Nmap kali linux install

Packages and Binaries:

ncat is a reimplementation of Netcat by the NMAP project, providing most of the features present in the original implementations, along with some new features such as IPv6 and SSL support. Port scanning support has been removed.

Installed size: 776 KB
How to install: sudo apt install ncat

Concatenate and redirect sockets

ndiff

Ndiff is a tool to aid in the comparison of Nmap scans. It takes two Nmap XML output files and prints the differences between them them: hosts coming up and down, ports becoming open or closed, and things like that. It can produce output in human-readable text or machine-readable XML formats.

Installed size: 383 KB
How to install: sudo apt install ndiff

ndiff

Utility to compare the results of Nmap scans

Nmap is a utility for network exploration or security auditing. It supports ping scanning (determine which hosts are up), many port scanning techniques, version detection (determine service protocols and application versions listening behind ports), and TCP/IP fingerprinting (remote host OS or device identification). Nmap also offers flexible target and port specification, decoy/stealth scanning, sunRPC scanning, and more. Most Unix and Windows platforms are supported in both GUI and commandline modes. Several popular handheld devices are also supported, including the Sharp Zaurus and the iPAQ.

Installed size: 4.81 MB
How to install: sudo apt install nmap

• libc6
• libgcc-s1
• liblinear4
• liblua5.3-0
• libpcre3
• libssh2-1
• libssl1.1
• libstdc++6
• lua-lpeg
• nmap-common
• zlib1g

Network exploration tool and security / port scanner

nping

Network packet generation tool / ping utility

nmap-common

Nmap is a utility for network exploration or security auditing. It supports ping scanning (determine which hosts are up), many port scanning techniques, version detection (determine service protocols and application versions listening behind ports), and TCP/IP fingerprinting (remote host OS or device identification). Nmap also offers flexible target and port specification, decoy/stealth scanning, sunRPC scanning, and more. Most Unix and Windows platforms are supported in both GUI and commandline modes. Several popular handheld devices are also supported, including the Sharp Zaurus and the iPAQ.

This package contains the nmap files shared by all architectures.

Installed size: 20.28 MB
How to install: sudo apt install nmap-common

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A Practical Guide to Nmap (Network Security Scanner) in Kali Linux

In the second Kali Linux article, the network tool known as ‘nmap‘ will be discussed. While nmap isn’t a Kali only tool, it is one of the most useful network mapping tools in Kali.

Nmap, short for Network Mapper, is maintained by Gordon Lyon (more about Mr. Lyon here: http://insecure.org/fyodor/) and is used by many security professionals all over the world.

The utility works in both Linux and Windows and is command line (CLI) driven. However for those a little more timid of the command line, there is a wonderful graphical frontend for nmap called zenmap.

It is strongly recommended that individuals learn the CLI version of nmap as it provides much more flexibility when compared to the zenmap graphical edition.

What purpose does nmap server? Great question. Nmap allows for an administrator to quickly and thoroughly learn about the systems on a network, hence the name, Network MAPper or nmap.

Nmap has the ability to quickly locate live hosts as well as services associated with that host. Nmap’s functionality can be extended even further with the Nmap Scripting Engine, often abbreviated as NSE.

This scripting engine allows administrators to quickly create a script that can be used to determine if a newly discovered vulnerability exists on their network. Many scripts have been developed and included with most nmap installs.

A word of caution – nmap is a commonly used by people with both good and bad intentions. Extreme caution should be taken to ensure that you aren’t using nmap against systems that permission has not be explicitly provided in a written/legal agreement. Please use caution when using the nmap tool.

System Requirements

1. Kali Linux (nmap is available in other operating systems and functions similar to this guide).
2. Another computer and permission to scan that computer with nmap – This is often easily done with software such as VirtualBox and the creation of a virtual machine.
   1. For a good machine to practice with, please read about Metasploitable 2
   2. Download for MS2 Metasploitable2
3. A valid working connection to a network or if using virtual machines, a valid internal network connection for the two machines.

Kali Linux – Working with Nmap

The first step to working with nmap is to log into the Kali Linux machine and if desired, start a graphical session (This first article in this series installed Kali Linux with the Enlightenment Desktop Environment).

During the installation, the installer would have prompted the user for a ‘root‘ user password which will be needed to login. Once logged in to the Kali Linux machine, using the command ‘startx‘ the Enlightenment Desktop Environment can be started – it is worth noting that nmap doesn’t require a desktop environment to run.

Start Desktop Environment in Kali Linux

Once logged into Enlightenment, a terminal window will need to be opened. By clicking on the desktop background, a menu will appear. Navigating to a terminal can be done as follows: Applications -> System -> ‘Xterm‘ or ‘UXterm‘ or ‘Root Terminal‘.

The author is a fan of the shell program called ‘Terminator‘ but this may not show up in a default install of Kali Linux. All shell programs listed will work for the purposes of nmap.

Launch Terminal in Kali Linux

Once a terminal has been launched, the nmap fun can begin. For this particular tutorial, a private network with a Kali machine and a Metasploitable machine was created.

This made things easier and safer since the private network range would ensure that scans remained on safe machines and prevents the vulnerable Metasploitable machine from being compromised by someone else.

How to Find Live Hosts on My Network?

In this example, both of the machines are on a private 192.168.56.0 /24 network. The Kali machine has an IP address of 192.168.56.101 and the Metasploitable machine to be scanned has an IP address of 192.168.56.102.

Let’s say though that the IP address information was unavailable. A quick nmap scan can help to determine what is live on a particular network. This scan is known as a ‘Simple List’ scan hence the -sL arguments passed to the nmap command.

Nmap – Scan Network for Live Hosts

Sadly, this initial scan didn’t return any live hosts. Sometimes this is a factor of the way certain Operating Systems handle port scan network traffic.

Find and Ping All Live Hosts on My Network

Not to worry though, there are some tricks that nmap has available to try to find these machines. This next trick will tell nmap to simply try to ping all the addresses in the 192.168.56.0/24 network.

Nmap – Ping All Connected Live Network Hosts

This time nmap returns some prospective hosts for scanning! In this command, the -sn disables nmap’s default behavior of attempting to port scan a host and simply has nmap try to ping the host.

Find Open Ports on Hosts

Let’s try letting nmap port scan these specific hosts and see what turns up.

Nmap – Network Ports Scan on Host

Wow! This time nmap hit a gold mine. This particular host has quite a bit of open network ports.

These ports all indicate some sort of listening service on this particular machine. Recalling from earlier, the 192.168.56.102 IP address is assigned to the metasploitable vulnerable machine hence why there are so many open ports on this host.

Having this many ports open on most machines is highly abnormal so it may be a wise idea to investigate this machine a little closer. Administrators could track down the physical machine on the network and look at the machine locally but that wouldn’t be much fun especially when nmap could do it for us much quicker!

Find Services Listening on Ports on Hosts

This next scan is a service scan and is often used to try to determine what service may be listening on a particular port on a machine.

Nmap will probe all of the open ports and attempt to banner grab information from the services running on each port.

Nmap – Scan Network Services Listening of Ports

Notice this time nmap provided some suggestions on what nmap thought might be running on this particular port (highlighted in the white box). Also nmap also tried to determine information about the operating system running on this machine as well as its hostname (with great success too!).

Looking through this output should raise quite a few concerns for a network administrator. The very first line claims that VSftpd version 2.3.4 is running on this machine! That’s a REALLY old version of VSftpd.

Searching through ExploitDB, a serious vulnerability was found back in 2011 for this particular version (ExploitDB ID – 17491).

Find Anonymous FTP Logins on Hosts

Let’s have nmap take a closer look at this particular port and see what can be determined.

Nmap – Scan Particular Post on Machine

With this command, nmap was instructed to run its default script (-sC) on the FTP port (-p 21) on the host. While it may or may not be an issue, nmap did find out that anonymous FTP login is allowed on this particular server.

Check for Vulnerabilities on Hosts

This paired with the earlier knowledge about VSftd having an old vulnerability should raise some concern though. Let’s see if nmap has any scripts that attempt to check for the VSftpd vulnerability.

Nmap – Scan VSftpd Vulnerability

Notice that nmap has a NSE script already built for the VSftpd backdoor problem! Let’s try running this script against this host and see what happens but first it may be important to know how to use the script.

Learn Nmap NSE Script Usage

Reading through this description, it is clear that this script can be used to attempt to see if this particular machine is vulnerable to ExploitDB issue identified earlier.

Let’s run the script and see what happens.

Nmap – Scan Host for Vulnerable

Yikes! Nmap’s script returned some dangerous news. This machine is likely a good candidate for a serious investigation. This doesn’t mean that the machine is compromised and being used for horrible/terrible things but it should bring some concerns to the network/security teams.

Nmap has the ability to be extremely selective and extremely quite. Most of what has been done so far has attempted to keep nmap’s network traffic moderately quiet however scanning a personally owned network in this fashion can be extremely time consuming.

Nmap has the ability to do a much more aggressive scan that will often yield much of the same information but in one command instead of several. Let’s take a look at the output of an aggressive scan (Do note – an aggressive scan can set off intrusion detection/prevention systems!).

Nmap – Complete Network Scan on Host

Notice this time, with one command, nmap has returned a lot of the information it returned earlier about the open ports, services, and configurations running on this particular machine. Much of this information can be used to help determine how to protect this machine as well as to evaluate what software may be on a network.

This was just a short, short list of the many useful things that nmap can be used to find on a host or network segment. It is strongly urged that individuals continue to experiment with nmap in a controlled manner on a network that is owned by the individual (Do not practice by scanning other entities!).

There is a official guide on Nmap Network Scanning by author Gordon Lyon, available from Amazon.

Please feel free to post comments or questions (or even more tips/advice on nmap scans)!

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