Mounting remote directory linux

Монтируем удаленную файловую систему через SSH.

Во время работы часто приходится работать с удаленными файлами, часто через ssh. Gnome позволяет подключиться и работать с данными с помощью утилиты Places->Connect to Server, но, к сожалению, таким образом могут работать не все программы… Vim, например, а так как это основной мой редактор — я искал способ сделать это. И нашел 🙂

Все, что написано дальше — касается Linux, в частности Ubuntu Linux.
Итак, способ: смонтировать удаленую систему так же, как вы монтируете локальные диски. Сделать такое возможно с поомщью утилиты sshfs.
Для начала надо ее установить вместе с несколькими зависимостями:

$sudo apt-get install sshfs

Потом нужно добавить себя в группу пользователей fuse. Сделать это надо, потому что программа устанавливвается в системные папки, в которые обычным пользователям доступ запрещен. Так, добавляем себя в группу:

$sudo adduser fuse

Потом создаем директорию для монтирования, например, на рабочем столе:

Теперь надо выйти с терминала и зайти вновь. Все, теперь мы в группе fuse. Пробуем соединиться с сервером:

Если соединение идет не по ключу то, скорее всего, у вас появится запрос на введение пароля с удаленной машины.
Если же вы сразу не получили ошибку fusermount: fuse device not found, try ‘modprobe fuse’ first — проверяйте директорию, там должны появиться файлики :). Если же вылезла ошибка — значит модуль ядра fuse не загрузился автоматом, пробуем загрузить вручную:

$sudo modprobe fuse

Пробуем установить соединение еще раз.
Чтобы отмонтировать это все дело, надо выполнить следующее:

Чтобы каждый раз не вводить такую кучу комманд — создаем(если нету) и редактируем файл

/.bash_aliases, добавляя в конец такие строчки:

alias testssh=’sshfs user@example.com:/stuff

/Desktop/test_ssh’
alias testssh_umount=’fusermount -u

Теперь вы сможете монтировать удаленную машину командой testssh, а размонтировать — testssh_umount 🙂

Cпасибо за внимание!

ЗЫ Статью сначала перевел с английского на украинский, добавил немного своего и перевел на русский для Хабра 🙂

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How To Mount a Remote Directory With SSHFS on a Linux

H ow can I mount a remote directory with ssh on a Linux bases system? How do I use SSHFS to mount remote file systems over SSH on a Ubuntu or Debian/RHEL/CentOS/Arch Linux system?

SSH is a secure protocol and you can use it to mount a directory on a remote server or local laptop with the help of the SSHF service. With SSHFS you can mount remote server file system to your local development workstation/laptop powered by Linux. [donotprint]

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Intermediate
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	sshfs
Est. reading time	10m

[/donotprint]

More on SSHFS

sshfs is a filesystem based on the SSH file transfer protocol. It is used on a client system i.e. you need to install sshfs package on your local computer/laptop powered by CentOS/RHEL/Ubuntu/Debian/Arch Linux. No need to install anything on server (server1.cyberciti.biz). You only need an openssh server installed on server side. Our sample setup:

Fig.01: Our sample setup

Installing SSHFS on a Ubuntu/Debian/Mint Linux

Installing SSHFS on an Arch Linux

Type the following command:

Make sure you add user named vivek to fuse group:
## [ create fuse group if does not exist as per your distro ] ##
$ sudo groupadd fuse
$ sudo usermod -a -G fuse vivek

Installing SSHFS on a RHEL (Red Hat)/CentOS Linux

First, turn on EPEL repo and then type the following yum command to install FUSE-Filesystem to access remote filesystems via SSH on a CentOS/RHEL:

How do I mount the remote file system?

First, create a directory using mkdir command:

I’m going to mount file system using root user and you need to type root password when prompted:

To access and/or to see the remote file system, run:

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Fig. 02: sshfs in action

Dealing with “Permission denied” error and recommended procedure for mounting the remote directory

If you get an error that read as cannot access server1: Permission denied, add yourself to a group called fuse:

Next, create a mount point inside your own home directory:

To mount the remote file system, enter:

Fig.03: Using sshfs without root access on local laptop/desktop

How do I unmount the remote file system?

How can I permanently mount the remote file system by updating /etc/fstab?

For persistent mounts, you must create ssh keys based login
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id -i

/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz
Now, edit the /etc/fstab file, enter:

Examples

Add the following entry at the bottom of the file:

Another example with additional options:

Recommend option for on-demand mounting if you are using systemd:

Save and close the file. Where,

1. root@192.168.1.142 : Remote server with sshd
2. fuse : File system type.
3. idmap=user : Only translate UID of connecting user.
4. allow_other : Allow access to other users.
5. reconnect : Reconnect to server.
6. _netdev : The filesystem resides on a device that requires network access (used to prevent the system from attempting to mount these filesystems until the network has been enabled on the system).
7. users : Allow every user to mount and unmount the filesystem.
8. IdentityFile=/path/to/.ssh/keyfile – SSH key file.

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Word of warning: SSHFS is even slower than FTP since §sshd§ has to crypt everything, it’s also slow doing it, which also makes SFTP Clients slow to like 100-300KB/s speed. SSHFS is a nice thing to transparently move data, but be prepared for ultra-slow transmission even on powerful CPU.

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How to Mount Remote Linux Filesystem or Directory Using SSHFS Over SSH

The main purpose of writing this article is to provide a step-by-step guide on how to mount remote Linux file system using SSHFS client over SSH.

This article is useful for those users and system administrators who want to mount remote file system on their local systems for whatever purposes. We have practically tested by installing SSHFS client on one of our Linux system and successfully mounted remote file systems.

Before we go further installation let’s understand about SSHFS and how it works.

Sshfs Mount Remote Linux Filesystem or Directory

What Is SSHFS?

SSHFS stands for (Secure SHell FileSystem) client that enable us to mount remote filesystem and interact with remote directories and files on a local machine using SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).

SFTP is a secure file transfer protocol that provides file access, file transfer and file management features over Secure Shell protocol. Because SSH uses encryption while transferring files over the network from one computer to another computer and SSHFS comes with built-in FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) kernel module that allows any non-privileged users to create their file system without modifying kernel code.

In this article, we will show you how to install and use SSHFS client on any Linux distribution to mount remote Linux filesystem or directory on a local Linux machine.

Step 1: Install SSHFS Client in Linux Systems

By default sshfs packages does not exists on all major Linux distributions, you need to enable epel repository under your Linux systems to install sshfs with the help of Yum command with their dependencies.

Step 2: Creating SSHFS Mount Directory

Once the sshfs package installed, you need to create a mount point directory where you will mount your remote file system. For example, we have created mount directory under /mnt/tecmint .

Step 3: Mounting Remote Filesystem with SSHFS

Once you have created your mount point directory, now run the following command as a root user to mount remote file system under /mnt/tecmint . In your case the mount directory would be anything.

The following command will mount remote directory called /home/tecmint under /mnt/tecmint in local system. (Don’t forget replace x.x.x.x with your IP Address and mount point).

If your Linux server is configured with SSH key based authorization, then you will need to specify the path to your public keys as shown in the following command.

Step 4: Verifying Remote Filesystem is Mounted

If you have run the above command successfully without any errors, you will see the list of remote files and directories mounted under /mnt/tecmint .

Step 5: Checking Mount Point with df -hT Command

If you run df -hT command you will see the remote file system mount point.

Sample Output

Step 6: Mounting Remote Filesystem Permanently

To mount remote filesystem permanently, you need to edit the file called /etc/fstab . To do, open the file with your favorite editor.

Go to the bottom of the file and add the following line to it and save the file and exit. The below entry mount remote server file system with default settings.

Make sure you’ve SSH Passwordless Login in place between servers to auto mount filesystem during system reboots..

If your server is configured with SSH key based authorization, then add this line:

Next, you need to update the fstab file to reflect the changes.

Step 7: Unmounting Remote Filesystem

To unmount remote filesystem, jun issue the following command it will unmount the remote file system.

That’s all for now, if you’re facing any difficulties or need any help in mounting remote file system, please contact us via comments and if you feel this article is much useful then share it with your friends.

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