Oracle linux kernel headers

Manage the Boot Kernel for Oracle Linux 8

Introduction

This tutorial describes how to set the default kernel of an Oracle Linux system from the command line. This tutorial is targeted at Oracle Linux 8 users, but the grubby command is also available on Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7.

Background

By default, Oracle Linux systems are configured to boot the most recent kernel version first. In most cases, changing the default kernel is unnecessary.

However, the default kernel might not be the correct version to use in certain scenarios, such as the following:

• The current kernel version might be incompatible with a particular hardware you are using.
• Cases involving Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) releases on the system
• UEK releases are typically based on kernel versions that are newer than the Red Hat Compatible Kernel (RHCK) version on which an Oracle Linux release is based. Thus, the new UEK version becomes the default kernel, which is not the same as the Oracle Linux kernel.
• If a UEK beta or technical preview release is installed on the system, the UEK kernel needs to be demoted to ensure that the kernel is used only if intentionally and manually selected as the boot kernel by an administrator.
• A UEK kernel might need to be promoted because a specific software depends on it.

These examples and other similar cases would necessitate that you switch between kernel types.

In previous releases, setting the default kernel was performed by configuring the GRUB boot loader or by using other alternative commands. Now, however, you should preferrably use the grubby command to control and manage all of your boot requirements. This tool offers the benefit of being scriptable and can abstract bootloader configuration from the user.

Objectives

In this lab, you’ll learn how to:

• determine the current loaded kernel
• determine the default kernel
• determine which kernel versions are available on the system
• how to use grubby to manage kernels

What Do You Need?

• Any Oracle Linux system that has the grubby package installed

(Hands-on Lab) Connect to the Compute Instance

Note: This step is specific to the Oracle provided free lab environment.

The Desktop environment will display before the instance(s) are ready. Deployment of this environment can take two to five minutes, depending on the number of resources and provisioning steps needed.

First, to access the lab compute instance(s), connect to the Oracle Cloud Console and copy the compute instance Public IP address.

1. Sign in to Oracle Cloud Console, and select your Compartment.
2. Click Instances.

Copy the Public IP to a temporary location (such as a text file) on your computer.

To copy, highlight the IP address with the mouse and press Ctrl+C.

Connect to the instance.

Where is the IP address copied from the Oracle Cloud Console.

Accept the ECDSA key fingerprint by typing yes at the prompt.

You are now connected to the compute instance for this lab.

If the connection fails with the Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic) message, wait a bit longer for the provisioning process to complete and try making the ssh connection again.

Check available kernels

Several methods are available for checking which kernels are available on a system.

Using the rpm command

Note that the command output also includes other kernel related packages and can therefore be confusing.

Listing the kernels in the /boot directory

The command produces an accurate list of kernels available on the system. However, due to the way kernels are named, the kernel version that the system currently uses is not easily identifiable.

Using the grubby command on specific kernels or using the ALL option:

The command provides fuller information about the boot configuration associated with each kernel in the system’s /boot directory. The details are based on the GRUB title configuration.

In general, kernels are named to include the upstream version number and the distribution build numbering. The kernel names on Oracle Linux also include indications of whether or not they are standard RHCK or whether they are UEK based. Additionally, the names also identify their system architecture. For example, the el8 suffix would indicate an RHCK, while el8uek would indicate a UEK.

Check the current default kernel

To check which kernel is already configured as the current default kernel to use at boot, run:

To check which kernel is currently running on a system, run:

If the default kernel and the currently running kernel are not identical, the underlying reasons might be one of the following:

• A newer kernel is installed, but the system has not been rebooted.
• During a system reboot, an alternative kernel was manually selected to be the operative kernel.
• The default kernel was manually updated but the system has not been rebooted after the update.

Change the default kernel

To switch to a different default kernel, run the following command. Make sure to specify the full path to the designated default kernel.

The change takes effect immediately and persists across system reboots.

The grubby command has additional boot arguments for configuring kernel and boot operations. Refer to the documentation for more information.

Change kernel command line boot parameters

Use the —update-kernel option to update a kenel entry in combination with —args to add new arguments or —remove-arguments to remove existing arguments. Multiple arguments can be specified for each option in a quoted space-separated list. You can add and remove arguments in the same operation.

To update a specific kernel, provide the —update-kernel option with the full path to the kernel that you wish to update. To update all kernel entries to use a specific kernel boot argument, you can set —update-kernel=ALL .

For the purpose of this tutorial you can update all kernel entries to change the loglevel and LANG arguments:

Use the grubby info=ALL command to check that the change is implemented across kernels:

Video Demonstrations

An introductory video that provides an overview of the kernel and underlying system architecture and which demonstrates switching kernel using the grubby command is provided at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0zXGhzPRp8.

A more advanced video demonstration and tutorial is provided at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dv87RFGcKI if you need more information on working with GRUB2 on Oracle Linux 8.

Note that this tutorial does not describe use of the grubby command and explains the underlying components that grubby interacts with. For most kernel management requirements on Oracle Linux, the grubby tool is sufficient.

Additional Information

More Learning Resources

Explore other labs on docs.oracle.com/learn or access more free learning content on the Oracle Learning YouTube channel. Additionally, visit education.oracle.com/learning-explorer to become an Oracle Learning Explorer.

For product documentation, visit Oracle Help Center.

Manage the Boot Kernel for Oracle Linux 8

Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Источник

Getting Kernel Headers Oracle Linux 7 UEK

Recently I needed to obtain kernel headers for a couple of different Oracle Linux UEK kernel versions. This post is to summarize how that was done. Some useful information that for whatever reason helped to point me in the right direction were found here and here . Note that I found that the repo did not required enabling extra repos as described (addons and latest ol7 release); this may be because the method has changed since OL5 when one of those referenced posts was written. I found that the default OL7 repo was sufficient to get the header packages. My public-yum-ol7.repo file is shown below. Note that I have added the new UEK4 repo as well. The new UEK4 repo can be added by simply copying the UEK3 repo stanza and changing from «3» to «4» in the new stanza.

[root@ol72 yum.repos.d]# cat public-yum-ol7.repo

name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)

enabled=1

name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)

name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch)

name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch)

name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)

enabled=1

name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 4 for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)

enabled=1

name=Oracle Linux $releasever Optional Latest ($basearch)

name=Oracle Linux $releasever Add ons ($basearch)

name=OFED supporting tool packages for Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel on Oracle Linux 7 ($basearch)

name=MySQL 5.6 for Oracle Linux 7 ($basearch)

name=MySQL 5.5 for Oracle Linux 7 ($basearch)

name=Spacewalk Client 2.2 for Oracle Linux 7 ($basearch)

The kernel header packages that are available can be listed as shown below.

Источник

Oracle Linux 5.6 Release Notes

Updated June 2011

Introduction

This document covers the following topics regarding Oracle Linux 5.6.

For the latest updates please refer to the online version of release notes available at:

NOTE: An upgrade of Oracle Linux from a beta release is not supported. Further, an in-place upgrade between major versions of Oracle Linux is not supported. Oracle does not recommend an upgrade from earlier major versions of Oracle Linux even though anaconda provides an option to do this upgrade. A fresh installation is strongly recommended rather than a system upgrade between major versions.

Changes from the Upstream Release

The following RPMs are modified from the upstream release. All changes are trademark and look/feel related unless otherwise noted below under the specific RPM.

• anaconda — Path of the Distribution changed from RedHat to Enterprise on the install CDs.
• anacron
• autofs
• basesystem
• booty
• bug-buddy
• clustermon
• cmirror-kmod
• conga
• cyrus-imapd
• device-mapper-multipath
• eclipse
• efax
• eruby
• filesystem
• firefox
• firstboot
• freeipmi
• gfs-kmod
• gnbd-kmod
• gnome-desktop
• gnome-session
• gpm
• gstreamer
• gzip
• httpd
• ibutils
• initscripts
• iptables
• iptraf
• iscsi-initiator
• iscsi-initiator-utils
• java
• jpackage-utils
• jsch
• kdbg
• kdeadmin
• kdeartwork
• kdebase
• kdelibs
• kernel — Additional kernel containing additional fixes by Oracle (see Kernel and Driver Update section)
• kexec-tools
• kvm
• libvirt
• libwvstreams
• libxml2
• libxslt
• mcelog
• memtest86+
• mkbootdisk
• mkinitrd
• net-snmp
• nmap
• nss
• numactl
• openib
• pango
• perl
• perl-XML-Simple
• piranha
• pirut
• procmail
• psacct
• python-virtinst
• redhat-artwork
• redhat-lsb
• redhat-rpm-config
• rhgb
• rhpl
• rhpxl
• rpm
• setroubleshoot
• sgml-common
• sgpio
• sos
• specspo
• squirrelmail
• stunnel
• system-config-bind
• system-config-date
• system-config-httpd
• system-config-kickstart
• system-config-netboot
• system-config-network
• system-config-nfs
• system-config-printer
• system-config-samba
• system-config-services
• system-config-soundcard
• system-config-users
• tftp
• tog-pegasus
• tux
• unzip
• util-linux
• wireshark — ocfs2 related fix.
• xorg-x11-drv-evdev
• xorg-x11-server
• xulrunner
• yum-rhn-plugin

The following packages have been removed

• redhat-logos — Replaced by oracle-logos
• redhat-release — Replaced by enterprise-release
• redhat-release-notes-5Server — Replaced by enterprise-release-notes-5Server
• rhn-client-tools — Replaced by up2date
• rhnsd — Replaced by up2date

The following documentation packages are removed

• Deployment_Guide
• Virtualization
• Global_File_System
• Cluster_Administration

New Packages added in this release

The following packages were added upstream for this release (5.6) which were not in the previous update release (5.5)

• bind97
• c-ares
• certmonger
• dropwatch
• ebtables
• hplip3
• ipa-client
• ipa-gothic-fonts
• ipa-mincho-fonts
• ipa-pgothic-fonts
• ipa-pmincho-fonts
• libldb
• libtalloc
• libtdb
• libtevent
• mod_revocator
• php53
• python-pycurl
• sssd
• xmlrpc-c

New Packages added by Oracle

The following packages have been added to the release

• oraclelinux-release
• enterprise-release
• enterprise-release-notes
• irqbalance
• kernel-uek
• lantencytop
• ocfs2 (1.4)
• ocfs2-tools
• oracle-logos
• oracleasm
• oracleasm-support
• oracle-validated
• up2date

Kernel and Driver Updates

Oracle Linux 5.6 ships with following three sets of kernel packages

• Unbreakable Enterprise kernel [kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
  • Only available on x86_64 (64bit) platform
  • Installed and booted by default
• Red Hat compatible Kernel [kernel-2.6.18-238.el5].
  • Installed by default
• Red Hat compatible Kernel with bug fixes added by Oracle [kernel-2.6.18-238.0.0.0.1.el5]
  • This kernel is available on x86 and x86-64, can only be installed manually (see below for details)

Note:Both Unbreakable Enterprise kernel and Red Hat compatible kernel are installed on 64 bit (x86_64) platform and the system boots with Unbreakable Enterprise kernel by default. If needed /etc/grub.conf can be modifed to make the system boot with Red Hat compatible kernel by default.

Red Hat Compatible Kernel

This section covers significant changes in the Red Hat compatible kernel in this release.This kernel is the default kernel when you install Oracle Linux on a 32 bit platform.

Fixes/Additions from the upstream distribution provider

• The tpm_tis driver is automatically loaded at boot time.
• Added support for ITE-887x chips
• Updated qeth driver to add support for the OSX and OSM OSA CHPID types.
• Updated High Definition Audio (ALSA-HDA) drivers.
• System Tap updated to version 1.3. to provide an integrated compile-server client, automatic structure prettyprinting, faster and improved stack backtraces, and new sample scripts.
• Updated Kernel Probes (kprobes) implementation
• Updated Per-task statistics interface (taskstats)
• Added support for TCP cubic congested control
• Added support for the one packet scheduler in the networking stack
• Added networking tuning parameters, ip_local_reserved_ports and ip_local_port_range. These parameters allow users to reserve ports for third-party applications, and blacklist known offending ports.
• Added parameter /proc/sys/vm/vm_devzero_optimizedto to skip ZERO_PAGE mmap of /dev/zero device
• Enhanced iSNS, in the iSCSI Initiator, and the iSNS server

Driver Updates

Support for the following drivers is added to the installer in this release:

• The Brocade BNA Ethernet Controller driver.
• The cxgb4 driver.
• The 3w-sas driver.

Network

• I/O AT (I/O Acceleration Technology) and DCA drivers have been updated.
• Added support for zd1211 driver for the ZyDAS ZD1211(b) 802.11a/b/g USB WLAN device .
• Updated qlcnic driver to the latest upstream version
• Updated be2net driver for ServerEngines BladeEngine2 10Gbps network devices to version 2.102.512r
• Updated bnx2 driver to version 2.0.8
• Updated bnx2x driver to version 1.52.53-4
• Updated forcedeth ethernet driver for NVIDIA nForce devices to the latest upstream version
• Updated e1000e driver to version 1.2.7-k2
• Updated enic driver for Cisco 10G Ethernet devices to version 1.4.1.2
• Updated igb driver for Intel Gigabit Ethernet Adapters to support PCI-AER
• Updated ixgbe driver to version 2.0.84-k2
• Updated netxen driver to version 4.0.73
• Updated qlge driver to version 1.00.00.25
• Updated Solarflare driver (sfc) to version 2.6.36-4c1
• Updated tg3 driver to version 3.108+
• Updated vxge driver for Neterion’s X3100 Series 10GbE PCIe devices to version 2.0.8.20182-k

Storage

• Updated cciss driver for HP Smart Array controllers to version 3.6.22.RH1

  Red Hat Compatible Kernel with Bug Fixes by Oracle

  This is the Red Hat compatible kernel with critical bug fixes produced by Oracle.

  Bug Fixes

  • Fix filp_close() race [orabug 10335998]
  • Fix missing aio_complete() in end_io [orabug 10365195]
  • Make xenkbd.abs_pointer=1 by default [orabug 67188919]
  • Check to see if hypervisor supports memory reservation change [orabug 7556514]
  • Enable entropy for bnx2,bnx2x,e1000e,igb,ixgb,ixgbe,ixgbevf [orabug 10315433]
  • Add xen pv netconsole support [orabug 6993043] [bz 7258]
  • shrink_zone patch [orabug 6086839]
  • Fix aacraid not to reset during kexec [orabug 8516042]
  • Patch rds to 1.4.2-20 [orabug 9471572, 9344105]
  • Fix BUG_ONs to not fire when in a tasklet -RDS
  • Fix lockup of the tx queue — ipoib
  • Do not call set_page_dirty() with irqs off — RDS
  • Properly unmap when getting a remote access error — RDS
  • Fix locking in rds_send_drop_to() — RDS
  • Fix qla not to query hccr [Orabug 8746702]
  • Too many getattr and access calls after direct I/O [orabug 9348191]
  • PVHVM guest with PoD crashes under memory pressure [orabug 9107465]
  • PV guest with FC HBA hangs during shutdown [orabug 9764220]
  • Support 256GB+ memory for pv guest [orabug 9450615]
  • Fix overcommit memory to use percpu_counter [orabug 6124033]
  • Make configurable timeouts for kcs of ipmi [orabug 9752208]
  • Fix memory corruption — ipoib [orabug 9972346]
  • Patch removes limit on number of retries an aio can submit [orabug 10044782]
  • Do not call loop_unplug for not configured loop device [orabug 10314497]

  Installation

  This kernel needs to be manually installed. Use following steps to install this kernel

  1. Mount Oracle Linux 5.6 DVD
  2. Copy the rpms from mount_point/Server/oracle_updated to your system
  3. Install required kernel using the rpm command, e.g.
     # rpm -ihv kernel-2.6.18-238.0.0.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm

  Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel ( x86_64 architecture only)

  Introduction

  The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is based on the upstream kernel 2.6.32-21 stable source tree with additional performance improvements, including:

  • improved IRQ balancing
  • reduced lock contention across the kernel
  • improved network I/O via receive packet steering and RDS improvements
  • improved virtual memory performance

  The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is available for the x86_64 architecture and is the default kernel after installation.

  Note: Starting this release Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel package name has changed from kernel to kernel-uek.

  New Features

  The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is tickless. In the tickless kernel, timer interrupts are performed on demand rather than at a predetermined frequency. This allows CPUs to stay in a low power state when the system is idle, reducing overall power consumption

  OFED implements Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) and kernel bypass mechanisms to deliver high-efficiency computing, wire-speed messaging, ultra-low microsecond latencies and fast I/O for servers, block storage and file systems.

  The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel includes the OCFS2 1.6 kernel module. New features include:

  • JBD2 support
  • Extended attributes
  • POSIX ACLs
  • Security attributes
  • Metadata checksums
  • Indexed directories
  • REFLINKs

  For more details, see the OCFS2 1.6 User’s Guide

  TCG can track and group processes into user-defined cgroups so that the operating system can treat them as whole and perform scheduling, accounting, and resource allocation accordingly. For example, using TCG, you can associate a set of CPU cores and memory nodes to a group of processes that make up an application or a group of applications. This enables subsetting larger systems, more fine grained control over CPU and memory, and isolation of applications.

  The performance counter subsystem keeps track of hardware and software events without affecting performance and enables you to do tracing and performance analysis. includes the a tool called perf for analysis.

  Latency can be defined as follows: an applications wants to run and execute code, but is blocked by the kernel because some required resource is not available. LatencyTOP is a Linux tool for software developers (both kernel and userspace), aimed at identifying where system latency occurs, and what kind of operation or action is causing the latency to happen. By identifying this, developers can then change the code to avoid the worst latency hiccups.

  The kernel block layer will detect devices that claim to be fast,solid state storage and tune itself accordingly. The result of this detection can be found in:

  Where xxx is the block device. Echoing a 0 or a 1 into this file will force the value to off or on. When assuming a device is an SSD, the block layer will try harder to immediately dispatch the IO to the device.

  IO affinity ensures processing of a completed IO is handled by the same CPU that initiated the IO. It can have a fairly large impact on performance, especially on large NUMA machines. IO affinity is turned on by default, but it can be controlled via the tunable in /sys/block/xxx/queue/rq_affinity. For example, the following will turn IO affinity on:

  RPS distributes the load of received packet processing across multiple CPUs. This solution allows protocol processing (e.g. IP and TCP) to be performed on packets in parallel. This removes a bottleneck when a single core is saturated processing network interrupts. To enable receive packet steering for the interface xxx, place a CPU mask into The cpu mask takes the same form as the masks for the taskset command. For example:

  fallocate() is a new system call which will allow applications to preallocate space to any file(s) in a file system. Applications can get a guarantee of space for particular file(s) — even if later the system becomes full. Using this method of allocation can dramatically speed up the creation of large files such as those used for virtual machine images.

  Known Issues

  1. Hardware virtualized guest with kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.35.1.el5uek and higher

  Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel version kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.35.1 adds support for paravirtualized drivers in a harware virtualized guest on Oracle VM. Starting this kernel version hardware virtualized guests which are not configured to use paravirtualized drivers will need an additional kernel boot parameter «xen_emul_unplug=never» in /etc/grub.conf: With kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.35.1 and higher, the default is to present only paravirtualized drivers when running in a hardware virtualized guest on Oracle VM. Adding this kernel boot parameter makes the kernel also present the emulated drivers as it did before (e.g. the 8139cp network driver may no longer load if this parameter is not set).

  Older version of Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel do not have support for hardware virtualized guest that uses paravirtualized drivers (PVHVM).

  Package kernel-uek-headers is available in «Enterprise Linux 5 Add ons (x86_64)» (el5_x86_64_addons) channel on ULN. To install kernel-uek-headers subscribe to el5_x86_64_addons channel and install kernel-uek-headers using following command To replace kernel-uek-headers with kernel-headers

  • make sure system is not subscribed to el5_x86_64_addons channel
  • remove package kernel-uek-headers using following command
  • Install kernel-headers package using following command

  On some hardware, the console may appear to hang during the boot process after starting udev. But the system does boot up properly and is accessible. A workaround to this problem is to add «nomodeset» as a kernel boot parameter in /etc/grub.conf:

  The following error may be encountered while mounting an NFS filesystem: This is an informative message and can be ignored

  Please use the following steps to configure the serial console in a paravirtualized guest (PV) using the Unbreakable Enterprise kernel (updates are in the guest):

  1. change the kernel boot parameter ‘console=xvc0’ to ‘console=hvc0’ in the /etc/grub.conf:
  2. add an ‘hvc0’ entry to /etc/inittab:
  3. add an ‘hvc0’ entry to /etc/securetty

  .

  On some hardware startup of X environment may fail after upgrading to Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel with following Error: To workaround this issue reconfigure X using command «X -configure» and use generated configuration file to start X environment.

  With unbreakable Enterprise Kernel higher memory setting is required for crashkernel option in /etc/grub.conf file. Booting with crashkernel=128M@16M will result in following error: Minimum value for crashkernel option is 128M@32M. Based on the system configuration a higher value may be required. If kdump service loading fails increase the second value (32M). If the system hangs or crashes with out of memory during dumping core increase the first value (128M)

  Unbreakable Enterprise kernel does not recognise /dev/hd* entries in hardware virtualized guests. Make sure to use lables for all /dev/hd* devices in /etc/fstab before updating the kernel. This kernel package will not install if / or /boot partition is using devices like /dev/hd* in /etc/fstab.

  Technology Preview Features

  The following Technology Preview features are currently not supported under Oracle Linux 5 and may not be functionally complete.

  • Brocade BFA Fibre-Channel/FCoE driver
  • FreeIPMI
  • TrouSerS and tpm-tools
  • eCryptfs
  • Stateless Linux
  • AIGLX
  • FireWire
  • ktune
  • SGPIO Support for dmraid
  • Kernel Tracepoint Facility
  • Device Failure Monitoring of RAID sets
  • Software based Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
  • iSER Support
  • cman fence_virsh fence agent
  • glibc new MALLOC behaviour
  • Intel Patsburg device controllers
  • ipa-client
  • kerberos security for CIFS

  These features are not suitable for production use. However, these features are included to provide the feature with wider exposure.

  Known Issues

  1. The versions of kpartx and device-mapper-multipath installed by default, while required for the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, do not work with the Red Hat compatible kernel.

  The instructions for installing the versions of kpartx and device-mapper-multipath to go with the Red Hat compatible kernel via ULN are as follows:

  • Make sure you are subscribed to the Oracle Linux 5 Latest channel or at least the Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 Patch channel on ULN
  • Download the RPMs using the following command: RPMs will be downloaded to /var/spool/up2date
  • Boot the system with RHAT compatible kernel.
  • Flush out the DM multipath devices
  • Stop the multipath deamon
  • Install/downgrade the kpartx and device-mapper-multipath rpms
  • Restart the multipath deamon
  • Run the multipath -ll command to lists all the multipath devices
  • Ensure that device-mapper-multipath and kpartx are not automatically updated with newer versions by adding the following to the pkgSkipList entry in /etc/sysconfig/rhn/up2date

• pirut and system-config-packages cannot be used to manage, install, and uninstall software packages. Follow the steps below to resolve the issue
  • Mount the DVD iso of the desired update of Oracle Linux Release 5.
  • Create yum repository configuration file /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo with following contents
  • Clear and update the yum cache
  • Run pirut/system-config-packages to manage software packages

• Following packages can not co-exists due to file conflict
  • freeradius and freeradius2
  • postgres and postgresql84
  • samba and samba3x

• If updating from Oracle Linux 5 GA or RHEL 5 GA using up2date, you may encounter the following error: This happens because a kernel-xen package update is needed by the xen package, but ‘kernel*’ is part of the up2date pkgSkipList. To get around this, add ‘xen;xen-devel;’ to the the pkgSkipList line in /etc/sysconfig/rhn/up2date and then run up2date. You can update the xen and kernel-xen packages together later via ‘up2date —force xen kernel-xen’.

Oracle Linux Support

Oracle Linux offers an option to keep your operating system up to date with latest operating system patches using up2date. To access Linux updates via Unbreakable Linux Network, you must purchase a Linux support subscription.For more information please visit http://linux.oracle.com

Note: Prior to using up2date, import the RPM-GPG-KEY for Oracle Linux:

rpm —import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY

Источник

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