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KVM User’s Guide

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ChapterВ 2В Installing KVM User Space Packages

This chapter describes how to configure the appropriate ULN channels or yum repositories, and how to install user space tools to manage a standalone instance of KVM. A final check is performed to validate whether the system is capable of hosting guest virtual machines.

2.1В Configuring Yum Repositories and ULN Channels

Virtualization packages and their dependencies are available in a variety of locations on the Oracle Linux yum server and on the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN), depending on Oracle Linux release, the system architecture and use case or support requirements.

2.1.1В Oracle Linux 7

Due to the availability of several very different kernel versions and the requirement for more recent versions of user space tools that may break compatibility with RHCK, there are several different yum repositories or ULN channels across the different supported architectures for Oracle Linux 7. Packages in the different channels have different use cases and have different levels of support. This section describes the available yum repositories and ULN channels for each architecture.

Repositories and Channels That Are Available for x86_64 Platforms

The virtualization packages that are provided in this repository or ULN channel maximize compatibility with RHCK and with RedHat Enterprise Linux. Packages from this repository or ULN channel are fully supported for all kernels.

The virtualization packages that are provided in this repository or ULN channel take advantage of newer features and functionality available in upstream packages. These packages are also engineered to work with KVM features that are enabled in the latest releases of UEK. If you install these packages, you must also install the latest version of either UEK R4 or UEK R5.

The ol7_kvm_utils and ol7_x86_64_kvm_utils channels distribute 64-bit packages only . If you manually installed any 32-bit packages, for example, libvirt-client , Yum updates from these channels will fail. To use the ol7_kvm_utils and ol7_x86_64_kvm_utils channels, you must first remove any 32-bit versions of the packages distributed by these channels that are installed on your system.

You may choose to configure on-premises virtualization the same way that you configure systems on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure or other Oracle products that use KVM. Oracle Linux provides specific virtualization packages in this channel to assist with the configuration.

Packages in this channel are delivered with limited support. Limited support coverage is only available for packages that are tested on Oracle Linux 7 with UEK. The following are the limitations and requirements:

A minimum of Oracle Linux 7.4 is required.

A minimum of Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 4 is required.

Guest operating systems, as supported on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and described at https://docs.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Compute/References/images.htm.

KVM guests boot by using iSCSI, VirtIO, VirtIO-SCSI or IDE device emulation.

The virtualization packages that are provided in these repositories or ULN channels take advantage of newer features and functionality that is available upstream, but are unsupported and are made available for developer use only .

If you are using the Oracle Linux yum server, you can configure these repositories by installing the oraclelinux-developer-release-el7 package and then enabling these repositories by editing the repository files or by using yum-config-manager .

Repositories and Channels That Are Available for aarch64 Platforms

The virtualization packages that are provided in this repository or ULN channel include the latest virtualization packages, which are available and fully supported on Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 5.

The virtualization packages that are provided in this repository or ULN channel take advantage of newer features and functionality, wh8ich are available upstream, but are unsupported and are made available for developer use only.

Virtualization packages may also be available in the ol7_developer_EPEL yum repository or the ol7_ arch _developer_EPEL ULN channel. These packages are unsupported and contain features that might never be tested on Oracle Linux and may conflict with virtualization packages from other channels. If you intend to use packages from any of the repositories or channels that are previously listed, first uninstall any virtualization packages that installed from this repository. You can also disable this repository or channel or set exclusions to prevent virtualization packages from being installed from this repository.

Depending on your use case and support requirements, you must enable the repository or ULN channel that you require before installing the virtualization packages from that repository or ULN channel.

If you are using ULN, follow these steps to ensure that the system is registered with ULN and that the appropriate channel is enabled:

Log in to https://linux.oracle.com with your ULN user name and password.

On the Systems tab, from the list of registered systems, select the link name for the specified system.

On the System Details page, select Manage Subscriptions .

On the System Summary page, from the list of available channels, select each of the required channels, then click the right arrow to move each channel to the list of subscribed channels.

Select Save Subscriptions.

If you are using the Oracle Linux yum server, you can either edit the repository configuration files in /etc/yum.repos.d/ directly; or alternatively, if you have the yum-utils package installed, you can use the yum-config-manager command, for example:

If you want to prevent yum from installing the package versions from a particular repository, you can set an exclude option on these packages for that repository. For instance, to prevent yum from installing the virtualization packages in the ol7_developer_EPEL repository, use the following command:

2.1.2В Oracle Linux 8

The number of options available on Oracle Linux 8 are significantly reduced as the available kernels are newer and there are less options to select from.

Repositories and Channels That Are Available for Oracle Linux 8

The virtualization packages that are provided in this repository or ULN channel maximize compatibility with RHCK and with RedHat Enterprise Linux. Packages from this repository or ULN channel are fully supported for all kernels.

Packages released in this repository or ULN channel are released as part of the default DNF module: virt

The virtualization packages that are provided in this repository or ULN channel take advantage of newer features and functionality available in upstream packages. These packages are also engineered to work with KVM features that are enabled in the latest releases of UEK. If you install these packages, you must also install the latest version of UEK R6 to use these features.

The Oracle KVM stack packages released in this repository or ULN channel are available as a separate DNF module stream: virt:kvm_utils .

Since the Application Stream repository or channel is required for system software on Oracle Linux 8, it is enabled by default on any Oracle Linux 8 system.

If you intend to use the virt:kvm_utils application stream for improved functionality and integration with newer features released within UEK, you must subscribe to the ol8_kvm_appstream yum repository or ol8_ base_arch _kvm_utils ULN channel.

If you are using ULN, you can check that the system is registered with ULN and that the appropriate channel is enabled:

Log in to https://linux.oracle.com with your ULN user name and password.

On the Systems tab, from the list of registered systems, select the link name for the specified system.

On the System Details page, select Manage Subscriptions .

On the System Summary page, from the list of available channels, select each of the required channels, then click the right arrow to move each channel to the list of subscribed channels.

Select Save Subscriptions.

If you are using the Oracle Linux yum server, make sure that you have installed the most recent version of the oraclelinux-release-el8 package and enable the required repositories. For example:

2.2В Installing Virtualization Packages

Virtualization packages provide an interface to the KVM hypervisor, as well as user-space tools.

2.2.1В Installing Virtualization Packages During an Oracle Linux System Installation

You can use the following procedures to install virtualization packages during system installation. The Anaconda installation program can be used to install a single virtualization host. You can use a kickstart file to install virtualization hosts over the network.

Note that installation of virtualization software during system install defaults to a KVM stack most compatible with RHCK. If you wish to use an alternate KVM stack you may need to perform steps to add other yum or dnf configuration and if you are running Oracle Linux 8 you may need to select an alternate application stream for the installation.

2.2.1.1В Using the Installation Program to Install Virtualization Hosts

The following steps describe how to install a virtualization host with the Oracle Linux graphical installation program:

Boot the Oracle Linux installation media and proceed to the Software Selection screen.

Select one of the following virtualization host types:

(Available on Oracle Linux 7 and Oracle Linux 8)

Select Virtualization Host in the Base Environment section.

Select Virtualization Host in the Add-ons for Selected Environment section.

(Available only on Oracle Linux 7)

Select Server with GUI in the Base Environment section.

Select the following package groups in the Add-ons for Selected Environment section:

Follow the prompts to complete the installation.

2.2.1.2В Using a Kickstart File to Install Virtualization Hosts

You can install virtualization hosts by specifying individual packages or package groups in the %packages section of a kickstart file.

Specify virtualization packages individually, as in the following example:

Specify the appropriate package groups for the installation type in the %packages section of the kickstart file by using the @GroupID format:

Virtualization Host with GUI

2.2.2В Installing Virtualization Packages on an Existing System

Log in as the root user on the target Oracle Linux system.

Ensure that your system has the appropriate Yum repository or ULN channel enabled for the virtualization package versions that you wish to install. See Section 2.1, “Configuring Yum Repositories and ULN Channels” for more information.

Update the system so that it has the most recent packages available.

If you are using Oracle Linux 7, run the yum update command.

If you are using Oracle Linux 8, run the dnf update command.

Install virtualization packages on the system.

If you are using Oracle Linux 7 run the following commands to install the base virtualization packages and additional utilities:

If you are using Oracle Linux 8 run the following commands to install the base virtualization packages and additional utilities:

2.2.3В Upgrading Virtualization Packages

Virtualization packages are updated by using the standard yum update or dnf update command. Note that if you want to change the versions of the virtualization packages to match the versions that are shipped in a particular yum repository or ULN channel, you might need to specify the channel or repository from or to which you are installing packages. For example, you would update to the latest supported virtualization packages that are available in the ol7_kvm_utils repository as follows:

If you want to downgrade packages to a version in an alternate repository or channel, for example, to downgrade from the virtualization packages in the ol7_kvm_utils repository to the version of the same packages in the ol7_latest repository, you must first remove the existing packages before installing the packages from the alternate repository:

2.2.4В Switching Application Streams on Oracle Linux 8

Virtualization packages on Oracle Linux 8 are released as a DNF module: virt . The default stream in the module contains packages that are capable of working with both RHCK and UEK. Alternate versions of the packages that are capable of taking advantage of features supported only in UEK are available within a separate application stream: virt:kvm_utils .

For more information about DNF modules and application streams, see Oracle В® Linux 8: Managing Software on Oracle Linux.

Switching to the Oracle KVM Stack

On an existing Oracle Linux 8 system, you can switch from the default KVM stack to the Oracle KVM stack in the virt:kvm_utils stream by performing the following steps:

Remove any packages from the existing default virt stream:

Reset the virt module state so that it is neither enabled nor disabled:

Enable the virt:kvm_utils module and stream:

Perform any necessary package upgrade or downgrade operations to handle dependencies for the enabled module and stream:

Install the base packages from the virt:kvm_utils stream:

Pre-existing guests that were created using the default KVM stack are not compatible and do not start using the Oracle KVM stack.

Note that although you are able to switch to the Oracle KVM stack and install the packages while using RHCK, the stack is not compatible. You must be running a current version of UEK to use this software.

Switching to the Default KVM Stack

On an existing Oracle Linux 8 system, you can switch from the Oracle KVM stack to the default KVM stack by performing the following steps:

Remove any packages from the existing Oracle virt:kvm_utils stream:

Reset the virt module state so that it is neither enabled nor disabled:

Enable the virt module and stream:

Perform any necessary package upgrade or downgrade operations to handle dependencies for the enabled module and stream:

Install the base packages from the virt stream:

Pre-existing guests that were created using the Oracle KVM stack are not compatible and do not start using the default KVM stack.

2.3В Validating the Host System

The libvirt tools provide a validation utility that checks whether a system is capable of functioning correctly as a virtualization host. The utility can check for several virtualization functionality, but KVM functionality is covered specifically by testing the qemu virtualization type.

To test whether a system can act as a KVM host, run the following command:

If all of the checks return a PASS value, the system can host guest virtual machines. If any of the tests fail, a reason is provided and information is displayed on how to resolve the issue if such an option is available.

If the following message is displayed, the system is not capable of functioning as a KVM host:

In the event that this message is displayed, attempts to create or start a virtual machine on the host are likely to fail.

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