Linux software management system

1. Type of software package in Linux

DEB is a file extension in the Debian package format. DEB packageLinux operating systemMedium like a software package (exe) in Windows, almost no complex compilation can be installed through the mouse click. It is the application format of Apple iPhone.

2, RPM (RPM Software Pack Manager)

A kind ofthe InternetDownload the package packaging and installation tool, which is included in some Linux distribution. It generates files with a .rpm extension. RPM is an abbreviation of Red-Hat Package Manager, thisfile formatName although it is redhatSign, But its originaldesign conceptIt is open, including OpenLinux, S.U.S.E. And Turbo Linux, etc.LinuxThe distribution version is used, which can be considered a recognized industry standard.

3、bz2/gz/xz

They are all common compression formats commonly used in Linux, which is usually used to compress source code packages.

1. Require source code, installation needs to be compiled

2, green software, you can use it directly

For example: NTFS-3G_NTFSPROGS-2017.3.23.tgz, Firefox-Latest-86_64.tar.bz2

Note: Only the green software, the source code compile software can be used in RHEL8.

Second, the name and structure of the package

[dhcp-server]-	[4.3.6-30-].	[el8].	[x86_64].	rpm
1	2	3	4	5

1, software name

2, software version

3. Software authorization protocol version

4, software architecture

5, software type suffix

Third, RPM package management command

-ivh	Installation parameter combination, -i, install, -v verbose, -h hash
-a	all
-f	document
-p	Software package
-q	Inquire
-l	Software installation file list
-e	Uninstall
-c	Profile
-d	instruction
—info	Software information
—force	Enforcement
—nodeps	Ignore dependency
—script	Query software runs on the installation or uninstall
—Kv	Detection software MD5 check code
-V	Test information that the file that has been installed in the system is modified.

Fourth, the establishment of local software warehouses

1, the role of system software warehouse

Software is managed in the system. The RPM command cannot resolve dependencies. If the software is required to automatically resolve dependencies during the installation process, you need to build a system software warehouse.

Most of the software in Linux is zero, and its particle size is much smaller than Windows, the dependence between the software is very strong.

Installing software A must take the lead in installing all of the software; uninstalling software A must first uninstall all software dependent a.

2. Construction method

(1) Mirror used when loading the system

Mount mirror on the / SouRedir directory.

(2) Write software warehouse files

Go to the /etc/yum.repos.d directory and find the Westos.repo file for browsing and writing

Note: You can’t go wrong, otherwise bug drops will appear.

(3) Test

Install the GCC software, the test can be installed successfully.

Complete! The display software installation is successful, indicating that the software warehouse has been successfully built.

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Альманах пакетных менеджеров Linux

Иногда может возникнуть вопрос: чьих этот файл, откуда вообще взялась эта библиотека? Удобный менеджер пакетов решает очень многие проблемы ОС. Можно с уверенностью сказать, что если вы подружитесь с МП, то подружитесь и с дистрибутивом как таковым. Причем важно освоить именно набор основных команд, и знать где найти дополнительную информацию.

Далее следует джентльменский набор необходимых для повседневной рутины команд основных Linux дистрибутивов: установить, обновить и удалить пакет, накатить обновления, проверить зависимости, установить принадлежность файла пакету и пр.

Debian и родственные

Популярность и образ дружественного к пользователю Linux дистрибутива сыграли с Ubuntu злую шутку. Некоторым новичкам кажется, что можно на нем делать все, что угодно без помощи командной строки. Это заблуждение и лучше от него поскорее избавиться.

То, что в примерах aptitude не значит, что он правильнее, чем apt-get . Для меня это всего лишь дело привычки.

Некоторые функции доступны с дополнительным МП dpkg .

Есть еще такое чудо — wajig. Несмотря на странное звучание, вполне годный МП с человеко-читабельным выводом информации на экран.

Настройка репозиториев производится правкой файла /etc/apt/sources.list

В целом ПМ Debian один из лучших, с которыми мне доводилось иметь дело.

Redhat и другие RPM дистрибутивы

RPM нельзя назвать образцовым пакетным менеджером, скорее это был кактус, который мыши употребляли в пищу со слезами на глазах. Затем появились более или менее вменяемые МП: yum , dnf , zypper и другие. Только что на сервере RHEL 7.4 yum за раз обновил более 700 пакетов и ничего при этом не сломал, неплохой результат я считаю.

Команды rpm на те случаи, когда использовать yum не с руки.

Чтобы настроить репозитории Yum , откройте файл /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo , или используйте команду yum-config-manager .

Zypper

На SuSE Linux используется Zypper / YaST для управления пакетами, движок ZYpp крутится поверх RPM.

Можно использовать операторы и регулярные выражения.

Управление репозиториями производится командой zypper mr .

Pacman

Этот МП используется в Арче и Manjaro.

Движок поиска в базе данных поддерживает регулярные выражения.

Настройка репозиториев и зеркал производится из файла /etc/pacman.conf

Gentoo emerge

Конечно же это скорее умозрительный сценарий, чем реальный, так как сложно предположить, что красноглазый пользователь Gentoo Linux не знает необходимых опций emerge . Тем не менее, без этого альманах был бы неполным.

С дополнительными утилитами можно получить больше информации о файлах, ненужных пакетах и т. д.

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5 Best Linux Package Managers for Linux Newbies

One thing a new Linux user will get to know as he/she progresses in using it is the existence of several Linux distributions and the different ways they manage packages.

Package management is very important in Linux, and knowing how to use multiple package managers can proof life saving for a power user, since downloading or installing software from repositories, plus updating, handling dependencies and uninstalling software is very vital and a critical section in Linux system Administration.

Best Linux Package Managers

Therefore to become a Linux power user, it is significant to understand how the major Linux distributions actually handle packages and in this article, we shall take a look at some of the best package managers you can find in Linux.

Here, our main focus is on relevant information about some of the best package managers, but not how to use them, that is left to you to discover more. But I will provide meaningful links that point out usage guides and many more.

1. DPKG – Debian Package Management System

Dpkg is a base package management system for the Debian Linux family, it is used to install, remove, store and provide information about .deb packages.

It is a low-level tool and there are front-end tools that help users to obtain packages from remote repositories and/or handle complex package relations and these include:

APT (Advanced Packaging Tool)

It is a very popular, free, powerful and more so, useful command line package management system that is a front end for dpkg package management system.

Users of Debian or its derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint should be familiar with this package management tool.

To understand how it actually works, you can go over these how to guides:

Aptitude Package Manager

This is also a popular command line front-end package management tool for Debian Linux family, it works similar to APT and there have been a lot of comparisons between the two, but above all, testing out both can make you understand which one actually works better.

It was initially built for Debian and its derivatives but now its functionality stretches to RHEL family as well. You can refer to this guide for more understanding of APT and Aptitude:

Synaptic Package Manager

Synaptic is a GUI package management tool for APT based on GTK+ and it works fine for users who may not want to get their hands dirty on a command line. It implements the same features as apt-get command line tool.

2. RPM (Red Hat Package Manager)

This is the Linux Standard Base packing format and a base package management system created by RedHat. Being the underlying system, there several front-end package management tools that you can use with it and but we shall only look at the best and that is:

YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified)

It is an open source and popular command line package manager that works as a interface for users to RPM. You can compare it to APT under Debian Linux systems, it incorporates the common functionalities that APT has. You can get a clear understanding of YUM with examples from this how to guide:

DNF – Dandified Yum

It is also a package manager for the RPM-based distributions, introduced in Fedora 18 and it is the next generation of version of YUM.

If you have been using Fedora 22 onwards, you must have realized that it is the default package manager. Here are some links that will provide you more information about DNF and how to use it:

3. Pacman Package Manager – Arch Linux

It is a popular and powerful yet simple package manager for Arch Linux and some little known Linux distributions, it provides some of the fundamental functionalities that other common package managers provide including installing, automatic dependency resolution, upgrading, uninstalling and also downgrading software.

But most effectively, it is built to be simple for easy package management by Arch users. You can read this Pacman overview which explains into details some of its functions mentioned above.

4. Zypper Package Manager – openSUSE

It is a command line package manager on OpenSUSE Linux and makes use of the libzypp library, its common functionalities include repository access, package installation, resolution of dependencies issues and many more.

Importantly, it can also handle repository extensions such as patterns, patches, and products. New OpenSUSE user can refer to this following guide to master it.

5. Portage Package Manager – Gentoo

It is a package manager for Gentoo, a less popular Linux distribution as of now, but this won’t limit it as one of the best package managers in Linux.

The main aim of the Portage project is to make a simple and trouble free package management system to include functionalities such as backwards compatibility, automation plus many more.

For better understanding, try reading Portage project page.

Concluding Remarks

As I already hinted at the beginning, the main purpose of this guide was to provide Linux users a list of the best package managers but knowing how to use them can be done by following the necessary links provided and trying to test them out.

Users of the different Linux distributions will have to learn more on their own to better understand the different package managers mentioned above.

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5 thoughts on “5 Best Linux Package Managers for Linux Newbies”

1. 

I agree with @dragonmouth Newbies are very scary about terminal and command line (including myself at the beginning). Imagine users used to a perfect graphical interface and switch to one window and just one line that says [[email protected]]

$: that is scary right? that means newbies want a gui! want a graphical interface, not a command-line tool.

I wish Linux writers write that way “Linux is easy to learn even for those who not like it, and not like terminal! ” In this way, I am sure newbies won’t switch back to their previous OS…

sorry for the bad English. It’s not my native language.

Thank you so much for the great topic.

“5 Best Linux Package Managers for Linux NEWBIES” (emphases mine)

The article is an epic, total FAIL.

Linux newbies need (require) applications that they can understand and are intuitive, which means GUI. Of the Package Managers mentioned only Synaptic fits that description. All the other PMs are command-line applications. They use esoteric, byzantine, absolutely non-intuitive commands.

Don’t get me wrong. I am NOT putting down the command line or command-line applications. There are very powerful and useful but not to NEWBIES. To NEWBIES, they are scary, confusing, overwhelming, and off-putting. Declaring that these are the “best” package managers for NEWBIES is the same as declaring that a jumbo jet is the “best” plane to use to learn how to fly. It can be done but how many people will quit along the way discouraged?

Maybe if tech writers emphasized the ease of use of Linux GUI applications for those switching from other O/Ss instead of emphasizing and glorifying the command line, more people would switch to Linux. Even though Windows and OS/X both have a command line, none of the ads for those O/Ss ever mentions that. There are relatively few articles about Windows Power Shell and even fewer about the OS/X command line. At the same time, a majority of Linux articles are on how to use the command line. It is ironic that those that know Linux best and could/should spread its use are the very ones that are driving users from trying it.

Worse than that, why do you compare low-level and high-level managers altogether? This is just unacceptable.

Why are they the best, how do you score them? Wouldn’t that be less confusing to new Linux admins to understand what is important?

For example, a pretty important aspect is conflict management, since this is a common cause of system breakage.

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