Machine type in linux

Linux Find Out My Machine Name/Hostname

The procedure to find the computer name on Linux:

1. Open a command-line terminal app (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type:
2. hostname
   OR
   hostnamectl
   OR
   cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
3. Press [Enter] key

Linux find hostname using hostnamectl

Type the following command if you are using systemd based Linux distro:
$ hostnamectl

It is possible to filter output using the grep command:
$ hostnamectl | grep ‘hostname’
OR simply use the cat command as follows too:
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

Linux find computer name using hostname command

At the terminal type hostname command:
$ hostname
Sample outputs
vivek-laptop.nixcraft.in
Where,

• vivek-laptop : You computer name.
• nixcraft.in : Your dNS domain name.
• vivek-laptop.nixcraft.in : Your computer name with Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

To see the domain part of the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name), enter:
$ dnsdomainname
Sample outputs:

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How Do I Change My Hostname?

The hostname commands set the host name using the following syntax. Please note that only the super-user / root can change the names. To switch to the root user by typing su – and entering the root password, when prompted.
# hostname newhostname.nixcraft.in
# hostname laptop.nixcraft.net.in
# hostnamectl set-hostname laptop.nixcraft.in
You need to edit /etc/hostname or /etc/sysconfig/network file to set hostname permanently. See our previous FAQ about changing hostname using configuration files.

Conclusion

The hostnamectl command may be used to query and change the system hostname and related settings on modern Linux distros such as Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS/RHEL, Fedora, Arch Linux and more.

Getting help

I strongly suggest that your read the man pages by typing the man command:
$ man hostname
$ man hostnamectl
$ hostnamectl —help

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Checking Linux system hardware manufacturer info

Obtaining system hardware information is not a difficult task for Linux GUI users, but could be a complex task for Linux CLI users.

There are numerous tools available in Linux, to locate system hardware information, but we will show you how to check hardware manufacturer name, system model and serial number.

We all understand the importance of having this information while reaching out to hardware vendor & this article covers best four commands, that can ease the process & help users for tracking the data faster.

Method-1 : Using Dmidecode Command

Dmidecode is a tool that reads computer’s DMI table contents and display’s system hardware information in a human-readable format.

The DMI table accommodates the details of system’s hardware components, along with other useful information such as, serial number, Manufacturer information, Release Date, and BIOS revision, etc.

Run ‘dmidecode’ command using system keyword to view system manufacturer information, as below:

Method-2 : Using inxi Command

inxi is a unique command that helps collect all the required hardware information in Linux systems. This command comes with wide range of options that no other tool can offer. Let us see how this command works below.

Use the inxi command along with -M option to display system manufacture information (manufacturer Name, Chassis Information, Product Information, Bios Information and Serial Number) & there you go:

Method-3 : Using lshw Command

lshw (AKA Hardware Lister) is a small nifty tool that lists out detailed report, housing various hardware components in Linux machine, by reading multiple files under ‘/proc’ directory and DMI table.

Run ‘lshw’ command with system ‘class’ option to check system manufacturer information, as shown below:

Method-4 : Using hwinfo Command

hwinfo, also called hardware information, is another significant tool, used to explore a hardware residing in system and display detailed output containing various components, in a human-readable format.

This command display’s an output in much detailed format, when compared to other tools (lshw, dmidecode, inxi, etc.)

Run the following command (shown below) to locate manufacturer information:

Please refer below steps to collect system hardware information, If in case above tools are not installed on your system:

Bonus Tips-1: Using /sys file system

Kernel’s expose some of DMI information to the ‘/sys’ virtual file system. Hence, use ‘grep’ command (shown below) to collect system manufacture information manually:

As an alternate, we can also print a specific hardware information shown below:

Bonus Tips-2: Using dmesg Command

‘dmesg’ command is used to write the kernel messages (boot-time messages) in Linux before syslogd or klogd start. It obtains data by reading the kernel ring buffer. ‘dmesg’ can be very useful while troubleshooting & also for obtaining information about the hardware on a system.

Conclusion:

The purpose of this article was to identify effective strategies to deal with our difficulties while handling routine tasks. We hope the content was to your satisfaction & look forward to contributing more to your success.

Your feedback & support is important for us to improve the service. Please share your thoughts in comments & forward this to needy ones.

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How to check os version in Linux command line

Check os version in Linux

The procedure to find os name and version on Linux:

1. Open the terminal application (bash shell)
2. For remote server login using the ssh: ssh user@server-name
3. Type any one of the following command to find os name and version in Linux:
   cat /etc/os-release
   lsb_release -a
   hostnamectl
4. Type the following command to find Linux kernel version:
   uname -r

Let us see all examples in details for common Linux distros.

The /etc/os-release file

Type the following cat command:
$ cat /etc/os-release
Sample outputs:

We can filter out information such as OS version and name using the grep command/egrep command as follows:
$ grep ‘^VERSION’ /etc/os-release
$ egrep ‘^(VERSION|NAME)=’ /etc/os-release
Here is what we see:

Even tiny Linux distro such as Alpine Linux provide the required OS (Operating system) information, including version:

Checking OS version on Linux using the lsb_release command

The lsb_release command gives LSB (Linux Standard Base) and distribution-specific information on the CLI. The syntax is:
$ lsb_release -a
Sample outputs:

hostnamectl command

Use hostnamectl command to query and change the system hostname and related settings. Just type the following command to check OS name and Linux kernel version:
$ hostnamectl
And it will give info as follows. Look out for “ Operating System ” and “ Kernel “:

Another outputs from my OpenSUSE Linux 15.2 server:

uname command

/etc/issue file

Use more command/less command as follows:
$ cat /etc/issue
$ more /etc/issue
$ less /etc/issue

Getting help

You can also view the manual page on uname using the following command:
$ man hostnamectl
$ man uname
$ man cat

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Conclusion

We explained how to find and display the OS version on Linux. The safest option is to query /etc/os-release file using grep or cat command. Systemd based Linux distro users can use the hostnamectl command.

🐧 Get the latest tutorials on Linux, Open Source & DevOps via

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How to Check if Linux Server is Physical or Virtual

Most of the IT sector has migrated to the virtual environment (not just IT and many tech companies) to reduce infrastructure costs.

But they still have physical servers for some specific purpose.

In recent days we have received some mail requests regarding this topic.

We don’t have a proper test environment to work with, but we now have a small test environment with VMware and VirtualBox.

So today we had the opportunity to write an article to verify whether the machine is physical or virtual.

As a Linux server administrator, you need to know whether the machine is physical or virtual in your environment. This can be very helpful if you want to fix anything on the system.

Popular Virtualization Technology KVM, OpenVZ, Xen and MWare, VirtualBox are popular virtualization software.

There are many ways to identify the state of the machine (physical or virtual) in Linux. Here, we have listed ten simple methods to determine it.

Method-1: How to Check Whether the Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the dmidecode Command

The dmidecode command reads the system DMI (Desktop Management Interface) table to display about your system’s hardware and BIOS information. The table has system manufacturer, model name, serial number, BIOS version, CPU sockets, expansion slots, memory module slots, and the list of I/O ports, etc.

The above output clearly shows the appropriate virtualization name. It displays the manufacturer name if it’s a physical server.

Method-2: How to Check if Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the lshw Command

The lshw command (Hardware Lister) is a small tool to provide detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine. It can report exact memory configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration, bus speed, etc. on DMI-capable x86 or EFI (IA-64) systems and on some PowerPC machines (​PowerMac G4 is known to work).

For VMware system

For VirtualBox system

lshw Command Output in Physical Server

Method-3: How to Check Whether the Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the facter Command

Facter is a standalone tool based on Ruby that provides system information.

Method-4: How to Check if Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the imvirt Command

imvirt is a set of Perl modules which used to detect whether the Linux box is physical or virtual. If it detects that it is a virtualized one, then it tries to find out which virtualization technology is used.

Method-5: How to Check Whether the Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the virt-what Command

virt-what is a small shell script which can be used to detect if the Linux box is running in a virtual machine. Also its print the virtualization technology is used. If nothing is printed and the script exits with code 0 (no error), then it physical server.

Method-6: How to Check if Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the systemd-detect-virt Command

systemd-detect-virt detects execution in a virtualized environment. It identifies the virtualization technology and can distinguish full machine virtualization from container virtualization.

Method-7: How to Check Whether the Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the hostnamectl Command

The hostnamectl tool is provided to administrate the system hostname. There are three separate classes of host names in use on a given system, static, pretty, and transient.

VirtualBox Output

Physical Output

Method-8: How to Check if Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the hwinfo Command

The hwinfo command is used to probe for the hardware present in the system. It can be used to generate a system overview log which can be later used for support.

Method-9: How to Check Whether the Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the lscpu Command

lscpu – display information on CPU architecture and gathers CPU architecture information like number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, NUMA nodes, information about CPU caches, CPU family, model and prints it in a human-readable format.

Note: The hypervisor option will not be listed if it’s a physical server.

Method-10: How to Check if Linux Server is Physical or Virtual Using the inxi Command

The inxi command is a script that quickly shows system hardware, CPU, drivers, Xorg, Desktop, Kernel, GCC version(s), Processes, RAM usage, and a wide variety of other useful information, also used for forum technical support & debugging tool.

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How To Check If A Linux System Is Physical Or Virtual Machine

As a Linux administrator, sometimes you might be wondering whether you are working on a physical or virtual machine. Most of the time, you will be accessing and managing your servers remotely. You may not always have physical access of your servers, and you may not even actually know where the server is located. However, it is possible to check if your Linux system is physical or virtual machine using couple of Linux utilities. This guide lists all possible ways to check whether the Linux system you’re working on is a physical server or a virtual server.

Check if a Linux system is physical or virtual machine

There can be many ways to find if a system is physical or virtual. I am aware of the following methods at present. I will update if I find any other ways in the days to come.

Method 1 — Using Dmidecode utility

The easiest way to find if we are working on a virtual or physical machine is using dmidecode utility. Dmidecode, DMI table decoder, is used to find your system’s hardware components, as well as other useful information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision.

Dmidecode comes pre-installed with most Linux distributions. Just in case, if it is not installed already, you can install it using your distribution’s package manager. Say for example, the following command will install dmidecode in DEB based systems such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint.

After installing Dmidecode, run the following command to find out whether your system is a physical or virtual machine:

If it is a physical system, you will get an output something like below.

If it is virtual system created with Virtualbox, you will get the following output:

For those wondering, innotek is a German-based software company that develops PC virtualization software called VirtualBox.

If it is virtual system created with KVM/QEMU, the output will be:

As you see in the above output, if it is a physical system, dmidecode will show the manufacturer’s name (i.e Dell Inc.). If it is a virtual system, then it will show the virtualization software/technology (i.e VirtualBox or QEMU).

Also, you can use this command to check if it is physical or virtual system.

Sample output:

Another command to find out if it is a physical or virtual system is:

Sample output:

Yet another dmidecode command to find the remote system’s type is:

Sample output:

And, one more dmidecode command is to achieve the same goal:

Sample output:

Method 2 — Using Facter utility

Facter is a command line utility to collect and display a system’s information. Unlike Dmidecode, Facter doesn’t comes pre-installed by default. You may need to install it as shown below depending upon the Linux distribution you use.

In Arch Linux, Manjaro Linux:

Once facter installed, run the following command to check if the system is physical or virtual machine:

If this command doesn’t work, try with sudo privileges:

Sample output:

Alternatively, use the following command:

If it is physical machine, the output will be:

If it is virtual machine, you will see output something like below.

Method 3 — Using lshw utility

The lshw utility is a small command line utility that displays the detailed hardware information of a Unix-like system. It displays all hardware details including memory configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration, bus speed, etc.

Some Linux distributions comes pre-installed with lshw. If it is not installed already, you can install it as shown below.

In Arch Linux and derivatives:

In RHEL and derivatives such as CentOS, scientific Linux:

In Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:

After installing lshw, run the following command to find out if your system is either physical or virtual:

Sample output:

Suggested read:

Method 4 — Using dmesg utility

We can find the system’s type using dmesg utility. dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer.

To check if your Linux system is physical or virtual, simply run:

If your system is physical, you will not see any output.

If your system is virtual machine, then you will see an output something like below.

Method 5 — Using hostnamectl command

We can find if out system is either virtual or physical using hostnamectl command. It requires systemd to work.

Sample output:

Method 6 — Using systemd-detect-virt

The systemd-detect-virt tool detects the virtualization technology and can distinguish full machine virtualization from hardware or container virtualization.

Run the following command to check if the system is physical or virtual:

Sample output:

Method 7 — Using virt-what script

The virt-what is a small shell script developed at Red Hat to find if we are running in a virtual machine or physical machine. virt-what is packaged for all popular Linux distributions, such as RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu, Arch Linux (AUR).

In Arch Linux, you can install it from AUR using any AUR helpers, for example Yay.

In RHEL, Fedora, CentOS:

On Debian, Ubuntu:

Once installed, run the following command to display to find if your system is either physical or virtual:

If nothing is printed and the script exits with code 0 (no error), then it means that either system is physical or a type of virtual machine which we don’t know about or cannot detect.

If your system is Virtual, you will see an output like below.

For more details, refer the project’s homepage.

Method 8 — Using imvirt script

The imvirt is yet another little perl script that helps you to detect if we’re running on a virtual machine.

In Arch Linux, you can install it from AUR using Yay helper program.

On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:

Once installed, run the following command to display to find if your system is either physical or virtual:

If your system is physical, the output would be:

if the system is virtual, you will see:

For more details, refer the project’s homepage.

Related read:

And, that’s all for now. If you know any other ways to find whether the Linux box is physical or virtual, let us know in the comment section. We will check and update the guide accordingly.

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