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Understanding Linux

As IT systems and workloads get more complex, the underlying architecture and operating system must be reliable, scalable, and performance driven. Linux is the stable foundation for all IT workloads and deployments—whether traditional or innovative—from bare metal to virtual, cloud, and containers.

What is Linux?

Linux® is an open source operating system (OS). It was originally conceived of and created as a hobby by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Linus, while at university, sought to create an alternative, free, open source version of the MINIX operating system, which was itself based on the principles and design of Unix. That hobby has since become the OS with the largest user base, the most-used OS on publicly available internet servers, and the only OS used on the top 500 fastest supercomputers.

Perhaps the best thing about Linux is that it’s open source. Linux is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL). That means that anyone can run, study, share, and modify the software. The modified code can also be redistributed, and even sold, but must be done so under the same license. This differs greatly from traditional operating systems—Unix and Windows, for example—which are proprietary, locked-down, and delivered as-is and unmodifiable.

What can you do with Linux?

Linux can serve as the basis for nearly any type of IT initiative, including containers, cloud-native applications, and security. It’s at the core of some of the biggest industries and businesses in the world—from knowledge-sharing websites like Wikipedia to the New York Stock Exchange to mobile devices running Android (which is a specific-use distribution of the Linux kernel with complimentary software). Linux has grown over the years to be the de facto standard for running highly available, reliable, and critical workloads in datacenters and cloud deployments. It has multiple use cases, distributions, target systems and devices, and capabilities—all depending on your needs and workloads.

Microsoft has embraced Linux and open source in other ways, producing a SQL Server for Linux and open sourcing their .NET framework (.NET Core/Mono) so that any platform can run it, opening up the capability for Linux-using developers to make applications with that framework. By 2027, all SAP customers will be moving to SAP HANA—an in-memory, relational database management system—which only runs on Linux. As of 2017, 50% of the SAP market are Windows customers.

When it comes to cloud, even on Microsoft’s Azure, more than 60% of the images on the Azure Marketplace and nearly ⅓ of virtual machines are Linux-based. Meanwhile, Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform offer up multiple distributions of Linux in their publicly available images.

Linux continues to be the operating system of the future, with more and more systems depending on its stability and extensibility.

How easy is it to use Linux?

Very easy. Almost every Linux distribution comes with a graphic-user interface (GUI) that makes point-and-click actions very easy. These GUIs revolutionized computing during the OS wars in the late 1970s by humanizing software—making it more visual. More real.

But at some point, you might need to ask the computer to do something outside the prepackaged bucket of actions a GUI can perform. At that point, you need to open up the command line—the strips of code you see tech-savvy geniuses in TV and movies feverishly typing away at. But that Hollywood treatment makes the command line (a staple of open source OSs) seem like something impossible to master.

The truth is, the command line is the most straightforward use of a computer. But there are some Linux distros—like our latest release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux—that make using open source OSs even easier.

Is Red Hat the same thing as Linux?

Red Hat initially saw success supporting a custom distribution of Linux, then named “Red Hat® Linux.” The growth and reliability of Red Hat Linux made the two synonymous in many people’s minds. Since those early days, Red Hat’s solutions and technologies have built on this success to include nearly all aspects of the IT stack.

Red Hat curates, secures, and supports a Linux distribution—now known as Red Hat Enterprise Linux, a change that took place in 2003 as a result of merging with the Fedora Linux Project. Today, Red Hat Enterprise Linux supports and powers software and technologies for automation, cloud, containers, middleware, storage, application development, microservices, virtualization, management, and more.

Linux plays a major role as the core of many of Red Hat’s offerings. It’s far beyond simply being an operating systems for servers—Linux is the foundation for the modern IT stack.

An in-depth analysis of Linux and Linux distributions

Can you trust Linux? Is it secure?

Security isn’t something that you can simply deploy and forget. Security must be an integrated part of any business—and any deployment strategy.

The best security is layered.

Security isn’t a feature. Security is holistic. When it comes to IT security, the operating system plays a part in a larger story that goes from physical hardware to the people with access to that hardware as well as the applications deployed on the hardware. The broader view of security also takes into account risk management, compliance, and governance. Securing one aspect doesn’t mean everything is secure—you have to address all parts.

Because Linux is modular its security can be more easily managed. Each piece that makes up the Linux operating system has the ability to be audited, monitored, and secured. Linux has built-in tools and modules—like SELinux—to help further lock down, monitor, report, and remedy security issues. There’s also a concerted effort within Linux to separate the user space from the kernel space, meaning that the processes running throughout the system aren’t all necessarily available to users (depending on role privileges) and, likewise, the user processes aren’t available to the system as a whole. This is the key concept and enabler for technologies like containers and virtualization—which require distinct, separated, and secure workloads and permissions.

Of course there’s no such thing as a perfectly secure operating system, but there are steps you can take—and advantages that Linux offers—to get closer to being secure.

Read more about security

Why choose Red Hat?

Red Hat is one of the leading contributors to the Linux kernel and associated technologies in the greater open source community. Red Hat engineers help improve features, reliability, and security to make sure your infrastructure performs and remains stable—no matter your use case and workload. We offer a robust Linux training curriculum developed by our support team and field personnel, giving you guidance to make the most of your platform.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux powers the applications that run your business with the control, confidence, and freedom that comes from a consistent foundation across hybrid cloud deployments. With thousands of certified hardware, software, and cloud solutions, Red Hat is the world’s leading provider of open source, enterprise IT solutions and is trusted by 90% of the Fortune 500. Plus, customers running Red Hat Enterprise Linux gain economic advantages of more than US$1 trillion each year, just because of the OS.

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux

The world’s leading enterprise Linux platform

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Other Developer Subscription options:

Supported versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Subscriptions are also available. See this complete list to choose from.

If you’re a Red Hat technology partner (e.g. an ISV), no-cost (Not for Resale — NFR) subscriptions are available by joining Red Hat Connect for Technology Partners. Once there, register your company and join the “Zone” for Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Containers.

Other versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Currently, only the most recent release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is available from developers.redhat.com. You can find all releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux on the Red Hat Customer Portal, access.redhat.com. When you join Red Hat Developer Program, a Red Hat account will be created for you with a no-cost Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Suite subscription. You will have access to all of the currently supported releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including 5 and 6.

Ready to use in Production?

With a Red Hat subscription, you can deploy your application into a production environment and get world-class expertise and knowledge about security, stability, and maintenance for your systems. Our subscriptions provide many benefits including access to resources, expertise, upgrades, and the ability to directly influence our commitment to providing an exceptional customer experience.

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® is the world’s leading enterprise Linux platform.* It’s an open source operating system (OS). It’s the foundation from which you can scale existing apps—and roll out emerging technologies—across bare-metal, virtual, container, and all types of cloud environments.

*Worldwide Operating Systems and Subsystems Market Shares, 2018; released November 2019

What is Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

Red Hat Enterprise Linux is an enterprise Linux operating system, certified on hundreds of clouds and with thousands of vendors. Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides a consistent foundation across environments and the tools needed to deliver services and workloads faster for any application. Red Hat Enterprise Linux reduces deployment friction and costs while speeding time to value for critical workloads, enabling development and operations teams to innovate together in any environment.

Features and benefits

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Expand to the edge

Red Hat Enterprise Linux extends your hybrid cloud infrastructure to the edge—across hundreds of thousands of nodes all over the world. Create edge-optimized OS images, minimize workload interruptions caused by OS updates, transfer system updates more efficiently, and have confidence in automatic health checks and rollbacks.

Mitigate, secure, comply

Red Hat Enterprise Linux takes a practical, 3-point approach to addressing security challenges: Mitigate, secure, and comply. Built-in security features help you defend against threats and stay in compliance with regulatory requirements.
Learn about these features and what makes Red Hat Enterprise Linux equipped to handle security and compliance for your enterprise.

Migrate or upgrade to the latest version

Run purpose-built command line utilities to automate many inventory and remediation steps associated with upgrading your subscription or migrating from another Linux distro. Migrating from CentOS Linux? New programs simplify access to Red Hat Enterprise Linux for your organization.

Multiplatform support

As the most deployed commercial Linux distribution in the public cloud, Red Hat Enterprise Linux is certified on hundreds of public cloud and service providers as well as thousands of other types of software and hardware.

Subscription exclusives

A Red Hat subscription offers production-ready code, life-cycle management, software interoperability, and access to experts and tools to help you run your business. Existing customers can take advantage of security, performance, and automation support immediately.

Open source innovation

Get supported access to open source innovation. As a top contributor to the Linux kernel and hundreds of subsystems, we represent your requirements upstream and return with stable innovations.

Outcomes of using Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Architecture

Stability in future-ready infrastructure

The operating system (OS) is the foundation of your architecture. By starting with an OS that runs anywhere, you can support your current and future requirements. Building on Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a strategic decision that provides consistency across environments and stability as things change in the future.

With Red Hat Enterprise Linux, you can run new applications on a consistent foundation, maintain legacy systems, and enhance security by addressing vulnerabilities and mitigating threats.

Development

Consistent platform for development

Red Hat Enterprise Linux gives you the stability and consistency that you need for development, and can run on any infrastructure and any cloud.

When you develop on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, it means your applications are developed on the same platform where they’ll be tested and deployed. As a developer, you’ll have the same stable and trusted platform that operations has adopted, plus the ability to use the latest tools and technologies that you need for application development.

Operations

Standardize on Linux

Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the proven Linux foundation for your open hybrid cloud infrastructure—from bare metal to virtual machines (VMs), edge computing, private cloud, and public clouds—and it runs on thousands of certified hardware and cloud vendor technologies.

Standardizing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux across your IT infrastructure improves security, eases operational burdens, and reduces costs. Red Hat Enterprise Linux’s consistent and stable administrative experience streamlines deployment and management of the OS by automating manual tasks, workflows, and administration.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 now available

The latest release includes enhancements that simplify cloud migrations and management, expanded support for edge deployments, and additional threat intelligence and security compliance reporting.

A shared technological foundation

Red Hat’s open hybrid cloud strategy is built on the technological foundation of Linux®, containers, and automation. An open hybrid cloud approach gives you the flexibility to run your applications anywhere you need them.

Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform lets you automate compliance and gain consistency ​across your Red Hat Enterprise Linux environments.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the proven foundation for Red Hat OpenShift, certified on thousands of hardware and cloud vendor technologies. This means the security, performance, interoperability, and innovation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is extended throughout your infrastructure to provide a single platform that can run wherever you need it.

Every technology within your IT stack needs to work well together. Because those connections rely on the operating system, it has to be consistent, reliable, and flexible. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the common link connecting modern IT.

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