Mysql installed on linux

Many Linux distributions include a version of the MySQL server, client tools, and development components in their native software repositories and can be installed with the platforms’ standard package management systems. This section provides basic instructions for installing MySQL using those package management systems.

Native packages are often several versions behind the currently available release. You are also normally unable to install development milestone releases (DMRs), as these are not usually made available in the native repositories. Before proceeding, we recommend that you check out the other installation options described in Chapter 2, Installing MySQL on Linux.

Distribution specific instructions are shown below:

Red Hat Linux, Fedora, CentOS

For a number of Linux distributions, you can install MySQL using the MySQL Yum repository instead of the platform’s native software repository. See Section 2.1, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository” for details.

For Red Hat and similar distributions, the MySQL distribution is divided into a number of separate packages, mysql for the client tools, mysql-server for the server and associated tools, and mysql-libs for the libraries. The libraries are required if you want to provide connectivity from different languages and environments such as Perl, Python and others.

To install, use the yum command to specify the packages that you want to install. For example:

MySQL and the MySQL server should now be installed. A sample configuration file is installed into /etc/my.cnf . An init script, to start and stop the server, is installed into /etc/init.d/mysqld . To start the MySQL server use service :

To enable the server to be started and stopped automatically during boot, use chkconfig :

Which enables the MySQL server to be started (and stopped) automatically at the specified the run levels.

The database tables are automatically created for you, if they do not already exist. You should, however, run mysql_secure_installation to set the root passwords on your server.

Debian, Ubuntu, Kubuntu

For Debian, Ubuntu, and Kubuntu, MySQL can be installed using the MySQL APT Repository instead of the platform’s native software repository. See Section 2.3, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository” for details.

On Debian and related distributions, there are two packages for MySQL in their software repositories, mysql-client and mysql-server , for the client and server components respectively. You should specify an explicit version, for example mysql-client-5.1 , to ensure that you install the version of MySQL that you want.

To download and install, including any dependencies, use the apt-get command, specifying the packages that you want to install.

Before installing, make sure that you update your apt-get index files to ensure you are downloading the latest available version.

A sample installation of the MySQL packages might look like this (some sections trimmed for clarity):

The apt-get command installs a number of packages, including the MySQL server, in order to provide the typical tools and application environment. This can mean that you install a large number of packages in addition to the main MySQL package.

During installation, the initial database is created, and you are prompted for the MySQL root password (and confirmation). A configuration file is created in /etc/mysql/my.cnf . An init script is created in /etc/init.d/mysql .

The server is already started. You can manually start and stop the server using:

The service is automatically added to run levels 2, 3 and 4,, with stop scripts in the single, shutdown and restart levels.

Gentoo Linux

As a source-based distribution, installing MySQL on Gentoo involves downloading the source, patching the Gentoo specifics, and then compiling the MySQL server and installing it. This process is handled automatically by the emerge command.

The MySQL server and client tools are provided within a single package, dev-db/mysql . You can obtain a list of the versions available to install by looking at the portage directory for the package:

To install a specific MySQL version, you must specify the entire atom. For example:

After installation, you should initialize the data directory and set the password for the MySQL root user (see Chapter 5, Initializing the Data Directory). Alternatively, use the configuration interface to perform those tasks:

During installation, a sample configuration file is created for you in /etc/mysql/my.cnf , and an init script is created in /etc/init.d/mysql .

To enable MySQL to start automatically at the normal (default) run levels, use this command:

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Chapter 7 Installing MySQL on Linux

Table of Contents

Linux supports a number of different solutions for installing MySQL. We recommend that you use one of the distributions from Oracle, for which several methods for installation are available:

Table 7.1 Linux Installation Methods and Information

Type	Setup Method	Additional Information
Apt	Enable the MySQL Apt repository	Documentation
Yum	Enable the MySQL Yum repository	Documentation
Zypper	Enable the MySQL SLES repository	Documentation
RPM	Download a specific package	Documentation
DEB	Download a specific package	Documentation
Generic	Download a generic package	Documentation
Source	Compile from source	Documentation
Docker	Use the Oracle Container Registry. You can also use Docker Hub for MySQL Community Edition and My Oracle Support for MySQL Enterprise Edition.	Documentation
Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network	Use ULN channels	Documentation

As an alternative, you can use the package manager on your system to automatically download and install MySQL with packages from the native software repositories of your Linux distribution. These native packages are often several versions behind the currently available release. You are also normally unable to install development milestone releases (DMRs), since these are not usually made available in the native repositories. For more information on using the native package installers, see Section 7.7, “Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories”.

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Chapter 7 Installing MySQL on Linux

Table of Contents

Linux supports a number of different solutions for installing MySQL. We recommend that you use one of the distributions from Oracle, for which several methods for installation are available:

Table 7.1 Linux Installation Methods and Information

Type	Setup Method	Additional Information
Apt	Enable the MySQL Apt repository	Documentation
Yum	Enable the MySQL Yum repository	Documentation
Zypper	Enable the MySQL SLES repository	Documentation
RPM	Download a specific package	Documentation
DEB	Download a specific package	Documentation
Generic	Download a generic package	Documentation
Source	Compile from source	Documentation
Docker	Use the Oracle Container Registry. You can also use Docker Hub for MySQL Community Edition and My Oracle Support for MySQL Enterprise Edition.	Documentation
Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network	Use ULN channels	Documentation

As an alternative, you can use the package manager on your system to automatically download and install MySQL with packages from the native software repositories of your Linux distribution. These native packages are often several versions behind the currently available release. You also normally cannot install development milestone releases (DMRs), as these are not usually made available in the native repositories. For more information on using the native package installers, see Section 7.8, “Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories”.

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Mysql installed on linux

The MySQL Yum repository for Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS provides RPM packages for installing the MySQL server, client, MySQL Workbench, MySQL Utilities, MySQL Router, MySQL Shell, Connector/ODBC, Connector/Python and so on (not all packages are available for all the distributions; see Installing Additional MySQL Products and Components with Yum for details).

Before You Start

As a popular, open-source software, MySQL, in its original or re-packaged form, is widely installed on many systems from various sources, including different software download sites, software repositories, and so on. The following instructions assume that MySQL is not already installed on your system using a third-party-distributed RPM package; if that is not the case, follow the instructions given in Section 10.5, “Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository” or Section 7.2, “Replacing a Third-Party Distribution of MySQL Using the MySQL Yum Repository”.

Steps for a Fresh Installation of MySQL

Follow the steps below to install the latest GA version of MySQL with the MySQL Yum repository:

Adding the MySQL Yum Repository

First, add the MySQL Yum repository to your system’s repository list. This is a one-time operation, which can be performed by installing an RPM provided by MySQL. Follow these steps:

Go to the Download MySQL Yum Repository page (https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/) in the MySQL Developer Zone.

Select and download the release package for your platform.

Install the downloaded release package with the following command, replacing platform-and-version-specific-package-name with the name of the downloaded RPM package:

For an EL6-based system, the command is in the form of:

For an EL7-based system:

For an EL8-based system:

MySQL 5.7 does not support Fedora; support was removed in MySQL 5.7.30. For details, see the MySQL Product Support EOL Announcements.

The installation command adds the MySQL Yum repository to your system’s repository list and downloads the GnuPG key to check the integrity of the software packages. See Section 2.4.2, “Signature Checking Using GnuPG” for details on GnuPG key checking.

You can check that the MySQL Yum repository has been successfully added by the following command:

Once the MySQL Yum repository is enabled on your system, any system-wide update by the yum update command upgrades MySQL packages on your system and replaces any native third-party packages, if Yum finds replacements for them in the MySQL Yum repository; see Section 10.5, “Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository” and, for a discussion on some possible effects of that on your system, see Upgrading the Shared Client Libraries.

Selecting a Release Series

When using the MySQL Yum repository, the latest GA series (currently MySQL 5.7) is selected for installation by default. If this is what you want, you can skip to the next step, Installing MySQL.

Within the MySQL Yum repository, different release series of the MySQL Community Server are hosted in different subrepositories. The subrepository for the latest GA series (currently MySQL 5.7) is enabled by default, and the subrepositories for all other series (for example, the MySQL 5.6 series) are disabled by default. Use this command to see all the subrepositories in the MySQL Yum repository, and see which of them are enabled or disabled:

To install the latest release from the latest GA series, no configuration is needed. To install the latest release from a specific series other than the latest GA series, disable the subrepository for the latest GA series and enable the subrepository for the specific series before running the installation command. If your platform supports yum-config-manager , you can do that by issuing these commands, which disable the subrepository for the 5.7 series and enable the one for the 5.6 series:

For Fedora platforms:

Besides using yum-config-manager or the dnf config-manager command, you can also select a release series by editing manually the /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo file. This is a typical entry for a release series’ subrepository in the file:

Find the entry for the subrepository you want to configure, and edit the enabled option. Specify enabled=0 to disable a subrepository, or enabled=1 to enable a subrepository. For example, to install MySQL 5.6, make sure you have enabled=0 for the above subrepository entry for MySQL 5.7, and have enabled=1 for the entry for the 5.6 series:

You should only enable subrepository for one release series at any time. When subrepositories for more than one release series are enabled, the latest series is used by Yum.

Verify that the correct subrepositories have been enabled and disabled by running the following command and checking its output:

Disabling the Default MySQL Module

(EL8 systems only) EL8-based systems such as RHEL8 and Oracle Linux 8 include a MySQL module that is enabled by default. Unless this module is disabled, it masks packages provided by MySQL repositories. To disable the included module and make the MySQL repository packages visible, use the following command (for dnf-enabled systems, replace yum in the command with dnf ):

Installing MySQL

Install MySQL by the following command:

This installs the package for MySQL server ( mysql-community-server ) and also packages for the components required to run the server, including packages for the client ( mysql-community-client ), the common error messages and character sets for client and server ( mysql-community-common ), and the shared client libraries ( mysql-community-libs ).

Starting the MySQL Server

Start the MySQL server with the following command:

You can check the status of the MySQL server with the following command:

At the initial start up of the server, the following happens, given that the data directory of the server is empty:

The server is initialized.

SSL certificate and key files are generated in the data directory.

validate_password is installed and enabled.

A superuser account ‘root’@’localhost is created. A password for the superuser is set and stored in the error log file. To reveal it, use the following command:

Change the root password as soon as possible by logging in with the generated, temporary password and set a custom password for the superuser account:

validate_password is installed by default. The default password policy implemented by validate_password requires that passwords contain at least one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, one digit, and one special character, and that the total password length is at least 8 characters.

For more information on the postinstallation procedures, see Chapter 9, Postinstallation Setup and Testing.

Compatibility Information for EL7-based platforms: The following RPM packages from the native software repositories of the platforms are incompatible with the package from the MySQL Yum repository that installs the MySQL server. Once you have installed MySQL using the MySQL Yum repository, you cannot install these packages (and vice versa).

Installing Additional MySQL Products and Components with Yum

You can use Yum to install and manage individual components of MySQL. Some of these components are hosted in sub-repositories of the MySQL Yum repository: for example, the MySQL Connectors are to be found in the MySQL Connectors Community sub-repository, and the MySQL Workbench in MySQL Tools Community. You can use the following command to list the packages for all the MySQL components available for your platform from the MySQL Yum repository:

Install any packages of your choice with the following command, replacing package-name with name of the package:

For example, to install MySQL Workbench on Fedora:

To install the shared client libraries:

Updating MySQL with Yum

Besides installation, you can also perform updates for MySQL products and components using the MySQL Yum repository. See Section 10.5, “Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository” for details.

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