How to mark files in Windows 10 and use it to make file searching efficient

While Windows 10 has integrated a powerful search into the system, especially with Cortana, which allows you to search intelligently with filters such as music, images, PDF and so on. One of the most underestimated but effective ways to search files is to use TAGS. It is a feature available under Windows for a very long time, but little used.

In this post, I will talk about how you can use tags to quickly find files that are important to you and use it with the Cortana search box to make it even better.

What are tags in Windows

April 2021 Update:

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These are metadata that can be linked to files, and they are part of the properties. Windows 10 Search index properties, which allows you to search for these tags.

Why use labels? If different file types fall into different categories and projects and belong to different people, tags are useful. You can organize them in different folders, but when you insert tags, you will see them in a window.

TAG files under Windows 10

• Select a file, right-click and open Properties.
• Go to tab Details and search for properties Tags
• Select the empty space next to it and it will be converted to a text field.
• Here you can enter one or more tags. If you want to add several tags, insert a semicolon between each tag.

If you use Microsoft Office, you can add tags to Word files during saving. Open the Document Office > About tab and you will see the properties.

You can easily add tags here.

Add tags to multiple files

• Use the CTRL key to select multiple files in the same directory.
• Right-click > Properties > Details tab.
• Add your labels as described above, then click OK.
• All these tags are applied to these files.

How to search files using tags

This was the difficult part, but the search is much easier. Windows 10 indexing works almost instantly, and to search for files with added tags, simply type Cortana Search and go to Document Tag. Cortana offers a filtered search of documents as soon as you click on the search field.

Although the search result is quite fast, if you have sounds from the file with similar tags, you should use the Filter option. Here you can narrow your search results by type. It supports file types such as images, folders, emails, people, settings, videos, applications, and more.

What file formats are supported for tags

The sad thing about Windows tags is that they are limited to very few formats like images, Office documents and so on. So, if you right-click on a PDF or text file, no options to add tags are displayed. But you can use File Meta Association Manager to enable tags for unsupported files.

TIP: TagScanner allows you to quickly rename and tag music files.

How to Star Rate Your Files in Windows 10 (and Why You’d Want to)

By Henry T. Casey 19 February 2017

If you use Windows Explorer as your primary file organizer, you might want a way to flag photos or video as favorites. Whether it’s for marking your favorite videos you’ve shot or the best family photos, the star-rating system in Windows 10 is a neat way to rank your content.

Not all files can accept a star ranking, though. As has been the case for many versions of Windows, JPEG images and MP4 videos can, but GIFs and PNG files cannot. Here’s how to rate files and search for rated files in Windows 10.

1. Right-click an photo or video.

2. Select Properties.

3. Click the Details tab.

4. Click a star to apply a rating. The fifth star from the left is a 5-star rating, the 4th is a 4-star rating and so on.

5. Click OK.

6. In Explorer, click in the search field and write «Rating:» and select a number of stars.

You’ve rated files and searched for them by rating!

Mark files in windows

MARK Файлы: Что это такое и как его открыть

Если вы получили файлы MARK и не можете их открыть по какой-либо причине, и вы хотите знать, что это такое и что с этим делать, продолжайте читать!

Файлы MARK обычно представляют собой тип двоичного файла, используемого определенным программным обеспечением, и многие программные пакеты могут совместно использовать общее расширение файла. В случае файлов с расширением MARK может быть открыт популярный программный пакет, такой как Unknown Apple II File.

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Как открыть файл MARK

Самый простой способ открыть расширение файла MARK — это попытка загрузить некоторые из самых популярных программ, которые используют расширение MARK. Наиболее известной программой, связанной с файлами MARK, является Unknown Apple II File.

Как вы уже знаете, если у вас есть Unknown Apple II File, вы можете просто дважды щелкнуть по своему MARK и открыть его. Но что, если ваше программное обеспечение не открывает файл?

Сначала попробуйте щелкнуть правой кнопкой мыши по файлу и выбрать «Открыть с . » и выбрать Unknown Apple II File из выпадающего списка. Если это не помогло, зайдите в настройки ассоциаций файлов Windows и установите Unknown Apple II File, чтобы открыть файлы MARK по умолчанию.

Обратите внимание, что расширения MARK не могут быть ограничены только Unknown Apple II File. Вы всегда можете выполнить поиск Google, чтобы найти другое программное обеспечение, которое использует файлы MARK, и загрузить его, чтобы попытаться открыть файл.

Еще не повезло? Свяжитесь с разработчиком названия программного обеспечения, чтобы узнать, могут ли они помочь. Если ваше программное обеспечение не имеет идентифицированного разработчика в приведенной ниже таблице, быстрый веб-поиск названия программного обеспечения должен дать вам некоторые подсказки о том, с кем связаться.

Спроси себя: Всегда ли я хочу пройти этот процесс, когда получаю необычный файл? Должен ли я загружать новое программное обеспечение каждый раз, когда у меня нет программного обеспечения, связанного с файлом? Если нет, загрузите универсальный просмотрщик файлов (File Magic), чтобы открыть сотни разных типов файлов с помощью одной программы.

Есть лучшее решение. File Magic — универсальный программный просмотрщик, который позволяет открывать практически все типы файлов, не приобретая специальное программное обеспечение. Вместо того чтобы тратить все это время на попытку выяснить, как его открыть, вы можете получить доступ к любому * файлу с уверенностью и несколькими щелчками мыши. Загрузите File Magic прямо сейчас!

Программного обеспечения	разработчик
Unknown Apple II File	found on Golden Orchard Apple II CD Rom

Рекомендуем

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Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces

All file systems supported by Windows use the concept of files and directories to access data stored on a disk or device. Windows developers working with the Windows APIs for file and device I/O should understand the various rules, conventions, and limitations of names for files and directories.

Data can be accessed from disks, devices, and network shares using file I/O APIs. Files and directories, along with namespaces, are part of the concept of a path, which is a string representation of where to get the data regardless if it’s from a disk or a device or a network connection for a specific operation.

Some file systems, such as NTFS, support linked files and directories, which also follow file naming conventions and rules just as a regular file or directory would. For additional information, see Hard Links and Junctions and Reparse Points and File Operations.

For additional information, see the following subsections:

To learn about configuring Windows 10 to support long file paths, see Maximum Path Length Limitation.

File and Directory Names

All file systems follow the same general naming conventions for an individual file: a base file name and an optional extension, separated by a period. However, each file system, such as NTFS, CDFS, exFAT, UDFS, FAT, and FAT32, can have specific and differing rules about the formation of the individual components in the path to a directory or file. Note that a directory is simply a file with a special attribute designating it as a directory, but otherwise must follow all the same naming rules as a regular file. Because the term directory simply refers to a special type of file as far as the file system is concerned, some reference material will use the general term file to encompass both concepts of directories and data files as such. Because of this, unless otherwise specified, any naming or usage rules or examples for a file should also apply to a directory. The term path refers to one or more directories, backslashes, and possibly a volume name. For more information, see the Paths section.

Character count limitations can also be different and can vary depending on the file system and path name prefix format used. This is further complicated by support for backward compatibility mechanisms. For example, the older MS-DOS FAT file system supports a maximum of 8 characters for the base file name and 3 characters for the extension, for a total of 12 characters including the dot separator. This is commonly known as an 8.3 file name. The Windows FAT and NTFS file systems are not limited to 8.3 file names, because they have long file name support, but they still support the 8.3 version of long file names.

Naming Conventions

The following fundamental rules enable applications to create and process valid names for files and directories, regardless of the file system:

Use a period to separate the base file name from the extension in the name of a directory or file.

Use a backslash (\) to separate the components of a path. The backslash divides the file name from the path to it, and one directory name from another directory name in a path. You cannot use a backslash in the name for the actual file or directory because it is a reserved character that separates the names into components.

Use a backslash as required as part of volume names, for example, the «C:\» in «C:\path\file» or the «\\server\share» in «\\server\share\path\file» for Universal Naming Convention (UNC) names. For more information about UNC names, see the Maximum Path Length Limitation section.

Do not assume case sensitivity. For example, consider the names OSCAR, Oscar, and oscar to be the same, even though some file systems (such as a POSIX-compliant file system) may consider them as different. Note that NTFS supports POSIX semantics for case sensitivity but this is not the default behavior. For more information, see CreateFile.

Volume designators (drive letters) are similarly case-insensitive. For example, «D:\» and «d:\» refer to the same volume.

Use any character in the current code page for a name, including Unicode characters and characters in the extended character set (128–255), except for the following:

The following reserved characters:

• (greater than)
• : (colon)
• » (double quote)
• / (forward slash)
• \ (backslash)
• | (vertical bar or pipe)
• ? (question mark)
• * (asterisk)

Integer value zero, sometimes referred to as the ASCII NUL character.

Characters whose integer representations are in the range from 1 through 31, except for alternate data streams where these characters are allowed. For more information about file streams, see File Streams.

Any other character that the target file system does not allow.

Use a period as a directory component in a path to represent the current directory, for example «.\temp.txt». For more information, see Paths.

Use two consecutive periods (..) as a directory component in a path to represent the parent of the current directory, for example «..\temp.txt». For more information, see Paths.

Do not use the following reserved names for the name of a file:

CON, PRN, AUX, NUL, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, COM9, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5, LPT6, LPT7, LPT8, and LPT9. Also avoid these names followed immediately by an extension; for example, NUL.txt is not recommended. For more information, see Namespaces.

Do not end a file or directory name with a space or a period. Although the underlying file system may support such names, the Windows shell and user interface does not. However, it is acceptable to specify a period as the first character of a name. For example, «.temp».

Short vs. Long Names

A long file name is considered to be any file name that exceeds the short MS-DOS (also called 8.3) style naming convention. When you create a long file name, Windows may also create a short 8.3 form of the name, called the 8.3 alias or short name, and store it on disk also. This 8.3 aliasing can be disabled for performance reasons either systemwide or for a specified volume, depending on the particular file system.

Windows ServerВ 2008, WindowsВ Vista, Windows ServerВ 2003 and WindowsВ XP: 8.3 aliasing cannot be disabled for specified volumes until WindowsВ 7 and Windows ServerВ 2008В R2.

On many file systems, a file name will contain a tilde (

) within each component of the name that is too long to comply with 8.3 naming rules.

Not all file systems follow the tilde substitution convention, and systems can be configured to disable 8.3 alias generation even if they normally support it. Therefore, do not make the assumption that the 8.3 alias already exists on-disk.

To request 8.3 file names, long file names, or the full path of a file from the system, consider the following options:

• To get the 8.3 form of a long file name, use the GetShortPathName function.
• To get the long file name version of a short name, use the GetLongPathName function.
• To get the full path to a file, use the GetFullPathName function.

On newer file systems, such as NTFS, exFAT, UDFS, and FAT32, Windows stores the long file names on disk in Unicode, which means that the original long file name is always preserved. This is true even if a long file name contains extended characters, regardless of the code page that is active during a disk read or write operation.

Files using long file names can be copied between NTFS file system partitions and Windows FAT file system partitions without losing any file name information. This may not be true for the older MS-DOS FAT and some types of CDFS (CD-ROM) file systems, depending on the actual file name. In this case, the short file name is substituted if possible.

Paths

The path to a specified file consists of one or more components, separated by a special character (a backslash), with each component usually being a directory name or file name, but with some notable exceptions discussed below. It is often critical to the system’s interpretation of a path what the beginning, or prefix, of the path looks like. This prefix determines the namespace the path is using, and additionally what special characters are used in which position within the path, including the last character.

If a component of a path is a file name, it must be the last component.

Each component of a path will also be constrained by the maximum length specified for a particular file system. In general, these rules fall into two categories: short and long. Note that directory names are stored by the file system as a special type of file, but naming rules for files also apply to directory names. To summarize, a path is simply the string representation of the hierarchy between all of the directories that exist for a particular file or directory name.

Fully Qualified vs. Relative Paths

For Windows API functions that manipulate files, file names can often be relative to the current directory, while some APIs require a fully qualified path. A file name is relative to the current directory if it does not begin with one of the following:

• A UNC name of any format, which always start with two backslash characters («\\»). For more information, see the next section.
• A disk designator with a backslash, for example «C:\» or «d:\».
• A single backslash, for example, «\directory» or «\file.txt». This is also referred to as an absolute path.

If a file name begins with only a disk designator but not the backslash after the colon, it is interpreted as a relative path to the current directory on the drive with the specified letter. Note that the current directory may or may not be the root directory depending on what it was set to during the most recent «change directory» operation on that disk. Examples of this format are as follows:

• «C:tmp.txt» refers to a file named «tmp.txt» in the current directory on drive C.
• «C:tempdir\tmp.txt» refers to a file in a subdirectory to the current directory on drive C.

A path is also said to be relative if it contains «double-dots»; that is, two periods together in one component of the path. This special specifier is used to denote the directory above the current directory, otherwise known as the «parent directory». Examples of this format are as follows:

• «..\tmp.txt» specifies a file named tmp.txt located in the parent of the current directory.
• «..\..\tmp.txt» specifies a file that is two directories above the current directory.
• «..\tempdir\tmp.txt» specifies a file named tmp.txt located in a directory named tempdir that is a peer directory to the current directory.

Relative paths can combine both example types, for example «C. \tmp.txt». This is useful because, although the system keeps track of the current drive along with the current directory of that drive, it also keeps track of the current directories in each of the different drive letters (if your system has more than one), regardless of which drive designator is set as the current drive.

Maximum Path Length Limitation

In editions of Windows before Windows 10 version 1607, the maximum length for a path is MAX_PATH, which is defined as 260 characters. In later versions of Windows, changing a registry key or using the Group Policy tool is required to remove the limit. See Maximum Path Length Limitation for full details.

Namespaces

There are two main categories of namespace conventions used in the Windows APIs, commonly referred to as NT namespaces and the Win32 namespaces. The NT namespace was designed to be the lowest level namespace on which other subsystems and namespaces could exist, including the Win32 subsystem and, by extension, the Win32 namespaces. POSIX is another example of a subsystem in Windows that is built on top of the NT namespace. Early versions of Windows also defined several predefined, or reserved, names for certain special devices such as communications (serial and parallel) ports and the default display console as part of what is now called the NT device namespace, and are still supported in current versions of Windows for backward compatibility.

Win32 File Namespaces

The Win32 namespace prefixing and conventions are summarized in this section and the following section, with descriptions of how they are used. Note that these examples are intended for use with the Windows API functions and do not all necessarily work with Windows shell applications such as Windows Explorer. For this reason there is a wider range of possible paths than is usually available from Windows shell applications, and Windows applications that take advantage of this can be developed using these namespace conventions.

For file I/O, the «\\?\» prefix to a path string tells the Windows APIs to disable all string parsing and to send the string that follows it straight to the file system. For example, if the file system supports large paths and file names, you can exceed the MAX_PATH limits that are otherwise enforced by the Windows APIs. For more information about the normal maximum path limitation, see the previous section Maximum Path Length Limitation.

Because it turns off automatic expansion of the path string, the «\\?\» prefix also allows the use of «..» and «.» in the path names, which can be useful if you are attempting to perform operations on a file with these otherwise reserved relative path specifiers as part of the fully qualified path.

Many but not all file I/O APIs support «\\?\»; you should look at the reference topic for each API to be sure.

Note that Unicode APIs should be used to make sure the «\\?\» prefix allows you to exceed the MAX_PATH

Win32 Device Namespaces

The «\\.\» prefix will access the Win32 device namespace instead of the Win32 file namespace. This is how access to physical disks and volumes is accomplished directly, without going through the file system, if the API supports this type of access. You can access many devices other than disks this way (using the CreateFile and DefineDosDevice functions, for example).

For example, if you want to open the system’s serial communications port 1, you can use «COM1» in the call to the CreateFile function. This works because COM1–COM9 are part of the reserved names in the NT namespace, although using the «\\.\» prefix will also work with these device names. By comparison, if you have a 100 port serial expansion board installed and want to open COM56, you cannot open it using «COM56» because there is no predefined NT namespace for COM56. You will need to open it using «\\.\COM56» because «\\.\» goes directly to the device namespace without attempting to locate a predefined alias.

Another example of using the Win32 device namespace is using the CreateFile function with «\\.\PhysicalDiskX» (where X is a valid integer value) or «\\.\CdRomX«. This allows you to access those devices directly, bypassing the file system. This works because these device names are created by the system as these devices are enumerated, and some drivers will also create other aliases in the system. For example, the device driver that implements the name «C:\» has its own namespace that also happens to be the file system.

APIs that go through the CreateFile function generally work with the «\\.\» prefix because CreateFile is the function used to open both files and devices, depending on the parameters you use.

If you’re working with Windows API functions, you should use the «\\.\» prefix to access devices only and not files.

Most APIs won’t support «\\.\»; only those that are designed to work with the device namespace will recognize it. Always check the reference topic for each API to be sure.

NT Namespaces

There are also APIs that allow the use of the NT namespace convention, but the Windows Object Manager makes that unnecessary in most cases. To illustrate, it is useful to browse the Windows namespaces in the system object browser using the Windows Sysinternals WinObj tool. When you run this tool, what you see is the NT namespace beginning at the root, or «\». The subfolder called «Global??» is where the Win32 namespace resides. Named device objects reside in the NT namespace within the «Device» subdirectory. Here you may also find Serial0 and Serial1, the device objects representing the first two COM ports if present on your system. A device object representing a volume would be something like «HarddiskVolume1», although the numeric suffix may vary. The name «DR0» under subdirectory «Harddisk0» is an example of the device object representing a disk, and so on.

To make these device objects accessible by Windows applications, the device drivers create a symbolic link (symlink) in the Win32 namespace, «Global??», to their respective device objects. For example, COM0 and COM1 under the «Global??» subdirectory are simply symlinks to Serial0 and Serial1, «C:» is a symlink to HarddiskVolume1, «Physicaldrive0» is a symlink to DR0, and so on. Without a symlink, a specified device «Xxx» will not be available to any Windows application using Win32 namespace conventions as described previously. However, a handle could be opened to that device using any APIs that support the NT namespace absolute path of the format «\Device\Xxx».

With the addition of multi-user support via Terminal Services and virtual machines, it has further become necessary to virtualize the system-wide root device within the Win32 namespace. This was accomplished by adding the symlink named «GLOBALROOT» to the Win32 namespace, which you can see in the «Global??» subdirectory of the WinObj browser tool previously discussed, and can access via the path «\\?\GLOBALROOT». This prefix ensures that the path following it looks in the true root path of the system object manager and not a session-dependent path.