Open txt files in linux

How to open, create, edit, and view a file in Linux

One thing GNU/Linux does as well as any other operating system is give you the tools you need to create and edit text files. Ask ten Linux users to name their favorite text editor, and you might get ten different answers. On this page, we cover a few of the many text editors available for Linux.

GUI text editors

This section discusses text editing applications for the Linux windowing system, X Windows, more commonly known as X11 or X.

If you are coming from Microsoft Windows, you are no doubt familiar with the classic Windows text editor, Notepad. Linux offers many similar programs, including NEdit, gedit, and geany. Each of these programs are free software, and they each provide roughly the same functionality. It’s up to you to decide which one feels best and has the best interface for you. All three of these programs support syntax highlighting, which helps with editing source code or documents written in a markup language such as HTML or CSS.

NEdit

NEdit, which is short for the Nirvana Editor, is a straightforward text editor that is very similar to Notepad. It uses a Motif-style interface.

The NEdit homepage is located at https://sourceforge.net/projects/nedit/. If you are on a Debian or Ubuntu system, you can install NEdit with the following command:

For more information, see our NEdit information page.

Geany

Geany is a text editor that is a lot like Notepad++ for Windows. It provides a tabbed interface for working with multiple open files at once and has nifty features like displaying line numbers in the margin. It uses the GTK+ interface toolkit.

The Geany homepage is located at http://www.geany.org/. On Debian and Ubuntu systems, you can install Geany by running the command:

Gedit

Gedit is the default text editor of the GNOME desktop environment. It’s a great, text editor that can be used on about any Linux system.

The Gedit homepage is located at https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit. On Debian and Ubuntu systems, Gedit can be installed by running the following command:

Terminal-based text editors

If you are working from the Linux command line interface and you need a text editor, you have many options. Here are some of the most popular:

pico started out as the editor built into the text-based e-mail program pine, and it was eventually packaged as a stand-alone program for editing text files. («pico» is a scientific prefix for very small things.)

The modern version of pine is called alpine, but pico is still called pico. You can find more information about how to use it in our pico command documentation.

On Debian and Ubuntu Linux systems, you can install pico using the command:

nano is the GNU version of pico and is essentially the same program under a different name.

On Debian and Ubuntu Linux systems, nano can be installed with the command:

vim, which stands for «vi improved,» is a text editor used by millions of computing professionals all over the world. Its controls are a little confusing at first, but once you get the hang of them, vim makes executing complex editing tasks fast and easy. For more information, see our in-depth vim guide.

On Debian and Ubuntu Linux systems, vim can be installed using the command:

emacs

emacs is a complex, highly customizable text editor with a built-in interpreter for the Lisp programming language. It is used religiously by some computer programmers, especially those who write computer programs in Lisp dialects such as Scheme. For more information, see our emacs information page.

On Debian and Ubuntu Linux systems, emacs can be installed using the command:

Redirecting command output into a text file

When at the Linux command line, you sometimes want to create or make changes to a text file without actually running a text editor. Here are some commands you might find useful.

Creating an empty file with the touch command

To create an empty file, it’s common to use the command touch. The touch command updates the atime and mtime attributes of a file as if the contents of the file had been changed — without actually changing anything. If you touch a file that doesn’t exist, the system creates the file without putting any data inside.

For instance, the command:

The above command creates a new, empty file called myfile.txt if that file does not already exist.

Redirecting text into a file

Sometimes you need to stick the output of a command into a file. To accomplish this quickly and easily, you can use the > symbol to redirect the output to a file.

For instance, the echo command is used to «echo» text as output. By default, this goes to the standard output — the screen. So the command:

The above command prints that text on your screen and return you to the command prompt. However, you can use > to redirect this output to a file. For instance:

The above command puts the text «Example text» into the file myfile.txt. If myfile.txt does not exist, it is created. If it already exists, its contents will be overwritten, destroying the previous contents and replacing them.

Be careful when redirecting output to a file using >. It will overwrite the previous contents of the file if it already exists. There is no undo for this operation, so make sure you want to completely replace the file’s contents before you run the command.

Here’s an example using another command:

The above command executes ls with the -l option, which gives a detailed list of files in the current directory. The > operator redirects the output to the file directory.txt, instead of printing it to the screen. If directory.txt does not exist, it is created first. If it already exists, its contents will be replaced.

Redirecting to the end of a file

The redirect operator >> is similar to >, but instead of overwriting the file contents, it appends the new data to the end of the file. For instance, the command:

Источник

5 Commands to View the Content of a File in Linux Command Line

If you are new to Linux and you are confined to a terminal, you might wonder how to view a file in the command line.

Reading a file in Linux terminal is not the same as opening file in Notepad. Since you are in the command line mode, you should use commands to read file in Linux.

Don’t worry. It’s not at all complicated to display a file in Linux. It’s easy as well essential that you learn how to read files in the line.

Here are five commands that let you view the content of a file in Linux terminal.

5 commands to view files in Linux

Before you how to view a file in Unix like systems, let me clarify that when I am referring to text files here. There are different tools and commands if you want to read binary files.

1. Cat

This is the simplest and perhaps the most popular command to view a file in Linux.

Cat simply prints the content of the file to standard display i.e. your screen. It cannot be simpler than this, can it?

cat displays the content of the file on the screen

Cat becomes a powerful command when used with its options. I recommend reading this detailed tutorial on using cat command.

The problem with cat command is that it displays the text on the screen. Imagine if you use cat command with a file that has 2000 lines. Your entire screen will be flooded with the 200 lines and that’s not the ideal situation.

So, what do you do in such a case? Use less command in Linux (explained later).

The nl command is almost like the cat command. The only difference is that it prepends line numbers while displaying the text in the terminal.

nl command displays text with line numbers

There are a few options with nl command that allows you to control the numbering. You can check its man page for more details.

3. Less

Less command views the file one page at a time. The best thing is that you exit less (by pressing q), there are no lines displayed on the screen. Your terminal remains clean and pristine.

I strongly recommend learning a few options of the Less command so that you can use it more effectively.

There is also more command which was used in olden days but less command has more friendly features. This is why you might come across the humorous term ‘less is more’.

4. Head

Head command is another way of viewing text file but with a slight difference. The head command displays the first 10 lines of a text file by default.

You can change this behavior by using options with head command but the fundamental principle remains the same: head command starts operating from the head (beginning) of the file.

5. Tail

Tail command in Linux is similar and yet opposite to the head command. While head command displays file from the beginning, the tail command displays file from the end.

By default, tail command displays the last 10 lines of a file.

Head and Tail commands can be combined to display selected lines from a file. You can also use tail command to see the changes made to a file in real time.

Bonus: Strings command

Okay! I promised to show only the commands for viewing text file. And this one deals with both text and binary files.

Strings command displays the readable text from a binary file.

No, it doesn’t convert binary files into text files. If the binary file consists of actual readable text, strings command displays those text on your screen. You can use the file command to find the type of a file in Linux.

Conclusion

Some Linux users use Vim to view the text file but I think that’s overkill. My favorite command to open a file in Linux is the less command. It leaves the screen clear and has several options that makes viewing text file a lot easier.

Since you now know ways to view files, maybe you would be interested in knowing how to edit text files in Linux. Cut and Paste are two such commands that you can use for editing text in Linux terminal. You may also read about creating files in Linux command line.

Источник

can’t open txt files in linux that were created in linux

#1 Achaemenid

I am unable to open txt files I created a month ago using the same computer and the same OS.

The the major changes I made were moving most of my files from the internal hard drive to an external backup.

And moving most of these files into a veracrypt volume.

Now I get the message shown on the screenshot

Though I created these files as txt, they now have no extensions and adding a .txt does not make them openable.

None of the applications in the «open with» list work.

Any suggestions appreciated.

Attached Files

• CAN’T OPEN TXT LINUX FILES.png30.39KB 0 downloads

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#2 Achaemenid

Many files in a veracrypt volume suddenly are now empty and pdf files cannot be opened.

I use Linux 17.2

I have shifted and replaced many of these files but most of them were replacements of themselves.

I also performed some operations in the terminal to change file permissions.

I would appreciate knowing if the content of these files can be recovered.

Is any of this due to the files being in an encrypted drive? I have not noticed this problem with files anywhere but the encrypted drive.

Edited by Achaemenid, 11 November 2017 — 12:15 PM.

#3 Al1000

Hi, I have merged these topics because they appear to relate to the same problem. It is helpful to keep all information relating to each problem, in the same topic.

There is a fair chance that it’s no coincidence, that the problem is only with files that have been on this encrypted drive.

In Linux 17.2, please do the following:

1) Click on «Home» or «Computer» on the desktop, and navigate to the directory that the files are currently in.

2) Right click in the window, and select «Open In Terminal.»

3) Run the following command, then copy and paste the output into your next post. This will provide essential information about permissions and file sizes. If the output is too long to post, just post the first few lines:

#4 mremski

pretty much all the encrypted disk stuff requires a password to actually open the disk/directory. If you don’t do the right steps and actually mount the encrypted volume, all the data is encrypted and you can’t use it. Changing permissions is not going to recover that. You need to rearead any tutorials on «how to use veracrypt» and remember what you did when you set it up.

FreeBSD since 3.3, only time I touch Windows is to fix my wife’s computer

#5 Achaemenid

Hi, I have merged these topics because they appear to relate to the same problem. It is helpful to keep all information relating to each problem, in the same topic.

There is a fair chance that it’s no coincidence, that the problem is only with files that have been on this encrypted drive.

In Linux 17.2, please do the following:

1) Click on «Home» or «Computer» on the desktop, and navigate to the directory that the files are currently in.

2) Right click in the window, and select «Open In Terminal.»

3) Run the following command, then copy and paste the output into your next post. This will provide essential information about permissions and file sizes. If the output is too long to post, just post the first few lines:

Thanks very much for responding on this and providing this diagnostic advice.

When I first opened the VC volume I could open the files, then within a few minutes, they started to become unopenable.

This includes .odt files which are meant to work with linux, as well as .txt files

I am thinking that just the VC directory and maybe just certain folders in it are being hacked whenever I open it and am connected to the internet at the same time. They contain political activism work.

#6 Achaemenid

pretty much all the encrypted disk stuff requires a password to actually open the disk/directory. If you don’t do the right steps and actually mount the encrypted volume, all the data is encrypted and you can’t use it. Changing permissions is not going to recover that. You need to rearead any tutorials on «how to use veracrypt» and remember what you did when you set it up.

I have read quite a bit about VC. If I were not following the right steps, the VC volume would not open at all.

As far as I can remember, I just set up a standard volume, not a hidden volume. Not a volume within a volume. Not a system volume. The disk/drive itself is not encrypted.

As far as pdfs, go I was usually able to open them by right clicking, then going to «open with document viewer.»

With text files within a vc volume, you have to click on «display» to open and work with them.

Edited by Achaemenid, 19 November 2017 — 11:22 AM.

#7 Achaemenid

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-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 1222 Sep 2 2014 RE FATCA FOREIGN BANK KONTO in HK.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 844 Jul 3 2014 RE FATCA FOREIGN BANK KONTO.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 118 Jan 5 2015 REFERENCES.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 993 Feb 12 2012 RUSS CONCERNS US ADOPTION.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 365 Sep 9 2012 RUSSIA CL POST.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 877414 Nov 6 2016 SANDY HOOK SHOOTER.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 135778 Jun 30 2016 SCREENSHOT LETTER IRISH CHAMBER.png
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 743 Mar 19 2012 SEAN PENN HOAX MOVIES.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 57 Oct 16 2011 SECRET SOCIETIES XTIAN PERSPECTIVE.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 38 Mar 27 2014 SECURE SMART PHONE MESSAGING.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 329705 Jul 21 2014 SED — SELF ENCRYPTING DRIVES GEHEIM BYZ.pdf
drwx—— 3 serapis serapis 32768 Nov 10 00:02 SF BYZ
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 42 Jun 12 02:55 sites for byz
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 42755 Sep 1 2011 socialist analysis ngo thailand good.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 90 May 12 2014 SOCIAL NETWORK FOR NEIGHBORHOODS.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 125 Dec 29 2016 SOCL ENGINEERING MAYBE TACTIC.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 32 Mar 18 2016 SOC NET BYZ TO JOIN.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 339 Dec 27 2011 SOMETHING EVIL BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 339 Dec 27 2011 SOMETHING EVIL.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 1532 Jul 25 2011 SPANISH WING.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 284 Jul 6 2016 SPECIAL TWIT LIST BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 4904 Aug 3 2016 SPEECH BYZ STUDIES.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 157 Jun 13 2012 SPENSER QUOTE.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 255315 Sep 4 2012 SSRN-id2141350 — SPEECH TO JURY.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 24323 Mar 19 2014 STATS 22 PERCENT BYZANTIUM.odt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 6447 Mar 19 2014 STATS 22 PERCENT BYZANTIUM.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 66 Aug 24 22:49 St Exupery quote
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 19968 Feb 11 2009 Still raise for good the supplicating voice.doc
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 10704 Aug 6 02:07 sting ops.odt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 1252 Dec 11 2013 STRANGE SITE BYZANTIUM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 20480 Jul 22 2012 STRATALOG BYZANTIUM.doc
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 9216 Dec 31 2013 STRATEGEM 4 BYZANTIUM.doc
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 12358 Nov 30 2013 STRATEGIES FOR MEETING BYZANTIUM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 1454 Sep 2 2014 STRATEGIES NGO BYZANTIUM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 516 Oct 1 2011 SUPPORT GROUP PREP BYZANTIUM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 9826 Jul 22 2016 SYMBOL.jpg
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 47 Nov 2 2013 TEAM NAMES BYZANTIUM VIDEO GAME INSPIRED.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 97 Sep 29 2013 TEEN DEATH BOOT CAMP BYZANTIUM MEDIA POL JURY.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 305 Aug 28 2011 temp mailing list TO MAIL BYZANTIUM BOYCOTT.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 3001 May 18 2014 TEXT OUTREACH.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 108502 Nov 13 2016 The Ancient Greeks Sacrificed Ugly People _ Atlas Obscura.pdf
drwx—— 2 serapis serapis 32768 Nov 10 00:02 THUMBS UP
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 20992 Jan 17 2014 TO COUNTERPUNCH.doc
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 796163 Sep 16 2015 TO DO BYZ OUTREACH-SOC NET.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 36 Sep 7 2016 TO DO HK POL BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 668174 Nov 11 2014 TO DO IMPORTANT MYSTERY CULTS.png
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 37 Oct 11 2016 TO JOIN BYZ DEVIANT.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 36 Jan 19 2016 to join byz konto.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 38 Oct 8 2016 TO JOIN BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 297 Nov 28 2016 TO POST WU.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 26 Apr 17 2009 TO QUERY ON LEGALISATION SUPPORT COCKBURN EMAIL.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 116 Apr 9 2014 TOR BLOG SITE BYZANTIUM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 1815024 Dec 18 2013 TO READ GOOD LEGAL IF TRIAL FOR BYZANTIUM.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 940 Jan 9 2014 TOR FOR CELL PHONE MOBILE GEHEIM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 10906 Apr 7 2014 TRADECRAFT.odt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 244 May 26 2014 TURNOI.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 138 May 24 2014 TWITTER KONTO.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 1366 Mar 22 2017 UNAPHONE GOOD.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 20 Aug 17 2011 UNKNOWN HOAX ALLY.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 0 Jul 31 04:29 Untitled Document
drwx—— 2 serapis serapis 32768 Nov 19 21:45 Untitled Folder
drwx—— 2 serapis serapis 32768 Nov 10 00:02 US CONS CM BYZ
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 3527554 Dec 12 2013 use for video THAIS TRAFFICKING REFUGEES INTERNATIONAL BYZANTIUM.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 655403 May 6 2014 USE PERIPHERAL CUES MKTG ADVERTISING SALES.png
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 79549 Jul 31 2012 US GOVT TRAVEL RE HOAX.pdf
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 7873 Sep 23 2012 US SUICIDE RATE UP.odt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 98 May 26 2016 VFEMAIL BYZ GEHEIM TWIT KONTO MAY 2016.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 295 Nov 1 2009 video notes byz.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 295 Nov 1 2009 video notes.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 138 Jul 17 2015 VIMEO KONTO BYZ 2015.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 131 Jan 30 2017 VOAT BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 29 Jan 21 2017 VPN AUTISTICI.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 791 Feb 16 2017 WARNING COLOMBIA BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 80 Dec 19 2013 WARNING MASKME CPTR BYZANTIUM.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 390 Apr 14 2015 WELTWEIT KOMMUNICATION BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 50 Jul 18 2011 WHAT GETS ONTO GOOGLE..txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 82 Apr 5 2014 WIKI TRADECRAFT SITE.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 165 Jan 6 2017 WOOFER BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 44 Jan 5 2014 worldwide link up poss site.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 102 Sep 16 2012 WRITE PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 2293 Aug 19 2016 X NOT HARMFUL ORIGINAL POST.txt
drwx—— 2 serapis serapis 32768 Nov 10 00:02 Y LETTER
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 194 Aug 23 2015 YOUTUBE GOOGLE KONTO BYZ.txt
-rwx—— 1 serapis serapis 142 Jul 17 2015 YOUTUBE KONTO BYZ.txt
serapis@osireiron /media/veracrypt9/BYZ linux desktop $

I had to edit this list somewhat.

I don’t notice anything unusual about the permissions.

Edited by Achaemenid, 19 November 2017 — 12:34 PM.

#8 Al1000

It seems unusual that you have permission to execute all of those files, but would put that down to you «performing operations in the terminal to change file permissions.» What’s pertinent here is that you have permission to read the files, which is what I wanted to check. The files are also of varying sizes, which indicates that they are not empty.

1) Which application did you use to create the files that end in .txt?

2) What happens if you follow steps 1 and 2 in post #3, then run this command?
Also try this:

Edited by Al1000, 19 November 2017 — 03:38 PM.

#9 Achaemenid

I created these files as I do with all text files in linux, by going to «Menu», then «Accessories», then «Text Editor.» I believe the program is gedit.

the command with «cat» seems to reveal the content of the file.

the command with «file» is pasted here:

serapis@osireiron /media/veracrypt4/BYZ linux desktop $ file «HOAX PROPAGANDA.txt»
HOAX PROPAGANDA.txt: UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text, with CRLF line terminators
serapis@osireiron /media/veracrypt4/BYZ linux desktop $
===================================================================

Thanks very much for helping me to open these files again.

How can I restore these files? I have moved the files from non-encrypted to the encrypted drive.

Edited by Achaemenid, 21 November 2017 — 03:06 PM.

#10 Al1000

The output of file looks unusual. One way of restoring files you can read with cat is:

Open a terminal in the directory you wish to «restore» the files to, then run this command:

That will create a new file, with the same name and contents as the old file, in your chosen directory.

Another thing to try is, follow steps 1 and 2 in post #3 again, then run this command:
Gedit should then try to open the file, and if it can’t, hopefully an error message will be displayed in the terminal, giving us a clue as to what is wrong.

#11 Achaemenid

For some reason, my files in the Veracrypt volume are now opening normally for Veracrypt:

txt files do not open the same as they do in non-encrypted drives, they must be opened by clicking «display» then they can be operated on normally.

pdf files are now opening normally.

I cannot explain this quirky behavior, but Linux Mint seems to be doing a lot of this. Or maybe it is just the programs I use with it.

I had a disaster with KeePassX causing me to remove it.

My external HDD (seagate) is continually being disabled so I have take out the usb plug and reinserting it.

I will be working in the external HDD then suddenly the file system flips back to my home directory.

I assumed this problem was due to hacking since it only occurred in in one directory in the VC volume.

Thanks for this remedy.

#12 Al1000

Glad you’re getting somewhere.

Many if not most problems that I see involving USB external hard drives, seem to be the fault of the drives themselves.

#13 Achaemenid

The output of file looks unusual. One way of restoring files you can read with cat is:

Open a terminal in the directory you wish to «restore» the files to, then run this command:

That will create a new file, with the same name and contents as the old file, in your chosen directory.

Another thing to try is, follow steps 1 and 2 in post #3 again, then run this command:
Gedit should then try to open the file, and if it can’t, hopefully an error message will be displayed in the terminal, giving us a clue as to what is wrong.

I am revisiting this thread because I have just dumped Ubuntu and installed Linux Mint 18.3. The problem with txt files is recurring, althoug so far libreoffice files and pdfs are opening normally.

Your method (above) works on single files but that would take a lot of time.

I am wondering if there is a single command I can use that will restore all the gedit files in a directory.

Another factor to consider is that the Veracrypt volume I have in this directory is meant to look like a gedit (txt) file. So if I apply some rule to all txt files, I hope it would not make the VC volume unopenable. I remember you said above that it was strange that the files all seem to have execute permissions.

If it is the presence of the VC volume in the directory, I am wondering if I should create a seperate directory just for the VC volume.

Edited by Achaemenid, 19 February 2018 — 10:18 AM.

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