Mac os product build

How to create a bootable installer for macOS

You can use an external drive or secondary volume as a startup disk from which to install the Mac operating system.

These advanced steps are primarily for system administrators and others who are familiar with the command line. You don’t need a bootable installer to upgrade macOS or reinstall macOS, but it can be useful when you want to install on multiple computers without downloading the installer each time.

What you need to create a bootable installer

• A USB flash drive or other secondary volume formatted as Mac OS Extended, with at least 14GB of available storage
• A downloaded installer for macOS Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, High Sierra, or El Capitan

Download macOS

• Download: macOS Big Sur, macOS Catalina, macOS Mojave, or macOS High Sierra
  These download to your Applications folder as an app named Install macOS [ version name ]. If the installer opens after downloading, quit it without continuing installation. To get the correct installer, download from a Mac that is using macOS Sierra 10.12.5 or later, or El Capitan 10.11.6. Enterprise administrators, please download from Apple, not a locally hosted software-update server.
• Download: OS X El Capitan
  This downloads as a disk image named InstallMacOSX.dmg. On a Mac that is compatible with El Capitan, open the disk image and run the installer within, named InstallMacOSX.pkg. It installs an app named Install OS X El Capitan into your Applications folder. You will create the bootable installer from this app, not from the disk image or .pkg installer.

Use the ‘createinstallmedia’ command in Terminal

1. Connect the USB flash drive or other volume that you’re using for the bootable installer.
2. Open Terminal, which is in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder.
3. Type or paste one of the following commands in Terminal. These assume that the installer is in your Applications folder, and MyVolume is the name of the USB flash drive or other volume you’re using. If it has a different name, replace MyVolume in these commands with the name of your volume.

Big Sur:*

Catalina:*

Mojave:*

High Sierra:*

El Capitan:

* If your Mac is using macOS Sierra or earlier, include the —applicationpath argument and installer path, similar to the way this is done in the command for El Capitan.

After typing the command:

1. Press Return to enter the command.
2. When prompted, type your administrator password and press Return again. Terminal doesn’t show any characters as you type your password.
3. When prompted, type Y to confirm that you want to erase the volume, then press Return. Terminal shows the progress as the volume is erased.
4. After the volume is erased, you may see an alert that Terminal would like to access files on a removable volume. Click OK to allow the copy to proceed.
5. When Terminal says that it’s done, the volume will have the same name as the installer you downloaded, such as Install macOS Big Sur. You can now quit Terminal and eject the volume.
   

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Build and release a macOS app

This guide provides a step-by-step walkthrough of releasing a Flutter app to the App Store.

Preliminaries

Before beginning the process of releasing your app, ensure that it meets Apple’s App Review Guidelines.

In order to publish your app to the App Store, you must first enroll in the Apple Developer Program. You can read more about the various membership options in Apple’s Choosing a Membership guide.

Register your app on App Store Connect

Manage your app’s life cycle on App Store Connect (formerly iTunes Connect). You define your app name and description, add screenshots, set pricing, and manage releases to the App Store and TestFlight.

Registering your app involves two steps: registering a unique Bundle ID, and creating an application record on App Store Connect.

For a detailed overview of App Store Connect, see the App Store Connect guide.

Register a Bundle ID

Every macOS application is associated with a Bundle ID, a unique identifier registered with Apple. To register a Bundle ID for your app, follow these steps:

1. Open the App IDs page of your developer account.
2. Click + to create a new Bundle ID.
3. Enter an app name, select Explicit App ID, and enter an ID.
4. Select the services your app uses, then click Continue.
5. On the next page, confirm the details and click Register to register your Bundle ID.

Create an application record on App Store Connect

Register your app on App Store Connect:

1. Open App Store Connect in your browser.
2. On the App Store Connect landing page, click My Apps.
3. Click + in the top-left corner of the My Apps page, then select New App.
4. Fill in your app details in the form that appears. In the Platforms section, ensure that iOS is checked. Since Flutter does not currently support tvOS, leave that checkbox unchecked. Click Create.
5. Navigate to the application details for your app and select App Information from the sidebar.
6. In the General Information section, select the Bundle ID you registered in the preceding step.

For a detailed overview, see Add an app to your account.

Review Xcode project settings

This step covers reviewing the most important settings in the Xcode workspace. For detailed procedures and descriptions, see Prepare for app distribution.

Navigate to your target’s settings in Xcode:

1. In Xcode, open Runner.xcworkspace in your app’s macos folder.
2. To view your app’s settings, select the Runner project in the Xcode project navigator. Then, in the main view sidebar, select the Runner target.
3. Select the General tab.

Verify the most important settings.

In the Identity section:

App Category The app category under which your app will be listed on the Mac App Store. This cannot be none. Bundle Identifier The App ID you registered on App Store Connect.

In the Deployment info section:

Deployment Target The minimum macOS version that your app supports. Flutter supports macOS 10.11 and later.

In the Signing & Capabilities section:

Automatically manage signing Whether Xcode should automatically manage app signing and provisioning. This is set true by default, which should be sufficient for most apps. For more complex scenarios, see the Code Signing Guide. Team Select the team associated with your registered Apple Developer account. If required, select Add Account…, then update this setting.

The General tab of your project settings should resemble the following:

Updating the app’s version number

The default version number of the app is 1.0.0 . To update it, navigate to the pubspec.yaml file and update the following line:

The version number is three numbers separated by dots, such as 1.0.0 in the example above, followed by an optional build number such as 1 in the example above, separated by a + .

Both the version and the build number may be overridden in Flutter’s build by specifying —build-name and —build-number , respectively.

In macOS, build-name uses CFBundleShortVersionString while build-number uses CFBundleVersion . Read more about iOS versioning at Core Foundation Keys on the Apple Developer’s site.

Add an app icon

When a new Flutter app is created, a placeholder icon set is created. This step covers replacing these placeholder icons with your app’s icons:

1. Review the macOS App Icon guidelines.
2. In the Xcode project navigator, select Assets.xcassets in the Runner folder. Update the placeholder icons with your own app icons.
3. Verify the icon has been replaced by running your app using flutter run -d macos .

Create a build archive with Xcode

This step covers creating a build archive and uploading your build to App Store Connect using Xcode.

During development, you’ve been building, debugging, and testing with debug builds. When you’re ready to ship your app to users on the App Store or TestFlight, you need to prepare a release build. At this point, you might consider obfuscating your Dart code to make it more difficult to reverse engineer. Obfuscating your code involves adding a couple flags to your build command.

In Xcode, configure the app version and build:

1. In Xcode, open Runner.xcworkspace in your app’s macos folder.
2. Select Runner in the Xcode project navigator, then select the Runner target in the settings view sidebar.
3. In the Identity section, update the Version to the user-facing version number you wish to publish.
4. In the Identity section, update the Build identifier to a unique build number used to track this build on App Store Connect. Each upload requires a unique build number.

Finally, create a build archive and upload it to App Store Connect:

Open Xcode and select Product > Archive. Run flutter build macos to produce a build archive.

Click the Validate App button. If any issues are reported, address them and produce another build. You can reuse the same build ID until you upload an archive.

After the archive has been successfully validated, click Distribute App. You can follow the status of your build in the Activities tab of your app’s details page on App Store Connect.

You should receive an email within 30 minutes notifying you that your build has been validated and is available to release to testers on TestFlight. At this point you can choose whether to release on TestFlight, or go ahead and release your app to the App Store.

Create a build archive with Codemagic CLI tools

This step covers creating a build archive and uploading your build to App Store Connect using Flutter build commands and Codemagic CLI Tools executed in a terminal in the Flutter project directory.

Install the Codemagic CLI tools:

You’ll need to generate an App Store Connect API Key with App Manager access to automate operations with App Store Connect. To make subsequent commands more concise, set the following environment variables from the new key: issuer id, key id, and API key file.

You need to export or create a Mac App Distribution and a Mac Installer Distribution certificate to perform code signing and package a build archive.

If you have existing certificates, you can export the private keys by executing the following command for each certificate:

Or you can create a new private key by executing the following command:

Later, you can have CLI tools automatically create a new Mac App Distribution and Mac Installer Distribution certificate. You can use the same private key for each new certificate.

Fetch the code signing files from App Store Connect:

Where cert_key is either your exported Mac App Distribution certificate private key or a new private key which automatically generates a new certificate.

If you do not have a Mac Installer Distribution certificate, you can create a new certificate by executing the following:

Use cert_key of the private key you created earlier.

Fetch the Mac Installer Distribution certificates:

Set up a new temporary keychain to be used for code signing:

Restore Login Keychain! After running keychain initialize you must run the following:

This sets your login keychain as the default to avoid potential authentication issues with apps on your machine.

Now add the fetched certificates to your keychain:

Update the Xcode project settings to use fetched code signing profiles:

Install Flutter dependencies:

Install CocoaPods dependencies:

Enable the Flutter macOS option:

Build the Flutter macOS project:

Package the app:

Publish the packaged app to App Store Connect:

As mentioned earlier, don’t forget to set your login keychain as the default to avoid authentication issues with apps on your machine:

Distribute to registered devices

TestFlight is not available for distributing macOS apps to internal and external testers. See distribution guide to prepare an archive for distribution to designated Mac computers.

Release your app to the App Store

When you’re ready to release your app to the world, follow these steps to submit your app for review and release to the App Store:

1. Select Pricing and Availability from the sidebar of your app’s application details page on App Store Connect and complete the required information.
2. Select the status from the sidebar. If this is the first release of this app, its status is 1.0 Prepare for Submission. Complete all required fields.
3. Click Submit for Review.

Apple notifies you when their app review process is complete. Your app is released according to the instructions you specified in the Version Release section.

Troubleshooting

The Distribute your app guide provides a detailed overview of the process of releasing an app to the App Store.

Except as otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, and code samples are licensed under the BSD License.

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8 лучших утилит для OS X, которые должен иметь каждый маковод (ч. 1)

OS X (Mac OS) поистине одна из лучших, да что там, лучшая операционная система на рынке. Помимо дружелюбия к пользователю, она предоставляет множество функций, упрощающих те или иные бытовые действия. Однако, всегда хочется чего-нибудь еще. Всегда найдутся те, кому стандартных функций будет мало. В случае с iOS применим Jailbrake. C OS X дело обстоит проще. Здесь разработчикам дана полная свобода и можно со всех сторон напичкать систему всевозможными утилитами и дополнениями.
По прошествии нескольких лет работы на Mac у меня образовался набор программ, без которых я уже не представляю комфортной работы. На мой взгляд это одни из лучших утилит, которые сейчас можно найти в Mac AppStore и на просторах сети. Итак, вот они:

PopClip
Вспомните процесс копирования и вставки текста в iOS. Вы выделяете его и появляется всплывающее меню с функциями «Копировать / Вставить / Вырезать». PopClip переносит этот функционал в настольную ОС. Все, что вам нужно — это выделить текст при помощи мыши. Далее появится уже знакомое меню.

Функционал PopClip огромен. Помимо стандартных функций «Копировать / Вставить» приложение может искать выделенный вами текст в Google, может отправлять его в ваш блокнот в Evernote или Day One, отправлять твиты, статусы в facebook и еще десятки различных действий, для которых можно скачать отдельные расширения на сайте разработчика.
Приложение настолько удобно, что после нескольких дней использования трудно представить себе работу без него.

LinguaLeo
Если вы любите получать информацию на англоязычных сайтах, то нет приложения для перевода лучше, чем LinguaLeo. При этом вам не придется открывать ни сайт сервиса, ни любой другой переводчик. Все, что нужно, это иметь аккаунт в LinguaLeo и загрузить расширение для своего браузера на специальной странице.

Для перевода сделайте двойной шелчек по нужному слову. Результат появится во всплывающем окне.

TranslateTab
LinguaLeo хорош, когда вы читаете статьи, но если вы занимаетесь переводом текстов или пишете собственные на иностранных языках, то здесь существенную помощь окажет TranslateTab.

Приложение работает на основе Google Translate API и находится в системной строке OS X. Основная его функция — избавление пользователя от надобности открывать сайт переводчика в браузере и делать многочисленные переключения между окнами.

DragonDrop
Бывало такое, что вам нужно перенести файл из одной папки в другую либо же отправить в Skype, а места на экране для открытия обоих окон попросту нет. Такое неудобство зачастую возникает на ноутбуках с диагональю экрана 11″ и 13″.
DragonDrop решает эту проблему, создавая промежуточный буфер обмера, находящийся поверх всех окон. Вы помещаете в него файл, переключаетесь в нужное приложение и «перетаскиваете» файл из буфера.

Такой способ работает и с папками, и с несколькими файлами, и даже позволяет сохранять изображения с веб-сайтов.

PuntoSwitcher
Многим эта утилита знакома. Многие ее не любят и критикуют, и все же она единственная в свое роде и предоставляет действительно полезный функционал. По началу PuntoSwitcher может менять раскладку не на тех словах, что нужно или не менять вообще. Проблема решается путем занесения слова в словарь. Для принудительного перевода или его отмены можно воспользоваться клавишей option. Можно перевести весь текст, выделив его и, также, нажав option.

CalcBar
Стандартные калькуляторы в OS X не всегда удобны. Тот, что в Dashbord, не поддерживает скобки, тот, что в стандартном наборе приложений, для многих может показаться громоздким. Если вам нужно сделать пару небольших вычислений, то эта утилита несомненно для вас.

Существует немало аналогов, имеющих более расширенный функционал. Однако, CalcBar имеет два преимущества: приложение распространяется бесплатно и имеет понятный не загроможденный интерфейс.

BetterSnapTool
В ОС MS Windows есть хорошая стандартная функция, позволяющая делить экран на несколько равных частей и задавать четкое положение окнам на экране. Возможно, в будущем такой функционал появится и в OS X, а пока можно воспользоваться возможностями BetterSnapTool.

Сейчас для OS X написано множество утилит и приложений, упрощающих и без того легкую и непринужденную работу с операционной системой. А какими утилитами пользуетесь вы? Какие программы стали для вас незаменимыми помощниками в работе?

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