Linux script download file

5 Linux Command Line Based Tools for Downloading Files and Browsing Websites

Linux command-line, the most adventurous and fascinating part of GNU/Linux is a very cool and powerful tool. A command-line itself is very productive and the availability of various inbuilt and third-party command-line applications makes Linux robust and powerful. The Linux Shell supports a variety of web applications of various kinds be it torrent downloader, dedicated downloader, or internet surfing.

5 Command-Line Internet Tools

Here we are presenting 5 great command line Internet tools, which are very useful and prove to be very handy in downloading files in Linux.

1. rTorrent

rTorrent is a text­-based BitTorrent client which is written in C++ aimed at high performance. It is available for most of the standard Linux distributions including FreeBSD and Mac OS X.

Installation of rTorrent in Linux

Check if rtorrent is installed correctly by running the following command in the terminal.

rTorrent Command Line Tool

Functioning of rTorrent

Some of the useful Key-bindings and their use.

• CTRL+ q – Quit rTorrent Application
• CTRL+ s – Start Download
• CTRL+ d – Stop an active Download or Remove an already stopped Download.
• CTRL+ k – Stop and Close an active Download.
• CTRL+ r – Hash Check a torrent before Upload/Download Begins.
• CTRL+ q – When this key combination is executed twice, rTorrent shutdown without sending a stop Signal.
• Left Arrow Key – Redirect to Previous screen.
• Right Arrow Key – Redirect to Next Screen

2. Wget

Wget is a part of the GNU Project, the name is derived from World Wide Web (WWW). Wget is a brilliant tool that is useful for recursive download, offline viewing of HTML from a local Server and is available for most of the platforms be it Windows, Mac, Linux.

Wget makes it possible to download files over HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP. Moreover, it can be useful in mirroring the whole website as well as support for proxy browsing, pausing/resuming Downloads.

Installation of Wget in Linux

Wget being a GNU project comes bundled with Most of the Standard Linux Distributions and there is no need to download and install it separately. If in case, it’s not installed by default, you can still install it using apt, yum, or dnf.

Basic Usage of Wget Command

Download a single file using wget.

Download a whole website, recursively.

Download specific types of files (say pdf and png) from a website.

Wget is a wonderful tool that enables custom and filtered download even on a limited resource Machine. A screenshot of wget download, where we are mirroring a website (Yahoo.com).

Wget Command Line File Download

For more such wget download examples, read our article that shows 10 Wget Download Command Examples.

3. cURL

a cURL is a command-line tool for transferring data over a number of protocols. cURL is a client-side application that supports protocols like FTP, HTTP, FTPS, TFTP, TELNET, IMAP, POP3, etc.

cURL is a simple downloader that is different from wget in supporting LDAP, POP3 as compared to others. Moreover, Proxy Downloading, pausing download, resuming download are well supported in cURL.

Installation of cURL in Linux

By default, cURL is available in most of the distribution either in the repository or installed. if it’s not installed, just do an apt or yum to get a required package from the repository.

Basic Usage of cURL Command

For more such curl command examples, read our article that shows 15 Tips On How to Use ‘Curl’ Command in Linux.

4. w3m

The w3m is a text-based web browser released under GPL. W3m support tables, frames, color, SSL connection, and inline images. W3m is known for fast browsing.

Installation of w3m in Linux

Again w3m is available by default in most of the Linux Distribution. If in case, it is not available you can always apt or yum the required package.

Basic Usage of w3m Command

5. Elinks

Elinks is a free text-based web browser for Unix and Unix-based systems. Elinks support HTTP, HTTP Cookies and also support browsing scripts in Perl and Ruby.

Tab-based browsing is well supported. The best thing is that it supports Mouse, Display Colours, and supports a number of protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMB, Ipv4, and Ipv6.

Installation of Elinks in Linux

By default elinks also available in most Linux distributions. If not, install it via apt or yum.

Basic Usage of elinks Command

That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with an interesting article which you people will love to read. Till then stay tuned and connected to Tecmint and don’t forget to give your valuable feedback in the comment section.

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2 Ways to Download Files From Linux Terminal

Last updated May 22, 2021 By Abhishek Prakash 4 Comments

If you are stuck to the Linux terminal, say on a server, how do you download a file from the terminal?

There is no download command in Linux but there are a couple of Linux commands for downloading file.

In this terminal trick, you’ll learn two ways to download file using command line in Linux.

I am using Ubuntu here but apart from the installation, rest of the commands are equally valid for all other Linux distributions.

Download files from Linux terminal using wget command

wget is perhaps the most used command line download manager for Linux and UNIX-like systems. You can download a single file, multiple files, entire directory or even an entire website using wget.

wget is non-interactive and can easily work in the background. This means you can easily use it in scripts or even build tools like uGet download manager.

Let’s see how to use wget to download file from terminal.

Installing wget

Most Linux distributions come with wget preinstalled. It is also available in the repository of most distributions and you can easily install it using your distribution’s package manager.

On Ubuntu and Debian based distribution, you can use the apt package manager command:

Download a file or webpage using wget

You just need to provide the URL of the file or webpage. It will download the file with its original name in the directory you are in.

To download multiple files, you’ll have to save their URLs in a text file and provide that text file as input to wget like this:

Download files with a different name using wget

You’ll notice that a webpage is almost always saved as index.html with wget. It will be a good idea to provide custom name to downloaded file.

You can use the -O (uppercase O) option to provide the output filename while downloading.

Download a folder using wget

Suppose you are browsing an FTP server and you need to download an entire directory, you can use the recursive option

Download an entire website using wget

Yes, you can totally do that. You can mirror an entire website with wget. By downloading an entire website I mean the entire public facing website structure.

While you can use the mirror option -m directly, it will be a good idea add:

• –convert-links : links are converted so that internal links are pointed to downloaded resource instead of web
• –page-requisites: downloads additional things like style sheets so that the pages look better offline

Bonus Tip: Resume incomplete downloads

If you aborted the download by pressing C for some reasons, you can resume the previous download with option -c.

Download files from Linux command line using curl

Like wget, curl is also one of the most popular commands to download files in Linux terminal. There are so many ways to use curl extensively but I’ll focus on only the simple downloading here.

Installing curl

Though curl doesn’t come preinstalled, it is available in the official repositories of most distributions. You can use your distribution’s package manager to install it.

To install curl on Ubuntu and other Debian based distributions, use the following command:

Download files or webpage using curl

If you use curl without any option with a URL, it will read the file and print it on the terminal screen.

To download a file using curl command in Linux terminal, you’ll have to use the -O (uppercase O) option:

It is simpler to download multiple files in Linux with curl. You just have to specify multiple URLs:

Keep in mind that curl is not as simple as wget. While wget saves webpages as index.html, curl will complain of remote file not having a name for webpages. You’ll have to save it with a custom name as described in the next section.

Download files with a different name

It could be confusing but to provide a custom name for the downloaded file (instead of the original source name), you’ll have to use -o (lowercase O) option:

Some times, curl wouldn’t just download the file as you expect it to. You’ll have to use option -L (for location) to download it correctly. This is because some times the links redirect to some other link and with option -L, it follows the final link.

Pause and resume download with curl

Like wget, you can also resume a paused download using curl with option -c:

Conclusion

As always, there are multiple ways to do the same thing in Linux. Downloading files from the terminal is no different.

wget and curl are just two of the most popular commands for downloading files in Linux. There are more such command line tools. Terminal based web-browsers like elinks, w3m etc can also be used for downloading files in command line.

Personally, for a simple download, I prefer using wget over curl. It is simpler and less confusing because you may have a difficult time figuring out why curl could not download a file in the expected format.

Your feedback and suggestions are welcome.

Like what you read? Please share it with others.

About Abhishek Prakash

Creator of It’s FOSS. An ardent Linux user & open source promoter. Huge fan of classic detective mysteries ranging from Agatha Christie and Sherlock Holmes to Detective Columbo & Ellery Queen. Also a movie buff with a soft corner for film noir.

it did not woerck

uget GUI seems much more proficient than wget at the terminal.

Tried wget on your page about how to use wget and it hangs on “connecting to itsfoss………..” but worked on a “pocket” page.

I’ve found that Aria2 is a much better way to download files, especially large ones like Linux LiveUSB ISOs. There’s so much Aria2 can do, which is why it is always on my list of the packages I always install first onto newly installed distros or even ones I’m trying out as LiveUSBs.

With Aria2 you can set download speed, so you don’t eat up bandwidth while doing something else that requires it. It has many other features like resuming unfinished DLs among many others.

One of my absolute favorite features is that Aria2 can also be used to both download and upload Torrents as a peer and seeder! It can do this by first downloading the .torrent file, which when finished will automatically begin downloading the contents of that file, or can be used by copying over the magnet-link. I think there’s even a way to do this with the torrent hash as well.

Or install it with:
sudo apt install aria2
pacman – S aria2

It’s also available for Solus and Sabayin with these commands (I think):
sudo eopkg install aria2
sudo equo install aria2

I primarily use Debian and Arch, so those are the only two I have memorized. I’ve tested Solus and Sabayon quite a bit too, that’s why I’m pretty sure those are the proper commands for those distros.

There’s obviously ways to install it with other distros like Fedora using dnf, but I’m not familiar with that package manager and don’t want to give incorrect info. I’d also be surprised if Aria2 isn’t available as a snap package.

Aria2’s homepage will give details about installing it in a myriad of package managers. It’s help page will also show all the other details like setting the aforementioned download speed, setting the parameters for downloading and seeding torrents, and many, many others!

You should definitely consider switching from Wget and Curl over to Aria2!

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How to download a file with curl on Linux/Unix command line

How to download a file with curl command

The basic syntax:

1. Grab files with curl run: curl https://your-domain/file.pdf
2. Get files using ftp or sftp protocol: curl ftp://ftp-your-domain-name/file.tar.gz
3. You can set the output file name while downloading file with the curl, execute: curl -o file.pdf https://your-domain-name/long-file-name.pdf
4. Follow a 301-redirected file while downloading files with curl, run: curl -L -o file.tgz http://www.cyberciti.biz/long.file.name.tgz

Let us see some examples and usage about the curl to download and upload files on Linux or Unix-like systems.

Installing curl on Linux or Unix

By default curl is installed on many Linux distros and Unix-like systems. But, we can install it as follows:
## Debian/Ubuntu Linux use the apt command/apt-get command ##
$ sudo apt install curl
## Fedora/CentOS/RHEL users try dnf command/yum command ##
$ sudo dnf install curl
## OpenSUSE Linux users try zypper command ##
$ sudo zypper install curl

Verify installation by displaying curl version

Type:
$ curl —version
We see:

Downloading files with curl

The command syntax is:
curl url —output filename
curl https://url -o output.file.name
Let us try to download a file from https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf and save it as output.pdf
curl https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf -o output.pdf
OR
curl https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf —output output.pdf

The -o or —output option allows you to give the downloaded file a different name. If you do not provide the output file name curl will display it to the screen. Let us say you type:
curl —output file.html https://www.cyberciti.biz
We will see progress meter as follows:

The outputs indicates useful information such as:

• % Total : Total size of the whole expected transfer (if known)
• % Received : Currently downloaded number of bytes
• % Xferd : Currently uploaded number of bytes
• Average Dload : Average transfer speed of the entire download so far, in number of bytes per second
• Speed Upload : Average transfer speed of the entire upload so far, in number of bytes per second
• Time Total : Expected time to complete the operation, in HH:MM:SS notation for hours, minutes and seconds
• Time Spent : Time passed since the start of the transfer, in HH:MM:SS notation for hours, minutes and seconds
• Time Left : Expected time left to completion, in HH:MM:SS notation for hours, minutes and seconds
• Current Speed : Average transfer speed over the last 5 seconds (the first 5 seconds of a transfer is based on less time, of course) in number of bytes per second

Resuming interrupted downloads with curl

Pass the -C — to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out:
## Restarting an interrupted download is important task too ##
curl -C — —output bigfilename https://url/file

How to get a single file without giving output name

You can save output file as it is i.e. write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. For example, sticker_book.pdf is a file name for remote URL https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf. One can save it sticker_book.pdf directly without specifying the -o or —output option by passing the -O (capital
curl -O https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf

Downloading files with curl in a single shot

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Dealing with HTTP 301 redirected file

The remote HTTP server might send a different location status code when downloading files. For example, HTTP URLs are often redirected to HTTPS URLs with HTTP/301 status code. Just pass the -L follow the 301 (3xx) redirects and get the final file on your system:
curl -L -O http ://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf

Downloading multiple files or URLs using curl

Try:
curl -O url1 -O url2
curl -O https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/adduser.txt \
-O https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/test-lwp.pl.txt
One can use the bash for loop too:

How to download a file using curl and bash for loop

Grab a password protected file with curl

Try any one of the following syntax
curl ftp://username:passwd@ftp1.cyberciti.biz:21/path/to/backup.tar.gz
curl —ftp-ssl -u UserName:PassWord ftp://ftp1.cyberciti.biz:21/backups/07/07/2012/mysql.blog.sql.tar.gz
curl https://username:passwd@server1.cyberciti.biz/file/path/data.tar.gz
curl -u Username:Password https://server1.cyberciti.biz/file/path/data.tar.gz

Downloading file using a proxy server

Again syntax is as follows:
curl -x proxy-server-ip:PORT -O url
curl -x ‘http://vivek:YourPasswordHere@10.12.249.194:3128’ -v -O https://dl.cyberciti.biz/pdfdownloads/b8bf71be9da19d3feeee27a0a6960cb3/569b7f08/cms/631.pdf

How to use curl command with proxy username/password

Examples

curl command can provide useful information, especially HTTP headers. Hence, one can use such information for debugging server issues. Let us see some examples of curl commands. Pass the -v for viewing the complete request send and response received from the web server.
curl -v url
curl -o output.pdf -v https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf

Getting HTTP headers information without downloading files

Another useful option is to fetch HTTP headers. All HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. For instance, when you want to view the HTTP response headers only without downloading the data or actual files:
curl -I url
curl -I https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/sticker/sticker_book.pdf -o output.pdf

Getting header information for given URL

How do I skip SSL skip when using curl?

If the remote server has a self-signed certificate you may want to skip the SSL checks. Therefore, pass pass the -k option as follows:
curl -k url
curl -k https://www.cyberciti.biz/

Rate limiting download/upload speed

You can specify the maximum transfer rate you want the curl to use for both downloads and uploads files. This feature is handy if you have a limited Internet bandwidth and you would like your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth. The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended. Appending ‘k’ or ‘K’ will count the number as kilobytes, ‘m’ or ‘M’ makes it megabytes, while ‘g’ or ‘G’ makes it gigabytes. For Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G:
curl —limit-rate url
curl —limit-rate 200 https://www.cyberciti.biz/
curl —limit-rate 3m https://www.cyberciti.biz/

Setting up user agent

Some web application firewall will block the default curl user agent while downloading files. To avoid such problems pass the -A option that allows you to set the user agent.
curl -A ‘user agent name’ url
curl -A ‘Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Fedora; Linux x86_64; rv:66.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/66.0’ https://google.com/

Upload files with CURL

The syntax is as follows to upload files:
curl -F «var=@path/to/local/file.pdf» https://url/upload.php
For example, you can upload a file at

/Pictures/test.png to the server https://127.0.0.1/app/upload.php which processes file input with form parameter named img_file, run:
curl -F «img_file=@

/Pictures/test.png» https://127.0.0.1/app/upload.php
One can upload multiple files as follows:
curl -F «img_file1=@

/Pictures/test-1.png» \
-F «img_file2=@

Make curl silent

Want to make hide progress meter or error messages? Try passing the -s or —slient option to turn on curl quiet mode:
curl -s url
curl —silent —output filename https://url/foo.tar.gz

Conclusion

Like most Linux or Unix CLI utilities, you can learn much more about curl command by visiting this help page.

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