Linux resize gpt partition

2 easy methods to extend/shrink resize primary partition in Linux

Table of Contents

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Earlier I had shared steps to create a file system and check file system type in Linux . Now in this article I will share the steps to resize primary partition, here we will extend non lvm root partition. With LVM it is far more easier and less riskier to change size of partition in an volume group in Linux .

• This article covers steps to resize primary partition (non-lvm) which can be dangerous and can leave your Linux system in an unusable broken state. It is important that you backup your content before you attempt to change size of partition.
• You can change size of partition (non-lvm) only on the last partition on the storage device with unallocated space. If the respective partition is not the last partition then the only way to expand partition is to backup your data , rebuild the disk and partitions, then restore the data. No tool such as gparted, parted or fdisk can help you change size of partition in such case.
• You must have some unallocated space or free space available in the concerned device to be able to expand partition. In some of the virtual environment you have an option to change the storage device size but on physical node if there is no enough unallocated space then resize primary partition (extend non lvm root partition) is not possible
• This article assumes you’re using either a GPT partition table, or an msdos partition table using primary partition types to extend non lvm root partition.

Lab Environment to resize primary partition (RHEL/CentOS 7/8) in Linux

I have performed resize primary partition operation on Virtual Machine running on Oracle VirtualBox installed on Linux server . My VM is running with CentOS 8 but I have also verified these steps on RHEL/CentOS 7 and RHEL 8 Linux.

Here my VM is installed on /dev/sda device where /dev/sda1 is boot partition, /dev/sda2 is root while /dev/sda3 is for swap.. Additionally I have left some unallocated free space in /dev/sda for the demonstration of this article to extend non lvm root partition.

Method 1: Change size of partition using parted CLI utility

You can either use gparted (GUI utility) or parted (CLI utility) to change size of partition in Linux. Here we plan to resize primary partition which in our case is /dev/sda.

List available partitions

To list the available partitions in /dev/sda we will execute below command

As I mentioned in the disclaimer section, you can change size of partition only on the last partition of the device but here root partition ( /dev/sda2 ) is not the last one instead swap ( /dev/sda3 ) is my last partition. So to expand root partition I must delete swap device to be able to to use unallocated space and extend non lvm root partition. After deleting swap, root partition will become the last partition on /dev/sda after which we can resize primary partition.

Disable swap partition

Currently I have around 1GB reserved for swap partition

I will turn off my swap (disable swap partition) and use this space to extend non lvm root partition in Linux

Verify the swap partition space, as you see not it is 0

Update /etc/fstab to make sure swap partition is not mounted at boot up stage.

Delete swap and expand partition

Now to resize primary partition /dev/sda2 and expand partition to a new value we must first delete swap partition using parted utility. As we need root partition to be the last partition of /dev/sda before we expand partition.

But our root partition is showing the same size as earlier i.e.

To complete the steps to resize non lvm root partition, execute resizefs to expand partition and refresh the changes

Re-verify the new size of root partition to make sure our steps to extend non lvm root partition was successful.

Re-create swap partition

Now we must create Swap partition which we deleted earlier in this article. We will again use parted utility to create swap partition

Now with parted we only created a partition with file system type as swap. Use mkswap to turn this partition into swap.

Next we must update /etc/fstab with the UUID of our new swap partition. To get the new UUID of swap partition

Update this UUID in /etc/fstab as shown below

Finally turn on the new swap partition

Verify the new swap partition

Now you can reboot your Linux server to make sure everything is OK and resize primary partition was successful.

Method 2: Change size of partition using fdisk utility

Similar to parted command, you can also use fdisk utility to resize primary partition and extend non lvm root partition.

List available partitions

Before we resize primary partition, let us list the available partitions

Now as you see my existing root partition /dev/sda2 size is

10G . Here we will expand partition with +1GB using unallocated disk space from /dev/sda .

Delete swap partition

Currently my swap partition is enabled and is the last partition of /dev/sda . So we must first delete swap partition here before we change size of partition as we need root to be the last partition in /dev/sda

So we will turn off the swap partition before we disable it

Now it is time to use fdisk utility to resize partition

Part 1 — Resize root partition

We will continue with the steps to extend non lvm root partition in the same fdisk session. Note down the start sector of the root partition before you expand partition.

Create swap partition

After we resize primary partition, in the same fdisk session we will also create a new swap partition which we had deleted initially with new start and end sector

Update the kernel regarding the recent changes we did to change size of partition

But our swap partition is still shown as 0

Now let us complete our steps to create swap partition using mkswap

Next update /etc/fstab with the UUID for your new swap partition. You can use blkid to get the UUID

Update the same in /etc/fstab as shown below

Now you can turn on the swap partition

Verify the same using free command

Part 2 — Resize root partition

If not done already in above steps, once you exit fdisk utility, update the kernel regarding the recent changes we did to change size of partition

We are not done with resize primary partition, as df command still shows old partition size for root partition

Execute resize2fs to expand partition on /dev/sda2 with the new changes

Now you can verify the new size of root partition

Lastly I hope the steps from the article to resize primary partition and extend non lvm root partition on RHEL/CentOS 7/8 Linux was helpful. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.

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Расширение диска или раздела Linux

В инструкции рассмотрены сценарии расширения дискового пространства разделов в Linux без потери информации.

Принцип увеличения диска:

1. Расширение раздела.
2. Изменение размера файловой системы.

В зависимости от типа раздела и файловой системы, действия различаются.

Любая работа с диском несет риск потери информации. Перед началом работ убедитесь в наличие резервных копий ценных данных.

Шаг 1. Расширение раздела

Обычные тома

Допустим, есть диск /dev/sdb и раздел /dev/sdb2, который нужно увеличить.

Сначала необходимо отмонтировать раздел:

В случае работы с корневой директорией, отмонтировать ее не получиться. В таком случае необходимо загрузить компьютер с LiveCD.

Подключаемся утилитой fdisk к /dev/sdb:

Если мы работаем с разделом более чем 2Тб, используем утилиту parted.

Смотрим номера разделов:

Удаляем раздел (не переживайте — все данные сохраняются):

* в моем примере, раздел для удаления на второй позиции.

Создаем новый раздел:

Номер раздела — 2:

На запрос начального и конечного секторов просто нажимаем Enter.

Если раздел был загрузочный, добавляем соответствующий флаг:

Еще раз проверяем, что получилось:

LVM-тома расширяются на лету, даже для корневых разделов. В данном примере, работаем с /dev/sda.

Открываем диск утилитой fdisk:

* напомню, что при работе с диском 2Тб и более, следует использовать утилиту parted.

Создаем еще один раздел:

Номер раздела оставляем тот, который предлагает система (просто нажимаем Enter).

Первый и последний сектора также оставляем по умолчанию для использования всего дискового пространства (еще два раза Enter).

Задаем тип раздела:

Выбираем номер раздела (в моем примере создавался раздел 3):

Командой L можно посмотреть список всех типов, но нас интересует конкретный — LVM (8e):

Проинформируем систему, что в таблице разделов произошли изменения:

Создаем физический том из нового раздела:

Смотрим наши Volume Group и для нужного добавляем созданный том:

vgextend vg_centos /dev/sda3

* в моем примере группа томов LVM называется vg_centos

Смотрим LVM-разделы и расширяем пространства для нужного:

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_centos/lv_root

* данная команда расширяем LVM-раздел /dev/vg_centos/lv_root, используя все свободное пространство (100%FREE).

Шаг 2. Изменение размера для файловой системы

После того, как на предыдущем шаге мы расширили раздел, система по-прежнему будет видеть старый по объему диск. Чтобы это исправить, необходимо выполнить команду по изменению размера файловой системы. В зависимости от последней, команды различаются.

Посмотреть файловую систему:

ext2/ext3/ext4:

XFS:

Reiserfs:

* обратите внимание, что в данных примерах используются различные устройства.

Если раздел был отмонтирован, монтируем его, например:

mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

Проверяем, что настройки применились:

Увеличение разделов с Gparted

Если работы выполняются на системе с графическим интерфейсом или есть возможность перезагрузить сервер и загрузиться с LiveCD, можно воспользоваться простым средством — утилитой Gparted, которая позволяем менять размер разделов мышкой.

Запускаем утилиту — выбираем диск, с которым будем работать — кликаем правой кнопкой по разделу, который хотим увеличить и выбираем Resize/Move:

В открывшемся окне с помощью мышки или форм меняем размер раздела:

Нажимаем кнопку Resize/Move.

Проверяем изменения в окне программы и сохраняем настройки кнопкой «Apply All Operations»:

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Resize an OS disk that has a GPT partition

Applies to: вњ”пёЏ Linux VMs вњ”пёЏ Flexible scale sets

This article applies only to OS disks that have a GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition.

This article describes how to increase the size of an OS disk that has a GPT partition in Linux.

Identify whether the OS disk has an MBR or GPT partition

Use the parted command to identify if the disk partition has been created with either a master boot record (MBR) partition or a GPT partition.

MBR partition

In the following output, Partition Table shows a value of msdos. This value identifies an MBR partition.

GPT partition

In the following output, Partition Table shows a value of gpt. This value identifies a GPT partition.

If your virtual machine (VM) has a GPT partition on your OS disk, increase the size of the OS disk.

Increase the size of the OS disk

The following instructions apply to Linux-endorsed distributions.

Before you proceed, make a backup copy of your VM, or take a snapshot of your OS disk.

Ubuntu

To increase the size of the OS disk in Ubuntu 16.x and 18.x:

1. Stop the VM.
2. Increase the size of the OS disk from the portal.
3. Restart the VM, and then sign in to the VM as a root user.
4. Verify that the OS disk now displays an increased file system size.

In the following example, the OS disk has been resized from the portal to 100 GB. The /dev/sda1 file system mounted on / now displays 97 GB.

To increase the size of the OS disk in SUSE 12 SP4, SUSE SLES 12 for SAP, SUSE SLES 15, and SUSE SLES 15 for SAP:

1. Stop the VM.
2. Increase the size of the OS disk from the portal.
3. Restart the VM.

When the VM has restarted, complete these steps:

Access your VM as a root user by using this command:

Use the following command to install the growpart package, which you’ll use to resize the partition:

Use the lsblk command to find the partition mounted on the root of the file system (/). In this case, we see that partition 4 of device sda is mounted on /:

Resize the required partition by using the growpart command and the partition number determined in the preceding step:

Run the lsblk command again to check whether the partition has been increased.

The following output shows that the /dev/sda4 partition has been resized to 46.5 GB:

Identify the type of file system on the OS disk by using the lsblk command with the -f flag:

Based on the file system type, use the appropriate commands to resize the file system.

For xfs, use this command:

For ext4, use this command:

Verify the increased file system size for df -Th by using this command:

In the preceding example, we can see that the file system size for the OS disk has been increased.

RHEL with LVM

Access your VM as a root user by using this command:

Use the lsblk command to determine which logical volume (LV) is mounted on the root of the file system (/). In this case, we see that rootvg-rootlv is mounted on /. If you want another file system, substitute the LV and mount point throughout this article.

Check whether there’s free space in the LVM volume group (VG) that contains the root partition. If there is free space, skip to step 12.

In this example, the line Free PE / Size shows that there’s 38.02 GB free in the volume group. You don’t need to resize the disk before you add space to the volume group.

To increase the size of the OS disk in RHEL 7.x with LVM:

1. Stop the VM.
2. Increase the size of the OS disk from the portal.
3. Start the VM.

When the VM has restarted, complete the following step:

• Install the cloud-utils-growpart package to provide the growpart command, which is required to increase the size of the OS disk and the gdisk handler for GPT disk layouts. These packages are preinstalled on most marketplace images.

Determine which disk and partition holds the LVM physical volume or volumes (PV) in the volume group named rootvg by using the pvscan command. Note the size and free space listed between the brackets ([ and ]).

Verify the size of the partition by using lsblk .

Expand the partition that contains this PV by using growpart , the device name, and the partition number. Doing so will expand the specified partition to use all the free contiguous space on the device.

Verify that the partition has resized to the expected size by using the lsblk command again. Notice that in the example sda4 has changed from 63 GB to 95 GB.

Expand the PV to use the rest of the newly expanded partition:

Verify that the new size of the PV is the expected size, comparing it to the original [size / free] values:

Expand the desired logical volume (LV) by the amount you want. The amount doesn’t need to be all the free space in the volume group. In the following example, /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv is resized from 2 GB to 12 GB (an increase of 10 GB). This command will also resize the file system.

The lvresize command automatically calls the appropriate resize command for the file system in the LV. Check whether /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv, which is mounted on /, has an increased file system size by using this command:

To use the same procedure to resize any other logical volume, change the LV name in step 12.

RHEL RAW

To increase the size of the OS disk in an RHEL RAW partition:

1. Stop the VM.
2. Increase the size of the OS disk from the portal.
3. Start the VM.

When the VM has restarted, complete these steps:

Access your VM as a root user by using the following command:

When the VM has restarted, complete the following step:

• Install the cloud-utils-growpart package to provide the growpart command, which is required to increase the size of the OS disk and the gdisk handler for GPT disk layouts. This package is preinstalled on most marketplace images.

Use the lsblk -f command to verify the partition and filesystem type holding the root (/) partition:

For verification, start by listing the partition table of the sda disk with gdisk. In this example, we see a 48-GB disk with partition 2 at 29.0 GiB. The disk was expanded from 30 GB to 48 GB in the Azure portal.

Expand the partition for root, in this case sda2 by using the growpart command. Using this command expands the partition to use all of the contiguous space on the disk.

Now print the new partition table with gdisk again. Notice that partition 2 has expanded to 47.0 GiB:

Expand the filesystem on the partition with xfs_growfs, which is appropriate for a standard marketplace-generated RedHat system:

Verify the new size is reflected by using the df command:

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