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Отсылка RADIUS CoA пакетов из командной строки | Linux

RADIUS CoA (Change of Authorization) — это механизм изменения AAA сессий после ее установления, другими словами путем отсылки CoA пакетов можно на лету изменять параметры/атрибуты сессии не прибигая к остановке сессии и последующего старта с необходимыми атрибутами. При отладке приложений удобно подобные запросы отправлять непосредственно с командной строки. В Linux есть необходимая утилита, обычно применяющаяся для отладки FreeRADIUS сервера — radclient, с ее помощью можно непосредственно с командной строки выполнить CoA запрос:

Синтаксис, думаю, не требует разъяснений, но хотелось бы отметить пару моментов:

• необходимые атрибуты и их значения указываются через запятую
• опция -d — указывает путь до папки со словарем. в этой папке читается только один файл с именем dictionary, при необходимости подключения нескольких словарей, необходимо делать «include»ы непосредственно в этом файле (напр: $INCLUDE dictionary.cisco)
• атрибуты передаваемые в radclient должный быть прописаны в словаре. Если при выполнении команды встречается неизвестный атрибут — он и последующие атрибуты не отправляются
• не забывайте про кавычки в значениях атрибутов (например, таких как МАС-адрес)

При выполнении CoA запроса можно увидеть результат его выполнения, в частности переданные атрибуты и ответ:

Таким образом получаем простой способ для отладки RADIUS CoA приложений, так же данный способ удобен в применении в различных скриптах, если не хочется тратить время на написание обертки скажем на Perl или Phyton с применением RADIUS библиотек.

Источник

radclient — Man Page

send packets to a RADIUS server, show reply

Synopsis

radclient [-4] [-6] [-c count] [-d raddb_directory] [-D dictionary_directory] [-f file] [-F] [-h] [-i id] [-n num_requests_per_second] [-p num_requests_in_parallel] [-q] [-r num_retries] [-s] [-S shared_secret_file] [-t timeout] [-v] [-x] server secret

Description

radclient is a radius client program. It can send arbitrary radius packets to a radius server, then shows the reply. It can be used to test changes you made in the configuration of the radius server, or it can be used to monitor if a radius server is up.

radclient reads radius attribute/value pairs from it standard input, or from a file specified on the command line. It then encodes these attribute/value pairs using the dictionary, and sends them to the remote server.

The User-Password and CHAP-Password attributes are automatically encrypted before the packet is sent to the server.

Options

Use IPv4 (default)

Send each packet count times.

The directory that contains the user dictionary file. Defaults to /etc/raddb.

The directory that contains the main dictionary file. Defaults to /usr/share/freeradius.

File to read the attribute/value pairs from. If this is not specified, they are read from stdin. This option can be specified multiple times, in which case packets are sent in order by file, and within each file, by first packet to last packet. A blank line separates logical packets within a file. If a pair of files separated by a colon is specified, the second file will be used to filter the responses to requests from the first. The number of requests and filters must be the same. A summary of filter results will be displayed if -s is passed.

Print the file name, packet number and reply code.

Print usage help information.

Use id as the RADIUS request Id.

Try to send num_requests_per_second, evenly spaced. This option allows you to slow down the rate at which radclient sends requests. When not using -n, the default is to send packets as quickly as possible, with no inter-packet delays.

Due to limitations in radclient, this option does not accurately send the requested number of packets per second.

Send num_requests_in_parallel, without waiting for a response for each one. By default, radclient sends the first request it has read, waits for the response, and once the response is received, sends the second request in its list. This option allows you to send many requests at simultaneously. Once num_requests_in_parallel are sent, radclient waits for all of the responses to arrive (or for the requests to time out), before sending any more packets.

This option permits you to discover the maximum load accepted by a RADIUS server.

Use proto transport protocol («tcp» or «udp»). Only available if FreeRADIUS is compiled with TCP transport support.

Go to quiet mode, and do not print out anything.

Try to send each packet num_retries times, before giving up on it. The default is 10.

Print out some summaries of packets sent and received.

Rather than reading the shared secret from the command-line (where it can be seen by others on the local system), read it instead from shared_secret_file.

Wait timeout seconds before deciding that the NAS has not responded to a request, and re-sending the packet. The default timeout is 3.

Print out version information.

Print out debugging information.

The hostname or IP address of the remote server. Optionally a UDP port can be specified. If no UDP port is specified, it is looked up in /etc/services. The service name looked for is radacct for accounting packets, and radius for all other requests. If a service is not found in /etc/services, 1813 and 1812 are used respectively. For coa and disconnect packets, port 3799 is used.

If a host name is specified, then radclient will do a DNS lookup, and use the A record to find the IP address of the RADIUS server. If there is no A record, then radclient will look for an AAAA record. If there is no AAAA record, an error will be produced.

IPv6 addresses may be specified by surrounding it in square brackets. For example, [2002:c000:0201:0:0:0:0:0], or with a port, [2002:c000:0201:0:0:0:0:0]:18120.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Dst-IP-Address. If this attribute exists, then that IP address is where the packet is sent, and the server specified on the command-line is ignored.

If the RADIUS attribute list always contains the Packet-Dst-IP-Address attribute, then the server parameter can be given as —.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Dst-Port. If this attribute exists, then that UDP port is where the packet is sent, and the :port specified on the command-line is ignored.

acct | auth | status | coa | disconnect | auto

Use auth to send an authentication packet (Access-Request), acct to send an accounting packet (Accounting-Request), status to send a status packet (Status-Server), or coa to send a CoA-Request, or disconnect to send a disconnection request. Instead of these values, you can also use a decimal code here. For example, code 12 is also Status-Server.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Type. If this attribute exists, then that type of packet is sent, and the type specified on the command-line is ignored.

If the RADIUS attribute list always contains the Packet-Type attribute, then the type parameter can be given as auto.

The shared secret for this client. It needs to be defined on the radius server side too, for the IP address you are sending the radius packets from.

Example

A sample session that queries the remote server for Status-Server (not all servers support this, but FreeRADIUS has configurable support for it).

Источник

radclient(1) — Linux man page

radclient — send packets to a RADIUS server, show reply

Synopsis

Description

radclient is a radius client program. It can send arbitrary radius packets to a radius server, then shows the reply. It can be used to test changes you made in the configuration of the radius server, or it can be used to monitor if a radius server is up.

radclient reads radius attribute/value pairs from it standard input, or from a file specified on the command line. It then encodes these attribute/value pairs using the dictionary, and sends them to the remote server.

The User-Password and CHAP-Password attributes are automatically encrypted before the packet is sent to the server.

Options

Use IPv4 (default)

Use IPv6 -c count Send each packet count times. -d raddb_directory The directory that contains the RADIUS dictionary files. Defaults to /etc/raddb. -f file File to read the attribute/value pairs from. If this is not specified, they are read from stdin. This option can be specified multiple times, in which case packets are sent in order by file, and within each file, by first packet to last packet. A blank line separates logical packets within a file. -F

Print the file name, packet number and reply code.

Print usage help information.

Use id as the RADIUS request Id. -n num_requests_per_second Try to send num_requests_per_second, evenly spaced. This option allows you to slow down the rate at which radclient sends requests. When not using -n, the default is to send packets as quickly as possible, with no inter-packet delays.

Due to limitations in radclient, this option does not accurately send the requested number of packets per second. -p num_requests_in_parallel Send num_requests_in_parallel, without waiting for a response for each one. By default, radclient sends the first request it has read, waits for the response, and once the response is received, sends the second request in its list. This option allows you to send many requests at simultaneously. Once num_requests_in_parallel are sent, radclient waits for all of the responses to arrive (or for the requests to time out), before sending any more packets.

This option permits you to discover the maximum load accepted by a RADIUS server. -q

Go to quiet mode, and do not print out anything. -r num_retries Try to send each packet num_retries times, before giving up on it. The default is 10. -s

Print out some summaries of packets sent and received. -S shared_secret_file Rather than reading the shared secret from the command-line (where it can be seen by others on the local system), read it instead from shared_secret_file. -t timeout Wait timeout seconds before deciding that the NAS has not responded to a request, and re-sending the packet. The default timeout is 3. -v

Print out version information.

Print out debugging information. server[:port] The hostname or IP address of the remote server. Optionally a UDP port can be specified. If no UDP port is specified, it is looked up in /etc/services. The service name looked for is radacct for accounting packets, and radius for all other requests. If a service is not found in /etc/services, 1813 and 1812 are used respectively.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Dst-IP-Address. If this attribute exists, then that IP address is where the packet is sent, and the server specified on the command-line is ignored.

If the RADIUS attribute list always contains the Packet-Dst-IP-Address attribute, then the server parameter can be given as —.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Dst-Port. If this attribute exists, then that UDP port is where the packet is sent, and the :port specified on the command-line is ignored. acct | auth | status | disconnect | auto Use auth to send an authentication packet (Access-Request), acct to send an accounting packet (Accounting-Request), status to send an status packet (Status-Server), or disconnect to send a disconnection request. Instead of these values, you can also use a decimal code here. For example, code 12 is also Status-Server.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Type. If this attribute exists, then that type of packet is sent, and the type specified on the command-line is ignored.

If the RADIUS attribute list always contains the Packet-Type attribute, then the type parameter can be given as auto. secret

The shared secret for this client. It needs to be defined on the radius server side too, for the IP address you are sending the radius packets from.

Example

A sample session that queries the remote server for Status-Server (not all servers support this, but FreeRADIUS has configurable support for it).

Источник

radclient (1) — Linux Man Pages

radclient: send packets to a RADIUS server, show reply

Command to display radclient manual in Linux: $ man 1 radclient

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

radclient reads radius attribute/value pairs from it standard input, or from a file specified on the command line. It then encodes these attribute/value pairs using the dictionary, and sends them to the remote server.

The User-Password and CHAP-Password attributes are automatically encrypted before the packet is sent to the server.

OPTIONS

-4 Use IPv4 (default) -6 Use IPv6 -c count Send each packet count times. -d raddb_directory The directory that contains the user dictionary file. Defaults to /etc/raddb . -D dictionary_directory The directory that contains the main dictionary file. Defaults to /usr/share/freeradius . -f file[:file] File to read the attribute/value pairs from. If this is not specified, they are read from stdin. This option can be specified multiple times, in which case packets are sent in order by file, and within each file, by first packet to last packet. A blank line separates logical packets within a file. If a pair of files separated by a colon is specified, the second file will be used to filter the responses to requests from the first. The number of requests and filters must be the same. A summary of filter results will be displayed if -s is passed. -F Print the file name, packet number and reply code. -h Print usage help information. -i id Use id as the RADIUS request Id. -n num_requests_per_second Try to send num_requests_per_second , evenly spaced. This option allows you to slow down the rate at which radclient sends requests. When not using -n, the default is to send packets as quickly as possible, with no inter-packet delays.

Due to limitations in radclient, this option does not accurately send the requested number of packets per second. -p num_requests_in_parallel Send num_requests_in_parallel , without waiting for a response for each one. By default, radclient sends the first request it has read, waits for the response, and once the response is received, sends the second request in its list. This option allows you to send many requests at simultaneously. Once num_requests_in_parallel are sent, radclient waits for all of the responses to arrive (or for the requests to time out), before sending any more packets.

This option permits you to discover the maximum load accepted by a RADIUS server. -P proto Use proto transport protocol («tcp» or «udp»). Only available if FreeRADIUS is compiled with TCP transport support. -q Go to quiet mode, and do not print out anything. -r num_retries Try to send each packet num_retries times, before giving up on it. The default is 10. -s Print out some summaries of packets sent and received. -S shared_secret_file Rather than reading the shared secret from the command-line (where it can be seen by others on the local system), read it instead from shared_secret_file . -t timeout Wait timeout seconds before deciding that the NAS has not responded to a request, and re-sending the packet. The default timeout is 3. -v Print out version information. -x Print out debugging information. server[:port] The hostname or IP address of the remote server. Optionally a UDP port can be specified. If no UDP port is specified, it is looked up in /etc/services . The service name looked for is radacct for accounting packets, and radius for all other requests. If a service is not found in /etc/services , 1813 and 1812 are used respectively.

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Dst-IP-Address . If this attribute exists, then that IP address is where the packet is sent, and the server specified on the command-line is ignored.

If the RADIUS attribute list always contains the Packet-Dst-IP-Address attribute, then the server parameter can be given as — .

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Dst-Port . If this attribute exists, then that UDP port is where the packet is sent, and the :port specified on the command-line is ignored.

acct | auth | status | disconnect | auto Use auth to send an authentication packet (Access-Request), acct to send an accounting packet (Accounting-Request), status to send an status packet (Status-Server), or disconnect to send a disconnection request. Instead of these values, you can also use a decimal code here. For example, code 12 is also Status-Server .

The RADIUS attributes read by radclient can contain the special attribute Packet-Type . If this attribute exists, then that type of packet is sent, and the type specified on the command-line is ignored.

If the RADIUS attribute list always contains the Packet-Type attribute, then the type parameter can be given as auto .

secret The shared secret for this client. It needs to be defined on the radius server side too, for the IP address you are sending the radius packets from.

EXAMPLE

A sample session that queries the remote server for Status-Server (not all servers support this, but FreeRADIUS has configurable support for it).

Источник