oval window

1 oval window

2 oval window

3 oval window

4 oval window

5 oval window

6 oval window

7 oval window

8 oval window

9 oval window

10 oval window

См. также в других словарях:

Oval window — View of the inner wall of the tympanum. (label is fen. oval. black circle near top.) … Wikipedia

oval window — ō vəl n an oval opening between the middle ear and the vestibule having the base of the stapes or columella attached to its membrane called also fenestra ovalis, fenestra vestibuli * * * see fenestra * * * fenestra v … Medical dictionary

oval window — noun Date: 1683 an oval opening between the middle ear and the vestibule having the base of the stapes or columella attached to its membrane … New Collegiate Dictionary

oval window — Anat. an oval opening at the head of the cochlea, connecting the middle and inner ear, through which sound vibrations of the stapes are transmitted. [1675 85] * * * … Universalium

oval window — o′val win′dow n. anat. an oval opening in the wall between the middle and inner ear against which the base of the stapes vibrates during sound transmission • Etymology: 1675–85 … From formal English to slang

oval window — see fenestra (ovalis) … The new mediacal dictionary

oval window — noun fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it • Syn: ↑fenestra ovalis, ↑fenestra vestibuli, ↑fenestra of the vestibule • Hypernyms: ↑fenestra … Useful english dictionary

Окно (Fenestra, Oval Window) — (в анатомии) отверстие, напоминающее окно. Овальное окно (fenestra ovalis) (или окно преддверия (fenestra vestibuli)), закрытое основанием стремени (ред.), представляет собой отверстие между средним ухом и преддверием внутреннего уха. Круглое… … Медицинские термины

fossula of oval window — f. fenestrae vestibuli … Medical dictionary

Window (disambiguation) — A window is an opening in an otherwise solid, opaque surface, through which light can pass.Window may also refer to:Business* Video window, the delay between a movie s theatrical and DVD releaseComputing* Window (computing), a display rectangle… … Wikipedia

Oval Office — President Barack Obama edits his remarks in the Oval Office prior to making a televised statement detailing the mission against Osama bin Laden, May 1, 2011 … Wikipedia

Open oval window in the heart: the more dangerous, the signs, the diagnosis, the treatment

All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.

We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.

If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.

The gap in the wall between the right and left atrium is an open oval window of the heart. Consider the causes and pathogenesis of this phenomenon, methods of treatment and prevention.

According to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10, the congenital communication between the right and left atria is included in class XVII: Q00-Q99 Congenital malformations (deformities), deformations and chromosomal abnormalities.

Q20-Q28 Congenital anomalies of the circulatory system.

Q21 Congenital malformations (malformations) of the cardiac septum.

• Q21.1 Atrial septal defect:
  • Defective coronary sinus.
  • Unopened or preserved: oval hole, secondary hole.
  • Defect of venous sinus.

The heart has a complex structure and performs many important functions. The organ is rhythmically contracted, providing blood flow through the vessels. It is located behind the breastbone in the middle section of the thoracic cavity and is surrounded by lungs. Normally, it can shift to the side, because it hangs on blood vessels and has an asymmetrical localization. Its base is turned to the spine, and the tip is facing the fifth intercostal space.

Anatomic features of the heart muscle:

• The heart of an adult person consists of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles, which are separated by partitions. The walls of the ventricles are thickened, and the walls of the atria are thin.
• The left atrium includes the pulmonary veins, and the right at the hollow. From the right ventricle there is a pulmonary artery, and from the left — an ascending aorta.
• The left ventricle and the left atrium are the left department, in which the arterial blood is located. The right ventricle and the atrium are the venous heart, that is, the right department. Between themselves, the right and left parts are separated by a solid partition.
• The left and right chambers are separated by an interventricular and interatrial septum. Thanks to them, the blood from different parts of the heart does not mix with each other.

Incomplete septal overgrowth is a congenital anomaly, that is, a residual element of embryonic development. In fact — a hole between the two atriums, through which during contractions, blood is thrown from one ventricle to another.

The interatrial aperture with the valve develops in utero and acts as a necessary condition for the normal operation of the cardiovascular system at this stage of development. It allows a part of the placental and oxygenated blood to penetrate from one atrium into another, without affecting the undeveloped and non-working lungs. This ensures a normal blood supply to the head and neck of the fetus, as well as the development of the spinal cord and brain.

At the first cry of a newborn there is a lung opening and a significant increase in pressure in the left atrium. Due to this, the valve completely closes the embryonic slot. Gradually the valve tightly fuses with the walls of the interatrial septum. That is, the gap between the right-hand left atrium is closed.

Approximately in 50% of cases, the growth of the valve occurs in the first year of life of the baby, but in some cases by 3-5 years. With a small valve size, the gap does not close and the atria are not isolated. This pathology is classified as MRS syndrome, that is, a small anomaly of the development of the heart. In adults, this problem occurs in 30% of cases.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Epidemiology

Medical statistics indicate that the open oval window (LLC) in the heart has a prevalence in two age categories:

• In children up to a year this is the norm. In an ultrasound, an anomaly is detected in 40% of newborns.
• In adults, this heart defect occurs in 3, 6% of the population.
• In patients with multiple heart defects, LLC is diagnosed in 8.9% of cases.

In 70% of cases, incomplete septal involvement is detected even in infancy. In 30% of adults, this disorder manifests itself in the form of a canal or shunt that provokes various diseases from the cardiovascular system. In healthy and full-term children, the opening grows by 50% in the first year of life.

[5], [6], [7], [8]

Causes of the open oval window

In most cases, the reasons for an open oval window are associated with a genetic predisposition. As a rule, the anomaly is transmitted along the maternal line, but it can also arise for other reasons:

• Birth of a premature baby.
• Harmful habits of the mother during pregnancy (alcohol, drug addiction, smoking).
• Congenital malformations of the heart muscle.
• Toxic poisoning with medicines during pregnancy.
• Violations of the central nervous system: severe stress and nervous experiences, emotional exhaustion.
• Connective tissue dysplasia.
• Unfavorable ecology.
• Malnutrition during pregnancy.

Very often, pathology is detected in other pathologies of heart development: an open aortic duct, birth defects of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

[9], [10], [11]

Risk factors

Defect of the interatrial septum occurs for various reasons. The risk factors for a pathological condition are most often associated with genetic disorders along the first line of kinship.

The appearance of the disorder is facilitated by:

• Increased physical activity (power sports, diving, weightlifting and others).
• Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery in patients with thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, pelvic organs.
• Harmful habits of a woman during pregnancy.
• Toxic poisoning.
• Premature birth.
• Reduced immune status of a woman.
• Bad ecological environment.
• Deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the female body during gestation due to poor nutrition.

In addition to the above factors, the disorder can be triggered by increased pressure in the right side of the heart muscle.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of development of the through hole between the atria is associated with a variety of reasons. The pathogenesis of the anomaly is based on the interaction of internal and external factors. In most cases, these are deviations in the formation, that is, connective tissue dysplasia. Violation leads to the involvement of the pathological process of the heart valves, the subvalvular apparatus and the cardiac septum.

During the spreading of the lungs of the newborn and the increase in pulmonary blood flow, the pressure in the left atrium increases, which helps to close the gap. But connective tissue dysplasia hinders this process. If primary pulmonary hypertension is diagnosed on this background, the pathology has a favorable prognosis, which increases the life expectancy of the patient.

Hemodynamically insignificant open oval window

The movement of blood through the vessels is related to the difference in hydrostatic pressure in different parts of the circulatory system. That is, blood moves from high pressure to low. This phenomenon is called hemodynamics. An open gap in the wall between the right and left atrium is located at the bottom of the oval hollow on the inner left wall of the right atrium. The hole has small dimensions from 4, 5 mm to 19 mm and is usually slit-shaped.

A hemodynamically insignificant open oval window is an anomaly that does not cause blood flow disorders and does not affect the patient’s health. This is observed if the defect is small and the valve that prevents the blood shunt from left to right. In this case, people with pathologies are unaware of its presence and lead a normal lifestyle.

[16], [17], [18], [19]

Symptoms of the open oval window

In most cases, the symptoms of an open oval window do not appear. About the presence of pathology a person finds out by chance during a routine examination. But the latent course of the disease has a characteristic symptom complex, which can for a long time remain without due attention:

• Cyanosis and increased pallor of the nasolabial triangle during physical exertion.
• Propensity to catarrhal and bronchopulmonary pathologies of inflammatory nature.
• Delayed physical development.
• Slow increase in weight in the child.
• Poor appetite.
• Respiratory failure.
• Sudden fainting condition.
• Signs of impaired cerebral circulation.
• Frequent headaches and migraines.
• Syndrome of postural hypoxemia.

The presence of the above symptomatology requires careful diagnosis and medical care. If there are various neurological disorders, this can indicate complications of the disorder due to its long course.

First signs

Specific manifestations of congenital communication between the right and left atrium has no. The first signs in most cases remain unnoticed. Suspicion of a problem occurs in such cases:

• Severe headaches and dizziness.
• Blue lips during coughing and any other physical exertion.
• Predisposition to inflammatory lesions of the respiratory system.
• Severe respiratory failure during exercise.
• Fainting condition.
• Varicose and thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities at a young age.

The company has minimal radiologic symptoms, which allow one to suspect an anomaly: an increase in blood volume in the vascular bed of the lungs and an increase in the right heart.

[20], [21], [22]

Open oval window in adults

The main vital organ of any living being is the heart. In humans, it has a complex structure and is responsible for many functions. The organ includes the left / right ventricles and atria connected by special valves. An open oval window in an adult is a pathology most often diagnosed in newborns and premature infants.

In adulthood, an open hole is a shunt. Its presence can cause changes in the cardiovascular system and lungs due to the difference in blood pressure in the atria. But the presence of this anomaly is not always a cause for concern. Very often people live fully and do not suspect about the violation. Only with the ultrasound can identify the problem.

Correct work of the heart and the body as a whole depends on the size of the defect. The size of the hole can be from 2 mm to 10 mm.

• If the window opens 2-3 mm, but is not accompanied by deviations from the cardiovascular system, then this state is not displayed on the functioning of the body.
• If the through hole is 5-7 mm, then this indicates that the disorder is hemodynamically insignificant. Deviation manifests itself only with increased physical exertion.
• If the dimensions are 7-10 mm, then the patient is diagnosed with a gaping open window. On the symptomatology the given kind of illness is similar with a congenital heart disease.

Incompleteness LLC usually does not have specific symptoms. A doctor can only guess at the causes of a painful condition. A comprehensive diagnosis is indicated for the detection of the disorder. It also takes into account the presence at first glance of clinically insignificant symptoms:

• Blueing of the nasolabial triangle in inflammatory diseases and after physical exertion.
• Frequent syncope.
• Violation of cerebral circulation.
• Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.
• The respite.
• Predisposition to colds.
• Tachycardia.
• Migraine.
• Intolerance to physical activity.
• Increased blood volume in the lungs.
• Frequent numbness of limbs and impairment of body mobility.

This disorder is diagnosed in 30% of people, it is stored from birth. But the risk of developing the disease significantly increases in athletes and with increased physical exertion. The risk group includes: divers and divers, patients with PE (pulmonary embolism) and thrombophlebitis.

Treatment of a painful condition depends on its severity. Many adults are prescribed a set of preventive methods. In especially severe cases, not only drug therapy is shown, but also surgical intervention.