Path to linux binary

Как вы указываете расположение библиотек в бинарный файл? (Linux)

Для этого вопроса я буду использовать конкретный пример, но на самом деле это обобщает практически любой бинарный файл в linux, который не может найти свои зависимые библиотеки. Итак, у меня есть программа, которая не запускается из-за отсутствия библиотек:

ldd проливает свет на проблему:

Однако корона установлена:

Как мне указать двоичному файлу, где искать «недостающую» библиотеку?

Для разового выбора установите для переменной LD_LIBRARY_PATH список каталогов, разделенных двоеточиями, для поиска. Это аналогично PATH для исполняемых файлов, за исключением того, что стандартные системные каталоги дополнительно ищутся после тех, которые указаны в среде.

Если у вас есть программа, которая хранит библиотеки в нестандартном месте и не может найти их самостоятельно, вы можете написать скрипт-обертку:

Список стандартных системных каталогов хранится в /etc/ld.so.conf . Последние системы позволяют этому файлу включать другие файлы; если у вас есть что-то вроде этого include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf , создайте новый файл, /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mala.conf содержащий каталоги, которые вы хотите добавить. После того, как вы изменили /etc/ld.so.conf или включили файл, запустите, /sbin/ldconfig чтобы ваши изменения вступили в силу (это обновит кеш).

( LD_LIBRARY_PATH также применимо ко многим другим приложениям, включая FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris и Tru64. HP-UX имеет SHLIB_PATH и Mac OS X имеет DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH . /etc/ld.so.conf У большинства аналогов есть аналоги, но расположение и синтаксис отличаются более широко.)

Если вы хотите избежать LD_LIBRARY_PATH, вы также можете сделать это во время ссылки:

-Wl, . используется для передачи дополнительных команд компоновщику, и в этом случае с -R вы указываете компоновщику сохранить этот путь как «путь поиска по умолчанию» для .so.

Я держу заметки о многих маленьких советах, подобных этому, на моем сайте:

Это указывает, что libcorona не установлен по правильному пути. Переместите каталог libcorona по правильному пути, проблема будет решена.

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Linux / UNIX: Determine where a binary command is stored / located on file system

You can use “type” or “whereis” command to find out which command shell executes and to print binary (command) file location for specified command.

whereis command example

Display ls command location along with man page path:
whereis ls
Output:
ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz

type command example

Find out which command the shell executes:
type -a ls
Output:
ls is aliased to `ls –color=tty’
ls is /bin/ls

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Category	List of Unix and Linux commands
Documentation	help • mandb • man • pinfo
Disk space analyzers	df • duf • ncdu • pydf
File Management	cat • cp • less • mkdir • more • tree
Firewall	Alpine Awall • CentOS 8 • OpenSUSE • RHEL 8 • Ubuntu 16.04 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04
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Package Manager	apk • apt
Processes Management	bg • chroot • cron • disown • fg • glances • gtop • jobs • killall • kill • pidof • pstree • pwdx • time • vtop
Searching	ag • grep • whereis • which
Shell builtins	compgen • echo • printf
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Comments on this entry are closed.

If for some reason the command you are looking for is not in your PATH you can try the locate command to find out where it might be located

i access my server through sshd using putty but after a certain period of time the port on which sshd is open is closed automatically.
i am not able to figure out this problem.
please help me thanks in advance

How to know the virsion of a binary file in UNIX?
Need unix command for the same.

Typically programs have a version command line option to print the version number. Try running ‘program -v’ or ‘program –version’. Some binary files on your system are actually a link to a specific version of that program. For example, on my system, /usr/bin/python is a link to python-2.7, so I know that I have python version 2.7. (to see if a file is a link run ‘ls -l /path/to/file’ and it will have a ‘l’ at the beginging of the line, and have an arrow at the end followed by the file that the link points to).

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How to run binary file in Linux

I have a file called commanKT and want to run it in a Linux terminal. Can someone help by giving the command to run this file? I tried ./commonRT but I’m getting the error:

11 Answers 11

To execute a binary, use: ./binary_name .

If you get an error:

bash: ./binary_name: cannot execute binary file

it’ll be because it was compiled using a tool chain that was for a different target to that which you’re attempting to run the binary on.

For example, if you compile ‘binary_name.c’ with arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc and try run the generated binary on an x86 machine, you will get the aforementioned error.

To execute a binary or .run file in Linux from the shell, use the dot forward slash friend

and if it fails say because of permissions, you could try this before executing it

The volume it’s on is mounted noexec .

🙂 If not typo, why are you using ./commonRT instead of ./commonKT ??

It is possible that you compiled your binary with incompatible architecture settings on your build host vs. your execution host. Can you please have a look at the enabled target settings via

on your build host? In particular, the COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS variable may give you valuable debug info. Then have a look at the CPU capabilities on your execution host via

Look out for mismatches such as -msse4.2 [enabled] on your build host but a missing sse4_2 flag in the CPU capabilities.

If that doesn’t help, please provide the output of ldd commonKT on both build and execution host.

This is an answer to @craq :

I just compiled the file from C source and set it to be executable with chmod. There were no warning or error messages from gcc.

I’m a bit surprised that you had to ‘set it to executable’ — my gcc always sets the executable flag itself. This suggests to me that gcc didn’t expect this to be the final executable file, or that it didn’t expect it to be executable on this system.

Now I’ve tried to just create the object file, like so:

( hello.c is a typical «Hello World» program.) But my error message is a bit different:

On the other hand, this way, the output of the file command is identical to yours:

Whereas if I compile correctly, its output is much longer.

What I am saying is: I suspect it has something to do with the way you compile and link your code. Maybe you can shed some light on how you do that?

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Creating Linux binaries

Creating Linux binaries that can be downloaded and run on any distro (like .dmg packages for OSX or .exe installers for Windows) has traditionally been difficult. This is even more tricky if you want to use modern compilers and features, which is especially desired in game development. There is still no simple turn-key solution for this problem but with a bit of setup it can be relatively straightforward.

Installing system and GCC

First you need to do a fresh operating system install. You can use spare hardware, VirtualBox, cloud or whatever you want. Note that the distro you install must be at least as old as the oldest release you wish to support. Debian stable is usually a good choice, though immediately after its release you might want to use Debian oldstable or the previous Ubuntu LTS. The oldest supported version of CentOS is also a good choice.

Once you have installed the system, you need to install build-dependencies for GCC. In Debian-based distros this can be done with the following commands:

Then create a src subdirectory in your home directory. Copy-paste the following into install_gcc.sh and execute it.

Then finally add the following lines to your .bashrc .

Log out and back in and now your build environment is ready to use.

Adding other tools

Old distros might have too old versions of some tools. For Meson this could include Python 3 and Ninja. If this is the case you need to download, build and install new versions into

/devroot in the usual way.

Adding dependencies

You want to embed and statically link every dependency you can (especially C++ dependencies). Meson’s Wrap package manager might be of use here. This is equivalent to what you would do on Windows, OSX, Android etc. Sometimes static linking is not possible. In these cases you need to copy the .so files inside your package. Let’s use SDL2 as an example. First we download and install it as usual giving it our custom install prefix (that is, ./configure —prefix=$/devroot ). This makes Meson’s dependency detector pick it up automatically.

Building and installing

Building happens in much the same way as normally. There are just two things to note. First, you must tell GCC to link the C++ standard library statically. If you don’t then your app is guaranteed to break as different distros have binary-incompatible C++ libraries. The second thing is that you need to point your install prefix to some empty staging area. Here’s the Meson command to do that:

The aim is to put the executable in /tmp/myapp/bin and shared libraries to /tmp/myapp/lib . The next thing you need is the embedder. It takes your dependencies (in this case only libSDL2-2.0.so.0 ) and copies them in the lib directory. Depending on your use case you can either copy the files by hand or write a script that parses the output of ldd binary_file . Be sure not to copy system libraries ( libc , libpthread , libm etc). For an example, see the sample project.

Make the script run during install with this:

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How can I add

I’m just trying to follow this tutorial and set up my environment. My system is WSL Ubuntu 18.04. Here is already an answer on my question, but I as an absolute novice in Linux/UNIX don’t know which variant presented there more suitable for my goal. Do I need to add this string

Or may I need to accomplish the second step from the answer?

And then run these commands?

2 Answers 2

/bin folder in your home folder, it’ll already be in your default path. No need to modify anything, or add folders to a hidden .local folder. Create the

/bin folder, log out, log back in, and open a terminal window, and you can confirm the path by typing echo $PATH .

Update #1:

If you decide to use

/.local/bin anyway, add this to the end of your

Then log out, log back in, and your new path will be available.

/.local/bin But now only

/.local This command — export PYTHONUSERBASE=/myappenv solve the problem, but only till reload.

expanded to the absolute path to your home directory) so you’ll need to add

/.local/bin to your PATH. You can set your PATH permanently by modifying

/.profile. I’m trying to follow these instructions. And accordingly it is not as simple as adding /bin in my home directory.

The PATH variable gets changed when this shell command is executed:

/.profile will be executed automatically when you open a bash session (normally when you open a new terminal window/tab).

So if you want to change the PATH in current shell session only, you could just type export PATH=xxx and execute it once. But if you want to make it difference permanently, you should add the command above into

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