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Содержание
  1. 2. Using Python on Unix platforms¶
  2. 2.1. Getting and installing the latest version of Python¶
  3. 2.1.1. On Linux¶
  4. 2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSD¶
  5. 2.1.3. On OpenSolaris¶
  6. 2.2. Building Python¶
  7. 2.3. Python-related paths and files¶
  8. 2.4. Miscellaneous¶
  9. 2.5. Custom OpenSSL¶
  10. Download the latest source release
  11. Download the latest version of Python
  12. Active Python Releases
  13. Looking for a specific release?
  14. Sponsors
  15. Licenses
  16. Sources
  17. Alternative Implementations
  18. History
  19. Release Schedules
  20. Information about specific ports, and developer info
  21. OpenPGP Public Keys
  22. Other Useful Items
  23. Want to contribute?

2. Using Python on Unix platforms¶

2.1. Getting and installing the latest version of Python¶

2.1.1. On Linux¶

Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use that are not available on your distro’s package. You can easily compile the latest version of Python from source.

In the event that Python doesn’t come preinstalled and isn’t in the repositories as well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the following links:

for Debian users

for OpenSuse users

for Fedora users

for Slackware users

2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSD¶

FreeBSD users, to add the package use:

OpenBSD users, to add the package use:

For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using:

2.1.3. On OpenSolaris¶

You can get Python from OpenCSW. Various versions of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. pkgutil -i python27 .

2.2. Building Python¶

If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the source. You can download either the latest release’s source or just grab a fresh clone. (If you want to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)

The build process consists of the usual commands:

Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are extensively documented in the README.rst file in the root of the Python source tree.

make install can overwrite or masquerade the python3 binary. make altinstall is therefore recommended instead of make install since it only installs exec_prefix /bin/python version .

These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions; prefix ( $ ) and exec_prefix ( $ ) are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the same.

For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is /usr .

Recommended location of the interpreter.

prefix /lib/python version , exec_prefix /lib/python version

Recommended locations of the directories containing the standard modules.

prefix /include/python version , exec_prefix /include/python version

Recommended locations of the directories containing the include files needed for developing Python extensions and embedding the interpreter.

2.4. Miscellaneous¶

To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable, e.g. with

and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is usually

which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole PATH . However, some Unices may not have the env command, so you may need to hardcode /usr/bin/python3 as the interpreter path.

To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the subprocess module.

2.5. Custom OpenSSL¶

To use your vendor’s OpenSSL configuration and system trust store, locate the directory with openssl.cnf file or symlink in /etc . On most distribution the file is either in /etc/ssl or /etc/pki/tls . The directory should also contain a cert.pem file and/or a certs directory.

Download, build, and install OpenSSL. Make sure you use install_sw and not install . The install_sw target does not override openssl.cnf .

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Build Python with custom OpenSSL (see the configure –with-openssl and –with-openssl-rpath options)

Patch releases of OpenSSL have a backwards compatible ABI. You don’t need to recompile Python to update OpenSSL. It’s sufficient to replace the custom OpenSSL installation with a newer version.

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Download the latest version of Python

Looking for Python with a different OS? Python for Windows, Linux/UNIX, macOS, Other

Want to help test development versions of Python? Prereleases, Docker images

Looking for Python 2.7? See below for specific releases

Active Python Releases

  1. 3.10 bugfix 2021-10-04 2026-10 PEP 619
  2. 3.9 bugfix 2020-10-05 2025-10 PEP 596
  3. 3.8 security 2019-10-14 2024-10 PEP 569
  4. 3.7 security 2018-06-27 2023-06-27 PEP 537
  5. 3.6 security 2016-12-23 2021-12-23 PEP 494
  6. 2.7 end-of-life 2010-07-03 2020-01-01 PEP 373

Looking for a specific release?

Python releases by version number:

  1. Python 3.10.0 Oct. 4, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
  2. Python 3.7.12 Sept. 4, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
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  4. Python 3.9.7 Aug. 30, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
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  7. Python 3.8.11 June 28, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
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  14. Python 3.9.2 Feb. 19, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
  15. Python 3.8.8 Feb. 19, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
  16. Python 3.6.13 Feb. 15, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
  17. Python 3.7.10 Feb. 15, 2021 DownloadRelease Notes
  18. Python 3.8.7 Dec. 21, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  19. Python 3.9.1 Dec. 7, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  20. Python 3.9.0 Oct. 5, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  21. Python 3.8.6 Sept. 24, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  22. Python 3.5.10 Sept. 5, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  23. Python 3.7.9 Aug. 17, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  24. Python 3.6.12 Aug. 17, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  25. Python 3.8.5 July 20, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  26. Python 3.8.4 July 13, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  27. Python 3.7.8 June 27, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  28. Python 3.6.11 June 27, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  29. Python 3.8.3 May 13, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  30. Python 2.7.18 April 20, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  31. Python 3.7.7 March 10, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  32. Python 3.8.2 Feb. 24, 2020 DownloadRelease Notes
  33. Python 3.8.1 Dec. 18, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  34. Python 3.7.6 Dec. 18, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  35. Python 3.6.10 Dec. 18, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  36. Python 3.5.9 Nov. 2, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  37. Python 3.5.8 Oct. 29, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  38. Python 2.7.17 Oct. 19, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  39. Python 3.7.5 Oct. 15, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  40. Python 3.8.0 Oct. 14, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  41. Python 3.7.4 July 8, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  42. Python 3.6.9 July 2, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  43. Python 3.7.3 March 25, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  44. Python 3.4.10 March 18, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  45. Python 3.5.7 March 18, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  46. Python 2.7.16 March 4, 2019 DownloadRelease Notes
  47. Python 3.7.2 Dec. 24, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  48. Python 3.6.8 Dec. 24, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  49. Python 3.7.1 Oct. 20, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  50. Python 3.6.7 Oct. 20, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  51. Python 3.5.6 Aug. 2, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  52. Python 3.4.9 Aug. 2, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  53. Python 3.7.0 June 27, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  54. Python 3.6.6 June 27, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  55. Python 2.7.15 May 1, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  56. Python 3.6.5 March 28, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  57. Python 3.4.8 Feb. 5, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  58. Python 3.5.5 Feb. 5, 2018 DownloadRelease Notes
  59. Python 3.6.4 Dec. 19, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  60. Python 3.6.3 Oct. 3, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  61. Python 3.3.7 Sept. 19, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  62. Python 2.7.14 Sept. 16, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  63. Python 3.4.7 Aug. 9, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  64. Python 3.5.4 Aug. 8, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  65. Python 3.6.2 July 17, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  66. Python 3.6.1 March 21, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  67. Python 3.4.6 Jan. 17, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  68. Python 3.5.3 Jan. 17, 2017 DownloadRelease Notes
  69. Python 3.6.0 Dec. 23, 2016 DownloadRelease Notes
  70. Python 2.7.13 Dec. 17, 2016 DownloadRelease Notes
  71. Python 3.4.5 June 27, 2016 DownloadRelease Notes
  72. Python 3.5.2 June 27, 2016 DownloadRelease Notes
  73. Python 2.7.12 June 25, 2016 DownloadRelease Notes
  74. Python 3.4.4 Dec. 21, 2015 DownloadRelease Notes
  75. Python 3.5.1 Dec. 7, 2015 DownloadRelease Notes
  76. Python 2.7.11 Dec. 5, 2015 DownloadRelease Notes
  77. Python 3.5.0 Sept. 13, 2015 DownloadRelease Notes
  78. Python 2.7.10 May 23, 2015 DownloadRelease Notes
  79. Python 3.4.3 Feb. 25, 2015 DownloadRelease Notes
  80. Python 2.7.9 Dec. 10, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  81. Python 3.4.2 Oct. 13, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  82. Python 3.3.6 Oct. 12, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  83. Python 3.2.6 Oct. 12, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  84. Python 2.7.8 July 2, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  85. Python 2.7.7 June 1, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  86. Python 3.4.1 May 19, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  87. Python 3.4.0 March 17, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  88. Python 3.3.5 March 9, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  89. Python 3.3.4 Feb. 9, 2014 DownloadRelease Notes
  90. Python 3.3.3 Nov. 17, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  91. Python 2.7.6 Nov. 10, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  92. Python 2.6.9 Oct. 29, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  93. Python 3.2.5 May 15, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  94. Python 3.3.2 May 15, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  95. Python 2.7.5 May 12, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  96. Python 3.2.4 April 6, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  97. Python 3.3.1 April 6, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  98. Python 2.7.4 April 6, 2013 DownloadRelease Notes
  99. Python 3.3.0 Sept. 29, 2012 DownloadRelease Notes
  100. Python 3.2.3 April 10, 2012 DownloadRelease Notes
  101. Python 2.6.8 April 10, 2012 DownloadRelease Notes
  102. Python 3.1.5 April 9, 2012 DownloadRelease Notes
  103. Python 2.7.3 April 9, 2012 DownloadRelease Notes
  104. Python 3.2.2 Sept. 3, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  105. Python 3.2.1 July 9, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  106. Python 2.7.2 June 11, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  107. Python 3.1.4 June 11, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  108. Python 2.6.7 June 3, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  109. Python 2.5.6 May 26, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  110. Python 3.2.0 Feb. 20, 2011 DownloadRelease Notes
  111. Python 3.1.3 Nov. 27, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  112. Python 2.7.1 Nov. 27, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  113. Python 2.6.6 Aug. 24, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  114. Python 2.7.0 July 3, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  115. Python 3.1.2 March 20, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  116. Python 2.6.5 March 18, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  117. Python 2.5.5 Jan. 31, 2010 DownloadRelease Notes
  118. Python 2.6.4 Oct. 26, 2009 DownloadRelease Notes
  119. Python 2.6.3 Oct. 2, 2009 DownloadRelease Notes
  120. Python 3.1.1 Aug. 17, 2009 DownloadRelease Notes
  121. Python 3.1.0 June 26, 2009 DownloadRelease Notes
  122. Python 2.6.2 April 14, 2009 DownloadRelease Notes
  123. Python 3.0.1 Feb. 13, 2009 DownloadRelease Notes
  124. Python 2.5.4 Dec. 23, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  125. Python 2.5.3 Dec. 19, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  126. Python 2.4.6 Dec. 19, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  127. Python 2.6.1 Dec. 4, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  128. Python 3.0.0 Dec. 3, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  129. Python 2.6.0 Oct. 2, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  130. Python 2.3.7 March 11, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  131. Python 2.4.5 March 11, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  132. Python 2.5.2 Feb. 21, 2008 DownloadRelease Notes
  133. Python 2.5.1 April 19, 2007 DownloadRelease Notes
  134. Python 2.3.6 Nov. 1, 2006 DownloadRelease Notes
  135. Python 2.4.4 Oct. 18, 2006 DownloadRelease Notes
  136. Python 2.5.0 Sept. 19, 2006 DownloadRelease Notes
  137. Python 2.4.3 April 15, 2006 DownloadRelease Notes
  138. Python 2.4.2 Sept. 27, 2005 DownloadRelease Notes
  139. Python 2.4.1 March 30, 2005 DownloadRelease Notes
  140. Python 2.3.5 Feb. 8, 2005 DownloadRelease Notes
  141. Python 2.4.0 Nov. 30, 2004 DownloadRelease Notes
  142. Python 2.3.4 May 27, 2004 DownloadRelease Notes
  143. Python 2.3.3 Dec. 19, 2003 DownloadRelease Notes
  144. Python 2.3.2 Oct. 3, 2003 DownloadRelease Notes
  145. Python 2.3.1 Sept. 23, 2003 DownloadRelease Notes
  146. Python 2.3.0 July 29, 2003 DownloadRelease Notes
  147. Python 2.2.3 May 30, 2003 DownloadRelease Notes
  148. Python 2.2.2 Oct. 14, 2002 DownloadRelease Notes
  149. Python 2.2.1 April 10, 2002 DownloadRelease Notes
  150. Python 2.1.3 April 9, 2002 DownloadRelease Notes
  151. Python 2.2.0 Dec. 21, 2001 DownloadRelease Notes
  152. Python 2.0.1 June 22, 2001 DownloadRelease Notes
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Licenses

All Python releases are Open Source. Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also been GPL-compatible. The Licenses page details GPL-compatibility and Terms and Conditions.

Sources

For most Unix systems, you must download and compile the source code. The same source code archive can also be used to build the Windows and Mac versions, and is the starting point for ports to all other platforms.

Download the latest Python 3 and Python 2 source.

Alternative Implementations

This site hosts the «traditional» implementation of Python (nicknamed CPython). A number of alternative implementations are available as well.

History

Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting Mathematisch Centrum in the Netherlands as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python’s principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.

Release Schedules

Information about specific ports, and developer info

OpenPGP Public Keys

Source and binary executables are signed by the release manager or binary builder using their OpenPGP key. Release files for currently supported releases are signed by the following:

Release files for older releases which have now reached end-of-life may have been signed by one of the following:

  • Anthony Baxter (key id: 0EDD C5F2 6A45 C816)
  • Georg Brandl (key id: 0A5B 1018 3658 0288)
  • Martin v. Löwis (key id: 6AF0 53F0 7D9D C8D2)
  • Ronald Oussoren (key id: C9BE 28DE E6DF 025C)
  • Barry Warsaw (key ids: 126E B563 A74B 06BF, D986 6941 EA5B BD71, and ED9D77D5)

You can import a person’s public keys from a public keyserver network server you trust by running a command like:

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or, in many cases, public keys can also be found at keybase.io. On the version-specific download pages, you should see a link to both the downloadable file and a detached signature file. To verify the authenticity of the download, grab both files and then run this command:

Note that you must use the name of the signature file, and you should use the one that’s appropriate to the download you’re verifying.

  • (These instructions are geared to GnuPG and Unix command-line users.)

Other Useful Items

  • Looking for 3rd party Python modules? The Package Index has many of them.
  • You can view the standard documentation online, or you can download it in HTML, PostScript, PDF and other formats. See the main Documentation page.
  • Information on tools for unpacking archive files provided on python.org is available.
  • Tip: even if you download a ready-made binary for your platform, it makes sense to also download the source. This lets you browse the standard library (the subdirectory Lib) and the standard collections of demos (Demo) and tools (Tools) that come with it. There’s a lot you can learn from the source!
  • There is also a collection of Emacs packages that the Emacsing Pythoneer might find useful. This includes major modes for editing Python, C, C++, Java, etc., Python debugger interfaces and more. Most packages are compatible with Emacs and XEmacs.

Want to contribute?

Want to contribute? See the Python Developer’s Guide to learn about how Python development is managed.

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