Insert copyright and trademark symbols

A variety of symbols can be added to an email message that you are composing.

On the Insert tab, click Symbol.

Click a symbol in the immediate list, or click More Symbols, and then click the symbol you want.

Copyright and trademark symbols can also be added by using a keyboard shortcut.

To insert the copyright symbol, press Ctrl+Alt+C.

To insert the trademark symbol, press Ctrl+Alt+T.

To insert the registered trademark symbol, press Ctrl+Alt+R.

There’s even a faster way to enter copyright and trademark symbols. By using the default AutoCorrect feature, type C, T, or R enclosed in parentheses such as (c). The text automatically changes to the respective symbol.

Note: AutoCorrect for symbols only works for HTML (the default) and Rich Text format message. If you are using a plain text format message, you can still use the keyboard shortcuts previously listed.

To add symbols, on the Insert tab, and then in the Symbols group, click Symbol, and then click the symbol that you want.

Copyright and trademark symbols can be added by using a keyboard shortcut.

To insert the copyright symbol, press Ctrl+Alt+C.

To insert the trademark symbol, press Ctrl+Alt+T.

To insert the registered trademark symbol, press Ctrl+Alt+R.

There’s even a faster way to enter copyright and trademark symbols. By using the default AutoCorrect feature, type C, T, or R enclosed in parentheses such as (c). The text automatically changes to the respective symbol.

Note: AutoCorrect for symbols only works for HTML (the default) and Rich Text format message. If you are using a plain text format message, you can still use the keyboard shortcuts previously listed.

How to Type the Copyright Symbol on Your Computer

Copyright logo keyboard shortcut and other methods

The copyright symbol (©) is a special character commonly used by photographers and other content creators. While copyright law doesn’t require its use, the symbol is easily recognizable and lends an air of credibility to intellectual property, so knowing how to type the copyright symbol on Windows and Mac can come in handy.

How to Make the Copyright Symbol

The copyright logo/symbol can be made on a Windows computer with the numerical keypad. The Alt code keyboard shortcut for the copyright symbol is Alt+0169; press and hold the Alt key while typing 0169.

For most laptops and other compressed keyboards, the process is different. Look for tiny numbers above the 7, 8, 9, U, I, O, J, K, L, and M keys. These keys act as 0 through 9 when Num Lock is activated.

Here’s how to make the copyright symbol without a numerical keypad:

Press Fn+NumLk to turn on Num Lock.

If this doesn’t work, you may have a designated NumLK key, or it might be mapped to another key.

Locate the numeric keys. If you don’t see the numbers on the keys, try them anyway: M=0, J=1, K=2, L=3, U=4, I=5, O=6, 7=7, 8=8, 9=9.

Press and hold the Alt key and type 0169 on the numeric keys (some laptops also require you to press and hold the Fn key as you type).

Release all the keys to see the © symbol in your text.

For Mac computers, you can make the copyright symbol with just two keystrokes: press and hold the Option key and then press the g key.

Other Options for Typing the Copyright Logo

If the keyboard shortcut seems like too much work, copy a copyright symbol from elsewhere (like this page) and paste it into your text. The © symbol is also included in the Character Map tool in Windows and the Character Viewer tool in macOS.

On a Windows PC

Here’s how to get the copyright symbol from the character map tool in Windows:

Open the Start menu, search for map, then select Character Map.

If you can’t find Character Map, open the Run dialog box (press WIN+R) and then enter the charmap command.

Double-click the copyright symbol to make it appear in the Characters to copy text box, then select Copy.

Paste the copyright logo into any application.

On a Mac

Here’s how to get the copyright symbol from the Character Viewer tool in macOS:

Go to the Finder menu, then select Edit > Emoji & Symbols.

The keyboard shortcut for this menu is Control+Command+Space.

Go to the left panel and select Letterlike Symbols.

Right-click the copyright symbol, or one of the variations from the bottom right side of the window, and select Copy Character Info to add it to the clipboard.

Microsoft windows copyright symbol

Click a text symbol below to copy and paste c copyright symbol © C in circle, sound recording copyright credit symbol P in circle ℗, or registered trademark R in circle ®. Just click, or tap and they should copy right away 😉. Read info below to learn how you can just use your keyboard to text a copyright symbol on Mac, Windows alt code (copyright c alt code is 0169) and on Linux. Type copyright symbol on iPhone keyboard with just a combo of 3 letters — read below. If you’re a webmaster you’d like knowing that copyright symbol html code is ©

Generally copyright sign (perceived by some as «copyright logo») is rendered as a black and white c in circle icon, not a colored icon — copyright emoji. A copyright notice, either as © c circled copyright symbol or phrase, informs users of the underlying claim to ownership credit for a published work. For sound recordings you should use produced ℗ symbol instead. Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work, though in some countries, including United States, there are some benefits for works officially registered. Currently, copyright applies for an extreme term of life plus 50 or more years in almost every country. Only a handful of countries don’t offer protection to foreign works — almost all countries respect copyright. When a work’s copyright term finally ends, the work passes into the public domain — becomes free to everyone. Note that copyright protects only specific expressions of an idea, not the idea itself. Some ideas can be protected by patents registered per country, or zone (like European Union) in appropriate Patent Offices for a several times shorter, although still unnecessarily long term in my opinion.

In the United States, the copyright notice consists of three elements:

• The © symbol, or the word ‘Copyright’ or abbreviation ‘Copr.’;
• The year of first publication of the copyrighted work;
• Identification of the owner of the copyright, either by name, abbreviation, or other designation by which it is generally known.

Copyright, or copywrite symbol?

Note, that correct way to spell the word for giving credit to the author is copyright, like copy right put together, while copywrite is not exactly a correct word. A copywriter is an occupation of writing text for the purpose of advertising or other forms of marketing including social media. For some reason the writing that’s produced through copywriting is called a copy.

Copyright symbol on keyboard

Choose your platform and read a guide.

Copyright symbol on Windows Keyboard

Alt Code for copyright symbol

Keyboard shortcut technique that works on Windows Desktops and most Laptops running MS Windows. You press Alt and, while holding it, type a code on Num Pad while it’s turned on. Please, watch my guide if you’re running a laptop. You can type many frequently used symbols with this method.

Alt code	Symbol
0169	©

Shift States

Configure your keyboard layout in Windows so that you can type all additional symbols you want as easy as any other text. Takes about 5-10 minutes to set things up, but you’ll be typing like a boss. For example, you can assign copyright and produced symbols to be AltGr (right alt key) + C and AltGr + P.

Character Map

CharMap allows you to view and use all characters and symbols available in all fonts (some examples of fonts are «Arial», «Times New Roman», «Webdings») installed on your computer. You can input all symbols using it.

Copyright symbol on iPhone, iPad

Try typing (c) — just english letter c in round brackets. It should turn into the copyright symbol once you place some other character, like space, comma, or dot. Plus even before that, copyright sign will appear as a suggestion in predictions atop the keyboard. (r) produces a registered trademark symbol ®. Type (p) and hit a spacebar to get produced sign ℗ — also known as sound recording copyright symbol.

Keyboard viewer

You can make frequently used technical non-fancy symbols like «√ ∑ π ∞ ∆ ™ © æ £ ¢» and åccénted letters on Mac using [Option] key. I’ve compiled a list of shortcuts in my article and explained how to open keyboard viewer. You can also use your Keyboard Viewer as an alternative to my list.

[Option] + [G] produces © copyright sign.

Character Palette

Character Palette allows you to view and use all characters and symbols, including copyright, available in all fonts (some examples of fonts are «Arial», «Times New Roman», «Webdings») installed on your computer.

Copyright on Linux Keyboard

Unicode hex code	Symbol	Compose key sequence	Symbol
00a9	©	0c	©
c0	©
oc	©
co	©

There actually are 3 different ways to type symbols on Linux with a keyboard. And all of them can produce copyright text symbols.

Character map

Character map allows you to view and use all characters and symbols available in all fonts (some examples of fonts are «Arial», «Times New Roman», «Webdings») installed on your computer. It can also help you lookup Unicode codes for entering symbols with keyboard.

Following is a list of HTML and JavaScript entities for copyright and produced symbols. In Javascript you should write like a = «this \u2669 symbol» if you want to include a special symbol in a string.

Public and Private Symbols

When a full-sized .pdb or .dbg symbol file is built by a linker, it contains two distinct collections of information: the private symbol data and a public symbol table. These collections differ in the list of items they contain and the information they store about each item.

The private symbol data includes the following items:

Information about user-defined structures, classes, and data types

The name of the source file and the line number in that file corresponding to each binary instruction

The public symbol table contains fewer items:

Functions (except for functions declared static)

Global variables specified as extern (and any other global variables visible across multiple object files)

As a general rule, the public symbol table contains exactly those items that are accessible from one source file to another. Items visible in only one object file—such as static functions, variables that are global only within a single source file, and local variables—are not included in the public symbol table.

These two collections of data also differ in what information they include for each item. The following information is typically included for each item contained in the private symbol data:

Name of the item

Address of the item in virtual memory

Frame pointer omission (FPO) records for each function

Data type of each variable, structure, and function

Types and names of the parameters for each function

Scope of each local variable

Symbols associated with each line in each source file

On the other hand, the public symbol table stores only the following information about each item included in it:

The name of the item.

The address of the item in the virtual memory space of its module. For a function, this is the address of its entry point.

Frame pointer omission (FPO) records for each function.

In other words, the public symbol data can be thought of as a subset of the private symbol data in two ways: it contains a shorter list of items, and it also contains less information about each item. For example, the public symbol data does not include local variables at all. Each local variable is included only in the private symbol data, with its address, data type, and scope. Functions, on the other hand, are included both in the private symbol data and public symbol table, but while the private symbol data includes the function name, address, FPO records, input parameter names and types, and output type, the public symbol table includes just the function name, address, and FPO record.

There is one other difference between the private symbol data and the public symbol table. Many of the items in the public symbol table have names that are decorated with a prefix, a suffix, or both. These decorations are added by the C compiler, the C++ compiler, and the MASM assembler. Typical prefixes include a series of underscores or the string __imp_ (designating an imported function). Typical suffixes include one or more at signs ( @ ) followed by addresses or other identifying strings. These decorations are used by the linker to disambiguate the symbol, since it is possible that function names or global variable names could be repeated across different modules. These decorations are an exception to the general rule that the public symbol table is a subset of the private symbol data.

Full Symbol Files and Stripped Symbol Files

A full symbol file contains both the private symbol data and the public symbol table. This kind of file is sometimes referred to as a private symbol file, but this name is misleading, for such a file contains both private and public symbols.

A stripped symbol file is a smaller file that contains only the public symbol table — or, in some cases, only a subset of the public symbol table. This file is sometimes referred to as a public symbol file.

Creating Full and Stripped Symbol Files

If you build your binaries with Visual Studio, you can create either full or stripped symbol files. When building a «debug build» of a binary, Visual Studio typically will create full symbol files. When building a «retail build», Visual Studio typically creates no symbol files, but a full or stripped symbol file will be created if the proper options are set.

If you build your binaries with the Build utility, the utility will create full symbol files.

Using the BinPlace tool, you can create a stripped symbol file from a full symbol file. When the most common BinPlace options are used (-a -x -s -n), the stripped symbol files are placed in the directory that is listed after the -s switch, and the full symbol files are placed in the directory that is listed after the -n switch. When BinPlace strips a symbol file, the stripped and full versions of the file are given identical signatures and other identifying information. This allows you to use either version for debugging.

Using the PDBCopy tool, you can create a stripped symbol file from a full symbol file by removing the private symbol data. PDBCopy can also remove a specified subset of the public symbol table. For details, see PDBCopy.

Using the SymChk tool, you can determine whether a symbol file contains private symbols. For details, see SymChk.

Viewing Public and Private Symbols in the Debugger

You can use WinDbg, KD, or CDB to view symbols. When one of these debuggers has access to a full symbol file, it has both the information listed in the private symbol data and the information listed in the public symbol table. The private symbol data is more detailed, while the public symbol data contains symbol decorations.

When accessing private symbols, private symbol data is always used because these symbols are not included in the public symbol table. These symbols are never decorated.

When accessing public symbols, the debugger’s behavior depends on certain symbol options:

When the SYMOPT_UNDNAME option is on, decorations are not included when the name of a public symbol is displayed. Moreover, when searching for symbols, decorations are ignored. When this option is off, decorations are displayed when displaying public symbols, and decorations are used in searches. Private symbols are never decorated in any circumstances. This option is on by default in all debuggers.

When the SYMOPT_PUBLICS_ONLY option is on, private symbol data is ignored, and only the public symbol table is used. This option is off by default in all debuggers.

When the SYMOPT_NO_PUBLICS option is on, the public symbol table is ignored, and searches and symbol information use the private symbol data alone. This option is off by default in all debuggers.

When the SYMOPT_AUTO_PUBLICS option is on (and both SYMOPT_PUBLICS_ONLY and SYMOPT_NO_PUBLICS are off), the first symbol search is performed in the private symbol data. If the desired symbol is found there, the search terminates. If not, the public symbol table is searched. Since the public symbol table contains a subset of the symbols in the private data, normally this results in the public symbol table being ignored.

When the SYMOPT_PUBLICS_ONLY, SYMOPT_NO_PUBLICS, and SYMOPT_AUTO_PUBLICS options are all off, both private symbol data and the public symbol table are searched each time a symbol is needed. However, when matches are found in both places, the match in the private symbol data is used. Therefore, the behavior in this instance is the same as when SYMOPT_AUTO_PUBLICS is on, except that using SYMOPT_AUTO_PUBLICS may cause symbol searches to happen slightly faster.

Here is an example in which the command x (Examine Symbols) is used three times. The first time, the default symbol options are used, and so the information is taken from the private symbol data. Note that this includes information about the address, size, and data type of the array typingString. Next, the command .symopt+В 4000 is used, causing the debugger to ignore the private symbol data. When the x command is then run again, the public symbol table is used; this time there is no size and data type information for typingString. Finally, the command .symopt-В 2 is used, which causes the debugger to include decorations. When the x command is run this final time, the decorated version of the function name, _typingString, is shown.

Viewing Public and Private Symbols with the DBH Tool

Another way to view symbols is by using the the DBH tool. DBH uses the same symbol options as the debugger. Like the debugger, DBH leaves SYMOPT_PUBLICS_ONLY and SYMOPT_NO_PUBLICS off by default, and turns SYMOPT_UNDNAME and SYMOPT_AUTO_PUBLICS on by default. These defaults can be overridden by a command-line option or by a DBH command.

Here is an example in which the DBH command addr 414fe0 is used three times. The first time, the default symbol options are used, and so the information is taken from the private symbol data. Note that this includes information about the address, size, and data type of the function fgets. Next, the command symoptВ +4000 is used, which causes DBH to ignore the private symbol data. When the addr 414fe0 is then run again, the public symbol table is used; this time there is no size and data type information for the function fgets. Finally, the command symoptВ -2 is used, which causes DBH to include decorations. When the addr 414fe0 is run this final time, the decorated version of the function name, _fgets, is shown.