.x or an early 8.5). You want to make sure you’ve got at least version 8.5 (preferably 8.6) to use the new widget set, so if that’s not already there, you’ll want to install the newer version.

You’ll need both Tk and bindings for the language you’re using it from. Sometimes these are bundled together, sometimes not. Though there are lots of ways to install Tk, often the easiest is to download and install one of the versions provided by ActiveState (www.activestate.com).

Users of recent Python versions can avoid this intermediate step. Starting with Python 3.7, the binary installers available at python.org now include everything you need to use Tk out of the box. If you’re using an earlier Python version, or want to compile it yourself, you’ll need to install Tcl/Tk on your system to do so. In this case, ActiveState’s distributions are still the recommended way to go.

Remember, this tutorial assumes you’re using Python 3, not Python 2. There are some significant differences between the two, including module naming, which is the first thing you’ll encounter when trying Tkinter.

ActiveState is a company that sells professional developer tools for dynamic languages. They also provide (for free) quality-controlled distributions of some of these languages, and happen to employ a number of core developers of these languages.

Installing Tk on macOS

Install Tk for Python (Tkinter) on macOS

The Easy Way

As noted, the easiest way to get Tk and Tkinter installed on your system is using Python’s binary installer, available at python.org. Thanks to work by Python core developer Ned Deily, binary installers starting with version 3.7 include Tcl and Tk.

Remember, we’re using Python 3.x here, not 2.x. As of this writing, the latest 3.9 installer (3.9.0rc1) includes Tk 8.6.8.

If, however, you’re compiling Python yourself, you’ll have more work to do. Read on.

Installing Tcl/Tk

The Tkinter module is included with core Python, of course, but you’ll need a version of Tcl/Tk on your system to compile it against. Do yourself a huge favor and get the most recent version.

Whatever you do, do not rely on the Tk versions included in macOS! Older versions included Tk 8.4.x. Even more recent macOS versions include an early 8.5 version (8.5.9, released in 2010), which has several serious bugs that are easily triggered by Tkinter.

While there are several different ways to get Tcl and Tk onto your machine, the easiest and most recommended is to use the ActiveTcl distribution.

In your web browser, visit www.activestate.com/products/activetcl. Download ActiveTcl (as of this writing, it’s version 8.6.9). Make sure to download an 8.6.x version, not something older! Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it. After it’s downloaded, run the installer to get Tcl and Tk loaded onto your machine.

If you’re a masochist and want to read about other Tcl/Tk options and variations and how they interact with Python, see the Mac Tcl/Tk page at python.org If you want to compile Tcl/Tk from source, see www.tcl.tk.

Compiling Python

When compiling Python from source, you may need to tell it where to find the ActiveTcl (or other) distribution. Otherwise, it might not find any Tcl/Tk distribution (so Tkinter won’t work), or it could find the (ancient and broken) version of Tcl/Tk supplied with macOS.

If you’re using Python 3.9 or newer, the build system will look in /Library/Frameworks , where ActiveState and other custom builds are typically installed.

The initial «%» is the Unix shell prompt; you don’t have to type it. The rest of it should all go on one line, without adding line breaks.

When compiling Python versions prior to 3.9, you will need to add two new command-line options to the initial ./configure in the Python build process. The first provides the locations of the Tcl and Tk include files, and the second provides the locations of the Tcl and Tk libraries. These are usually found in two different locations (i.e., Tcl.framework and Tk.framework ). You therefore need to provide two locations for the include files and two for the libraries. Note the location of the quotes in the command below and the spaces separating the Tcl and Tk paths.

If you have multiple versions of Tcl/Tk installed on your system (and in the same frameworks), you may need to check inside the framework to ensure the most recent version is marked as the current one. If not, you may need to adjust your paths to point to the specific version (i.e., Versions/8.x/ ) within each framework.

When everything is built, be sure to test it out. Start Python from your terminal, e.g.

This should give you the Python command prompt. From the prompt, enter these two commands:

This should pop up a small window; the first line at the top of the window should say «This is Tcl/Tk version 8.6»; make sure it is not 8.4 or 8.5!

Get an error saying «No module named tkinter» ? You’re probably using Python 2. This tutorial assumes Python 3.

You can also get the exact version of Tcl/Tk that is being used with:

It should return something like ‘8.6.9’.

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609.2 and Python 3.90rc1 source code from python.org on macOS 10.15.6.

Install Tk for Tcl on macOS

On macOS, the easiest way to get Tk is to install the «ActiveTcl» distribution from ActiveState, which includes Tcl, Tk, plus a number of other extension libraries.

In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActiveTcl. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it. Make sure you’re downloading an 8.6.x version, not an older version.

Run the installer to get everything loaded onto your machine. When you’re done, you’ll find a shiny new application called «Wish 8.6» inside the Utilities folder of your Applications folder. This is the «wish» shell, an application that includes both Tcl and Tk.

If you launch that application, you’ll see two windows popup (see below), one titled «Wish» which will contain your application, and the second titled «Console» which is where you can type in Tcl/Tk commands.

The Wish application running on macOS.

For convenient use from the Unix command line, you’ll also find a script installed as /usr/local/bin/wish8.6 which will launch the same application.

To verify the exact version of Tcl/Tk that you are running, from the Wish console type the following:

We want this to be returning something like ‘8.6.9’.

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609.2 on macOS 10.15.6.

Install Tk for Ruby (Ruby/Tk) on macOS

While previous versions of macOS included both Ruby and Tk (albeit older 8.4 versions), since Snow Leopard this has no longer been the case.

Ruby/Tk is a binding that links against an existing but separate Tk library. So, to get the latest version of Tk for Ruby, we’re going to have to do first download the latest 8.6.x Tcl/Tk version from ActiveState.

Install ActiveTcl

The «ActiveTcl» distribution from ActiveState contains the latest Tk, as well as the latest version of Tcl (which Ruby’s Tk bindings use internally to talk to Tk). In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActiveTcl. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it. Again, make sure you’re downloading an 8.6.x version.

Run the installer and everything will be loaded onto your machine.

Install Ruby

Next, you’ll want to install Ruby. There are multiple ways to do this, as explained at www.ruby-lang.org. One option is to use a package manager like Homebrew. Once it’s been installed (at /usr/local/bin/brew ) you can install Ruby from a command prompt (e.g. Terminal) via:

The initial «%» is the Unix shell prompt; you don’t have to type it.

That should put the Ruby binaries in /usr/local/opt/ruby/bin ). You can check this via brew info ruby . Below, where we use gem or irb , make sure you’re running the version you just installed. One way to do that is specifying the full path.

Install Ruby/Tk

Next, you’ll need to download and install Ruby’s Tk module, which is packaged as a Ruby gem. To do so, from the command prompt, run:

The Tk gem will look for installed versions of Tcl and Tk in /Library/Frameworks , which is where ActiveTcl puts them.

To verify that everything worked, start up /usr/local/opt/ruby/bin/irb and type:

The first line should load Ruby/Tk; typically if there was a problem with finding Tcl/Tk it would show up here. The second line will return the version of Tk that you’re running, which should be something like «8.6.9».

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609.2 and Ruby 2.7.1 via Homebrew on macOS 10.15.6.

Install Tk for Perl (Tkx) on macOS

For modern Tk programming using Perl, the «Tkx» module is highly recommended, and we’ll be using that here. It links against an existing but separate Tk library. So, to get the latest version of Tk for Perl, we’re going to have to do first download the latest 8.6.x Tcl/Tk version from ActiveState.

This tutorial used to rely on the ActivePerl distribution from ActiveState, which bundled a full Tcl/Tk installation, as well as the Tkx module. Unfortunately, as of this writing, there is not a macOS version of ActivePerl available.

Install ActiveTcl

The «ActiveTcl» distribution from ActiveState contains the latest Tk, as well as the latest version of Tcl (which Perl’s Tk bindings use internally to talk to Tk). In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActiveTcl. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it. Again, make sure you’re downloading an 8.6.x version.

Run the installer and everything will be loaded onto your machine.

Install Perl

Next, you’ll want to install Perl. There are multiple ways to do this, as explained at www.perl.org. One option is to use a package manager like Homebrew. Once it’s been installed (at /usr/local/bin/brew ) you can install Ruby from a command prompt (e.g. Terminal) via:

The initial «%» is the Unix shell prompt; you don’t have to type it.

That should put the Perl binaries in /usr/local/opt/perl/bin ). You can check this via brew info perl . Below, where we use perl , make sure you’re running the version you just installed. One way to do that is specifying the full path.

Install Tkx

Next, you’ll need to download and install Perl’s Tkx module. We can grab it from CPAN. Unfortunately, at present it will not install correctly due to errors in its tests. We can bypass the tests and install it anyway. To do so, from the command prompt, run:

The Tkx module will look for installed versions of Tcl and Tk in /Library/Frameworks , which is where ActiveTcl puts them.

To check that this worked, run this from the Unix command line:

This will return the version of Tcl/Tk that it found. It should be something like «8.6.9».

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609.2 and Perl 5.32.0 via Homebrew on macOS 10.15.6.

Installing Tk on Windows

Install Tk for Python (Tkinter) on Windows

Tkinter (and, since Python 3.1, ttk, which is the interface to the newer themed widgets) is included in the Python standard library. We highly recommend installing Python using the standard binary distributions from python.org. These will automatically install Tcl/Tk, which of course, is needed by Tkinter.

If you’re instead building Python from source code, the Visual Studio projects included in the «PCbuild» directory can automatically fetch and compile Tcl/Tk on your system.

Once you’ve installed or compiled Python, test it out to make sure Tkinter works. From the Python prompt, enter these two commands:

This should pop up a small window; the first line at the top of the window should say «This is Tcl/Tk version 8.6»; make sure it is not 8.4 or 8.5!

Get an error saying «No module named tkinter» ? You’re probably using Python 2. This tutorial assumes Python 3.

You can also get the exact version of Tcl/Tk that is being used with:

It should return something like ‘8.6.9’.

Verified using Python 3.9.0rc1 binary installer from python.org (containing Tcl/Tk 8.6.9) on Windows 10 version 1809.

Install Tk for Tcl on Windows

On Windows, the easiest way to get Tcl/Tk onto your machine is to install the «ActiveTcl» distribution from ActiveState, which includes Tcl, Tk, plus a number of other extension libraries.

In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActiveTcl for Windows. Make sure you’re downloading an 8.6.x version. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it.

Run the installer, and follow along. You’ll end up with a fresh install of ActiveTcl, usually located in C:\ActiveTcl. From a command prompt, you should then be able to run a Tcl/Tk 8.6 shell via:

This should pop up a small window titled «wish», which will contain your application. A second, larger window titled «Console» is where you can type in Tcl/Tk commands. To verify the exact version of Tcl/Tk that you are running, type the following:

We want this to be returning something like ‘8.6.9’.

Type «exit» in the console window to exit. You may also want to add C:\ActiveTcl\bin to your PATH environment variable.

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609-2 on Windows 10.

Install Tk for Ruby (Ruby/Tk) on Windows

Ruby/Tk is the binding for Tk. In the distant past, installing it on your Windows machine used to be pure hell, involving installing a separate version of Tcl/Tk, downloading a development environment like Visual Studio, downloading the Ruby source code, carefully compiling Ruby, .

Luckily, it is now only mildly painful, thanks to the good folks behind RubyInstaller for Windows.

The one-click installer used to include everything you needed to run Ruby/Tk, including the underlying Tcl/Tk libraries. Unfortunately, Tk was removed from the Ruby standard library (stdlib) in version 2.4, and made available as an external gem. RubyInstaller followed suit.

Install ActiveTcl

First, you’ll need to install Tcl/Tk.

On Windows, the easiest way to get Tcl/Tk onto your machine is to install the «ActiveTcl» distribution from ActiveState, which includes Tcl, Tk, plus a number of other extension libraries.

In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActiveTcl for Windows. Make sure you’re downloading an 8.6.x version. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it.

Run the installer, and follow along. You’ll end up with a fresh install of ActiveTcl in C:\ActiveTcl.

Install Ruby

Next, go to rubyinstaller.org. Download and run the installer, which will install everything into the directory you choose, e.g. C:\Ruby26 .

Install Ruby/Tk

Next, you’ll need to download and install Ruby’s Tk module, which is packaged as a Ruby gem. To do so, open a command prompt and run:

The initial «%» is the Unix shell prompt; you don’t have to type it.

Tell Ruby Where to Find ActiveTcl

You’re not done yet. If you try to use Tk from Ruby, it will complain that it can’t find the underlying Tcl/Tk libraries. We’ll need to do a couple of things to fix that.

First, Ruby needs to find the tcl86t.dll and tk86t.dll shared libraries. These are located in C:\ActiveTcl\bin . Make a copy of them somewhere Ruby can find them, e.g. C:\Ruby26\bin .

Second, the Tcl and Tk shared libraries will look for a bunch of initialization and other scripts which were installed as part of ActiveTcl. The best way to specify where to find them is to set the TCL_LIBRARY and TK_LIBRARY system environment variables.

This can be done in the Windows control panel (or search for «system environment variables» from the taskbar). In Windows 10, you’ll find a button labelled «Environment Variables. » in the «Advanced» tab of «System Properties». Add these system variables:

If you’re running a shell via command prompt you’ll need to restart it to see those new additions.

To verify the version of Tk, start up your newly installed copy of ‘irb’ (which would have been installed in C:\Ruby26\bin ), and type:

The first line should load Ruby/Tk. The second line will return the version of Tk that you’re running, which should be something like «8.6.9».

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609-2, RubyInstaller Ruby+DevKit 2.6.6-1 on Windows 10 version 1809.

Install Tk for Perl (Tkx) on Windows

For modern Tk programming using Perl, the «Tkx» module is highly recommended, and we’ll be using that here. The easiest way to get set up is to use the «ActivePerl» distribution from www.activestate.com.

The «ActivePerl» distribution from ActiveState includes not only Perl, but also recent versions of Tk and Tcl (which Tkx uses internally to talk to Tk). In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActivePerl. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it.

Run the installer and everything will be loaded onto your machine. On our machine, perl.exe was installed at «C:\Perl64\bin»

To find out what version of Tk Perl and Tkx are using, run this from the Windows command prompt:

We want this to be returning something like «8.5.13».

Versions of ActivePerl prior to 5.10 (and some of the first 5.10 builds) included earlier versions of Tcl/Tk (8.4.x rather than 8.5.x). Use a more recent version, and and verify that you do have Tk 8.5 or newer.

Verified install using ActivePerl 5.28 on Windows 10 version 1809.

Installing Tk on Linux

Install Tk for Python (Tkinter) on Linux/X11

Tkinter (and, since Python 3.1, ttk, which is the interface to the newer themed widgets) is included in the Python standard library. It relies on Tcl/Tk being installed on your system. Depending on how you install Python, this may not happen automatically.

Remember, we’re using Python 3.x here, not 2.x.

You have several different options to get Python and Tkinter onto your machine. We’ll show you two, using your distro’s package manager, or compiling from source.

Option 1. Your Linux Distribution’s Package Manager

Currently supported Linux distributions usually install a recent version of Python 3.x by default. If not, they have a package (.deb, .rpm, etc.) that you can install using their package manager. This is usually the easiest way to install Python.

However, after you’re done installing Python, you should verify that Tkinter works correctly. Start up a Python shell (e.g. /usr/bin/python3 ) and verify the install (see below).

You may find that when you try to import tkinter that you get an error. Sometimes it will tell you that you need to install another package. If so, follow the instructions, and try again. It may also just give you Python’s standard error message: «ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘tkinter'» .

If you’re getting an error saying «No module named tkinter» (without the single quotes around the module name), you’re probably using Python 2. This tutorial assumes Python 3.

Sometimes Linux distributions separate out their Tkinter support into a separate package. That saves installing the Tcl/Tk libraries for people who are using Python but not Tkinter. If so, you’ll need to find and install this package, which will also ensure that an appropriate version of the Tcl/Tk libraries are installed on your system.

For example, running Ubuntu 20.04LTS, Python 3.8.2 is already installed. However, to use Tkinter, you need to install a separate package, named python3-tk :

In this case, that package provides Tcl/Tk 8.6.x libraries to be used with Python.

Option 2. Install Tcl/Tk and Compile the Standard Python Distribution

If you’d like to use the standard source distribution from python.org, you can certainly do that.

But to do so, you’ll need to get the Tcl and Tk include files and libraries loaded on your machine first. Again, while there are several ways to do that, the easiest is to download and install ActiveTcl.

Another option would be to install the Tk development package, e.g. tk8.6-dev via your package manager.

In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com/products/activetcl. Download the latest version of ActiveTcl for Linux. Make sure you’re downloading an 8.6 or newer version. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it. After it’s downloaded, unpack it, run the installer ( sudo ./install.sh ), and follow along. You’ll end up with a fresh install of ActiveTcl, located in e.g. /opt/ActiveTcl-8.6 .

Next, download the current Python 3.x source distribution from python.org, and unpack it. On your configure line, you’ll need to tell it how to find the version of Tcl/Tk you installed. Then build as usual:

If you installed tk8.6-dev via your package manager instead of using ActiveTcl, the include files should be found in /usr/include/tcl8.6 , and the libraries libtcl8.6.so and libtk8.6.so should be in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu .

Make sure to verify your install (see below).

Didn’t work? There may have been an error compiling Python’s tkinter code. To check, from the main Python source directory, try touch Modules/_tkinter.c (note the underscore) and then make to recompile it. Watch closely for error messages.

The most common thing is that the way you specified the Tcl/Tk include and libraries needs to be changed somehow. Or if you get messages that certain include files can’t be found (e.g. X11/Xlib.h ) you may need to install additional packages on your Linux distribution (e.g. apt-get install libx11-dev ). Once you get it to compile without errors, don’t forget to make install .

Verifying your Install

At the Python command prompt, enter these two commands:

This should pop up a small window; the first line at the top of the window should say «This is Tcl/Tk version 8.6»; make sure it is not 8.4!

If it gives you an error when you try to import tkinter (e.g. «If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk»), something hasn’t been set up correctly. If you compiled Python yourself, see above to check for compile errors.

Get an error saying «No module named tkinter» ? You’re probably using Python 2. This tutorial assumes Python 3.

You can also get the exact version of Tcl/Tk that is being used with:

It should return something like ‘8.6.9’.

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609.2 and Python 3.90rc1 source code from python.org on Ubuntu 20.04LTS.

Install Tk for Tcl on Linux/X11

Using a Package Manager

Pretty much all Linux distributions have Tcl/Tk packages available via their package managers, e.g., apt . Usually there are a variety of packages, providing libraries, command-line tools, development options if you’re building extensions, and many more. On Ubuntu and many other distributions, apt install tk8.6 should be enough to install /usr/bin/wish8.6 , which you’ll use to run your Tcl/Tk programs.

Using ActiveTcl

Another option is to install the «ActiveTcl» distribution from ActiveState, which includes Tcl, Tk, plus a number of other extension libraries.

In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActiveTcl for Linux. Make sure you’re downloading an 8.6.x version. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it.

Unpack it, and run the installer ( sudo ./install.sh ), and follow along. You’ll end up with a fresh install of ActiveTcl, located in /opt/ActiveTcl-8.6. You should then be able to run a Tcl/Tk 8.6 shell via:

This should pop up a window titled «wish8.6». To verify the exact version of Tcl/Tk that you are running, from the Wish prompt (in the terminal window) type the following:

We want this to be returning something like ‘8.6.9’. Type a control-D at the prompt in the terminal window to exit. You may also want to add /opt/ActiveTcl-8.6/bin to your Unix path.

Verified install using ActiveTcl 8.6.9.8609.2 on Ubuntu 20.04LTS.

Install Tk for Ruby (Ruby/Tk) on Linux/X11

To get Ruby/Tk working on Linux, we’ll rely on your distribution’s package manager. The package names and commands shown here are for Ubuntu, and may be different on your system.

Because Ruby/Tk is an add-on gem, it needs to be compiled on your system. That means we’re going to need to install the development versions of the Tcl/Tk libraries ( tk8.6-dev ) as well as Ruby ( ruby2.7-dev plus ruby2.7 for the command-line tools like irb and gem ]). This will also ensure we have the necessary compilers, dependent libraries like X11, and so on.

The initial «%» is the Unix shell prompt; you don’t have to type it.

Finally, you can install the Ruby/Tk binding with:

To verify that everything worked, start up irb and type:

The first line should load Ruby/Tk; typically if there was a problem with compiling it would show up here. The second line will return the version of Tk that you’re running, which should be something like «8.6.10».

Verified install using tk8.6-dev 8.6.10-1, ruby2.7.0 on Ubuntu 20.04LTS.

Install Tk for Perl (Tkx) on Linux/X11

For modern Tk programming using Perl, the «Tkx» module is highly recommended, and we’ll be using that here. The easiest way to get set up is to use the «ActivePerl» distribution from www.activestate.com.

The «ActivePerl» distribution from ActiveState includes not only Perl, but also recent versions of Tk and Tcl (which Tkx uses internally to talk to Tk). In your web browser, go to www.activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActivePerl. Note that you will need to create an account with ActiveState (no cost) to download it.

Run the installer and everything will be loaded onto your machine, in e.g. /opt/ActivePerl-5.28.

To find out what version of Tk Perl and Tkx are using, run this from the command line:

We want this to be returning something like «8.5.13».

Versions of ActivePerl prior to 5.10 (and some of the first 5.10 builds) included earlier versions of Tcl/Tk (8.4.x rather than 8.5.x). Use a more recent version, and and verify that you do have Tk 8.5 or newer.

Verified install using ActivePerl 5.28.1 on Ubuntu 20.04LTS.

The Obligatory First Program

To make sure that everything actually did work, let’s try to run a «Hello World» program in Tk. While for something this short, you could just type it in directly to the interpreter, instead use your favorite text editor to put it in a file.

Save this to a file named «hello.py». From a command prompt, type:

Couldn’t find hello.py? You might be looking in the wrong directory. Try providing the full path to hello.py.

Save this to a file named «hello.tcl». From the wish shell, type:

Couldn’t find hello.tcl? You might be looking in the wrong directory. You can either give the full path to hello.tcl, or use Tcl’s pwd and cd commands to see what directory you’re in, and change to a different one.

Save this to a file named «hello.rb». Start up [tk::inl «irb»], and from the command prompt, type:

Couldn’t find hello.rb? You might be looking in the wrong directory. You can either give the full path to hello.rb, or use Ruby’s Dir.pwd and Dir.chdir commands to see what directory you’re in, and change to a different one.

Note that there are two underscores between «ttk» and «button».

Save this to a file named «hello.pl». From a command prompt, type:

Couldn’t find hello.pl? You might be looking in the wrong directory. Try providing the full path to hello.pl.

Not working? Are you sure you’re using an 8.5 or newer version of Tcl/Tk? See the install chapter.

Our first program. Some work left to do before the IPO.

Spotted a mistake? Couldn’t find what you were looking for? Suggestions? Let me know!
If you’ve found this tutorial useful, please check out Modern Tkinter.

Источник